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Nomenclature ACHAB Analysis Code for High-Altitude Balloons Albedo Albedo coefficient Albedo Albedo coefficient in clear-sky conditions ClearSky Albedo Albedo coefficient of the cloud layer Cloud A Cross sectional area of the venting ducts [m duct 2 ] A valve Cross sectional area of the gas valves [m 2 ] ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italian Space Agency) CIRA Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali C d Balloon drag coefficient C′ Discharge coefficient of the venting ducts discharge C ′′ discharge Discharge coefficient of the valves CF Cloud cover fraction CNMCA Centro Nazionale di Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica c Specific heat of the film material [J/kg/K] f v Nomenclature c Specific heat at constant volume of the lifting gas (for Helium: 3121.5 J/kg/K) v C added Added mass coefficient DTFT Drop Transonic Flight Test e Orbital eccentricity ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ELV Solar elevation angle above the true horizon [rad] FDR Flight Data Recorder file Fr Froude Number FTB Flight Test Bed g Acceleration of gravity [m/s 2 ] JD Julian Date [days] k ball Ballast discharge rate [kg/min] Lat Latitude [deg] Long Longitude [deg] L goreDesign Maximum gore length [m] LTA Lighter-than-air
M Mass of balloon film [kg] film M Mass of balloon gas [kg] gas M Mass of payload [kg] load M Total ballast [kg] ballast MW air Molecular weight of dry Air: 28.9644 [g/mol] MW Molecular weight of lifting gas: Helium: 4.002602 [g/mol] gas p Ambient pressure [Pa] air p Air pressure at sea level [Pa] 0 p gas Lifting Gas (Helium) pressure [Pa] PRORA Programma Nazionale Ricerca Aerospaziale q Diffuse planetary albedo flux [W/m Albedo 2 ] q Direct solar flux [W/m Sun 2 ] q Diffuse planetary longwave flux (Earth) [W/m IREarth 2 ] R Mean orbital radius [AU] AU R Earth radius [m] Earth R Specific gas constant of Air (287.05 J/kg/K) air vi Nomenclature R gas Specific gas constant of the lifting gas (for Helium: 2078.5 J/kg/K) Re Reynolds Number ρ Air density [kg/m air 3 ] ρ gas Lifting Gas (Helium) density [kg/m 3 ] RLV Reusable Launch Vehicle RoC Rate of Climb [m/s] SANBA System for Augmented Navigation for BAlloon Missions SINBAD Scientific Balloon Analysis Model T Air Temperature [K] air T Balloon film bulk temperature [K] film T gas Lifting Gas (Helium) Temperature [K] USV Unmanned Space Vehicle UT Universal Time V x y, z , Inertial velocity components [m/s] V wind x Wind velocity components [m/s] Volume Balloon volume [m 3 ] Volume Maximum design volume of the balloon [m Design 3 ] Γ Flight-path angle [rad] σ Stephan-Boltzmann constant, 5.67e-8 [W/m 2 /K 4 ]
Page 1: UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
Page 4 and 5: 3.2.3.6 Convective Heat Transfer 3.
Page 8 and 9: γ Specific heats ratio, p v c c α
Page 10 and 11: Introduction Chapter 1 Greek philos
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Page 18 and 19: Introduction Chapter 1 temperature
Page 20 and 21: The PRORA-USV Project Chapter 2 Spa
Page 22 and 23: The PRORA-USV Project Chapter 2 acc
Page 24 and 25: The PRORA-USV Project Chapter 2 4.
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4 ACHAB at Work The purpose of this
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 gross load
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 ValveTime =
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 ConstantDra
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 • and the
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 As to the t
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 altitude [m
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ACHAB at Work Chapter 4 Volume [m 3
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5 Validation of the Code The purpos
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 In
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 In
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 Er
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 On
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 Ra
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Validation of the Code Chapter 5 Ra
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6 The USV-DTFT1 Balloon Flight In t
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The USV-DTFT1 Balloon Flight Chapte
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7 Lessons Learned from the USV-DTFT
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Lessons Learned from the USV-DTFT1
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8 ACHAB Related Projects In this ch
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ACHAB Related Projects Chapter 8
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ACHAB Related Projects Chapter 8 Fi
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9 Conclusions and Future Work This
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Conclusions and Future Work Chapter
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References [1] Crouch, T. D., “Li
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[37] Weismann, D., “The Influence
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