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Notes and References III. Water Education and Institutional Development Capacity development for water cooperation 1. UN-Water website: www.unwater.org. 2. International Year of Water Cooperation 2013 website: www. watercooperation2013.org. 3. Ardakanian, R., Sewilam, H., and Liebe, J. (eds), 2012, Mid-Term Proceedings on Capacity Development for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture. A Collaboration of UN-Water Members & Partners: Midterm proceedings. 4. Further information on this multi-year project can be found at www.ais.unwater. org/wastewater. 5. Bryant, E.A., 1991, Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 6. Wilhite, D. A., 2011, ‘National Drought Policies: Addressing impacts and societal vulnerability’, in Sivakumar, M. V. K., Motha, R. P., Wilhite, D. A., and Qu, J. J., 2011 (eds.), Towards a Compendium on National Drought Policy: Proceedings of an expert meeting, July 14-15, 2011, Washington DC., USA. 7. Dai A., Trenberth, K.E., and Qian, T, 2004, ‘A global set of Palmer Drought Severity Index for 1870 to 2002: Relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming,’ in Journal of Hydrometeorology 5:1117-1130. 8. Sivakumar, M. V. K., Motha, R. P., Wilhite, D. A., and Qu, J. J., 2011 (eds.), Towards a Compendium on National Drought Policy: Proceedings of an expert meeting, July 14-15, 2011, Washington DC., USA. 9. Further reading at www.ais.unwater.org/droughtmanagement. Coping with extreme weather and water-related disasters 1. Takara, K. and H. Hayashi, ‘Extreme Weather and Water-Related Disasters: A Key Issue for the Sustainability and Survivability of Our Society,’ Journal of Disaster Research, Fuji Technology Press, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3-6, 2013. 2. See www.waterforum.jp/en/what_we_do/pages/grass_roots_activities.php#fund. 3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Hydrological Programme (IHP) Eighth Phase ‘Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional, and Global Challenges’ Strategic Plan, IHP-VIII 2014-2021, Final Version, August 2012. 4. Takara, K., ‘Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions,’ Asian Journal of Environment and Disaster Management, Research Publishing Services, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 123-136, 2011. The Regional Centre for Training and Water Studies of Arid and Semi-arid Zones 1. International Irrigation Management Institutes, Sri Lanka An Action Plan for Strengthening Irrigation Management in Egypt. Final Report, 1995. 2. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, WPRP/USAID Water Policy Review and Integration Study. Working Paper, 2002. 3. The World Bank USAID, Irrigation Training in the Public Sector, 1989. 4. Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Training Needs Assessment Study (Phase 1), Egypt, Water Policy Reform project, Report No. 73, 2003. 5. Regional Center for Training and Water Studies, National Training Plan 2009-2010. HidroEX Foundation – an example of water cooperation 1. HidroEX is a UNESCO Category II Center formally approved in October 2009 and currently under development in the City of Frutal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It will eventually offer post graduate education to students from Brazil, Latin America and Portuguese-speaking African nations in-line with the overall guidelines of the IHP and in coordination with UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands. 2. UNESCO, International Hydrological Programme. 2012. Draft Strategic Plan of the Eighth Phase of the IHP (2014-2021), IHP/IC-XX/Inf.4. Paris, 4-7 June. Application of water directives in small settlements 1. Water Framework Directive: Directive 2000/60/EC; Floods Directive: Directive 2007/60/EC; Renewable Energy Directive: Directive 2009/28/EC. 2. Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive: Directive 91/271/EEC. Speaking so that people understand: integrated water resources management in Guatemala 1. Colom, E. 2004 The State of Water in the Naranjo River Basin, in press. 2. Morataya, M., Pérez, O. 2007 Action plans for the municipalities of the Upper Naranjo River Basin, 150 pp. 3. Aragón, G. 2006 Governance Report of the components under the project ‘Integrated Management of Water Resources in the top of the Naranjo River Basin’, in press. 4. Herrera, N. 2007. Strategic Plan for the Natural Resources Coordinator of San Marcos. 30 pp. 5. Restrepo, I. 2001 Team Learning Projects and Demonstration, CINARA / UNIVALLE Cali, Colombia. Further reading: - Gil Joram, 2011 Strategy for the construction of the organizational framework for the water management in the upper part of the Naranjo River Basin. - Mux, V. 2006. Narrative Report for the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the framework of the project ‘Integrated Water Resources Management’. - Mux Caná, V. L.; Tovar, R.; Orozco, J. 2007 Building from the grassroots the guiding framework and management models for water and sanitation, Tikalia, FAUSAC. - Orozco, E. 2007 Hydrological Study of the Upper Naranjo River Basin. Integrated water resources management in Peru through shared vision planning 1. ‘To the barricades: The politics of non-stop protest’. The Economist. 4 December 2008. 2. Lorie, M.A. and Cardwell, H.E. 2006. ‘Collaborative Modeling for Water Management’. Southwest Hydrology. July/August 2006. pp26-27. 3. Congreso del Peru 2009. Ley de Recursos Hídricos, Ley N° 29338. Mar, 2009. IV. Financing Cooperation Regional cooperation in the water and sanitation sector: Latin America and the Caribbean 1. The term ‘region’ refers to the Latin American and Caribbean countries, including IDB non-member countries. 2. The MDGs consider safe or improved sources of drinking water to be piped water services (piped connections to a dwelling, plot or yard and other improved sources protected from outdoor contamination, such as taps or public water sources, borehole or drilled wells, protected dug wells, protected sources and rainwater collection. 3. Improved sanitation includes facilities that ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact. Among them: a toilet/latrine with a tank or siphon connected to a piped sewer system, a septic tank or a pit latrine; a ventilated improved pit latrine; a pit latrine with slab; a composting toilet. 4. Perroni, Alejandra et.al, Drinking water, sanitation and the Millennium Development Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean. 5. Water and Sanitation Initiative of the Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. Available at: iadb.org/water. 6. The Fund has two windows. One of them is directly managed by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation for Development (AECID) with the recipient countries, and the other one is managed by IDB on behalf of the Spanish Government. 7. Headquarters and field offices of AECID and IDB and executing entities. 8. US$ 581 million of contribution of the donation fund, US$ 342 million of loans granted by IDB and US$ 196 million of local contributions. Governance for cooperation and successful watershed conservation strategies: the Water Funds case 1. www.unwater.org/statistics_pollu.html. V. Legal Framework at the National/International Level Integrated water resource management – combining perspectives from law, policy and science The chapter by the Dundee Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science is based on a Policy Brief prepared for and funded by the UK National Commission for UNESCO. Community benefits achieved through developing legal frameworks at domestic and transboundary levels 1. S. Burchi, M. Nanni, ‘How groundwater ownership and rights influence groundwater intensive use management’, in Intensive Use of Groundwater – Challenges and Opportunities, R. Llamas and E. Custodio editors, Balkema, 2003, p. 230. 2. S. Hendry, ‘The implementation of the Groundwater Directive in Spain – Legal Analysis of the GENESIS case study’, in The Journal of Water Law, vol.22, issue 4 (2011), p. 166. 3. J. Razzaque, ‘Public participation in water governance’, in The Evolution of the Law and Politics of Water, J. Dellapenna, J. Gupta editors, Springer, 2008, p. 362-363. 4. G. de los Cobos, ‘Transboundary water resources and international law: the example of the aquifer management of the Geneva region (Switzerland and [ 330 ]
Notes and References France)’, in International Law and Freshwater – The Multiple Challenge, L. Boisson de Chazournes, C. Leb, and M. Tignino editors, Elgar, 2013, p. 179-195. 5. U. Alam, ‘India and Pakistan’s truculent cooperation: can it continue?’, in International Law and Freshwater – The Multiple Challenge, L. Boisson de Chazournes, C. Leb, and M. Tignino editors, Elgar, 2013, p. 420. 6. M. M. Mbengue, ‘The Senegal River legal regime and its contribution to the development of the law of international watercourses in Africa’, in International Law and Freshwater – The Multiple Challenge, L. Boisson de Chazournes, C. Leb, and M. Tignino editors, Elgar, 2013, p. 217-236. New approaches to planning and decision-making for fresh water: cooperative water management in New Zealand 1. Howard-Williams, C., R. Davies-Colley, K. Rutherford and R. Wilcock (2011) ‘Diffuse pollution and freshwater degradation: New Zealand Perspectives’ in Plenary Proceedings of the IWA Diffuse Pollution Conference, Quebec, Canada, Sept 2010. OECD, and reprinted in 2012 in Water 172, 56-66. 2. New Start for Fresh Water, (2009). New Zealand Government decision paper – Ministry for the Environment: www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/water/freshwater/newstart-fresh-water.html. 3. KPMG Agribusiness Agenda: Realising global potential (2010): www.kpmg.com/ NZ/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/agribusiness-agenda/Documents/ Agribusiness-Agenda-2011.pdf. 4. Land and Water Forum (2010). Land and Water Forum First Report: Fresh start for fresh water: www.landandwater.org.nz. 5. Salmon, G W (2007). ‘Collaborative governance for sustainable development: Lessons from the Nordic countries’. NZ Surveyor 297, 36-40. 6. Land and Water Forum (2012). Land and Water Forum Second Report: Setting limits for water quality and quantity; Freshwater policy and plan-making through collaboration: www.landandwater.org.nz. 7. Land and Water Forum (2012). Land and Water Forum Third Report: Managing water quality and allocating water: www.landandwater.org.nz. 8. CWMS (2009). Canterbury Water Management Strategy: Strategic Framework. Published by Canterbury Mayoral Forum and Environment Canterbury: www. ecan.govt.nz. 9. CWMS (2009). Canterbury Water Management Strategy: Strategic Framework. Ibid. 10. Environment Canterbury (2011). Canterbury water – the regional context. Supporting the Canterbury Water Management Strategy: www.ecan.govt.nz/getinvolved/Canterbury water/Key documents/Pages/CWMS.aspx. The US-Mexico institutional arrangement for transboundary water governance 1. US Chamber of Commerce (2010) Steps to a 21st Century U.S.-Mexico Border. A U.S. Chamber of Commerce Border Report. 2. Aparicio J., Ortega E., Hidalgo J., Aldama A. (2009) Water resources in the northern border. Mexican Institute of Water Technology. Mexico. (In Spanish). 3. Utilization of waters of the Colorado en Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande Treaty between the United States and Mexico. Signed at Washington February 3, 1944, and Protocol signed at Washington November 14, 1944. Treaty Series 994, US Dept. of State. US Government printing office. Washington 1946. 4. EPA (2013). US-Mexico Border Water Infrastructure Program. Annual Report 2012. United States Environmental Agency. EPA-830-R-13-001. VI. Water Cooperation, Sustainability and Poverty Eradication Managing water: from local wisdom to modern science 1. Geertz,1972; Lansing, 1991; Pitana, 1993; Sutawan, 2000. Water for life: inspiring action and promoting best practices in local cooperation 1. Butterworth et al, 2007. 2. Source: Sanz, M. & Osorio, L. (2011). 3. Source: ECODES, Zaragoza, Spain. International water cooperation 1. Fishman, Charles. The big thirst: the secret life and turbulent future of water. New York: <strong>Free</strong> Press, 2011. 2. Barcelona forced to import emergency water, http://www.guardian.co.uk/ world/2008/may/14/spain.water (accessed 26 July 2003). 3. Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds, National Intelligence Council. http:// info.publicintelligence.net/GlobalTrends2030.pdf (accessed 26 July 2003). 4. ‘IEA - Water-Energy Nexus’. IEA - World Energy Outlook. http://www. worldenergyoutlook.org/resources/water-energynexus/ (accessed 26 July 2013). 5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013. FAO.org. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3107e/i3107e00.pdf (accessed 26 July 2013). 6. 24 May 2013 # Climate Damage Costs http://news.nationalgeographic.com/ news/2013/13/130524-australia-extreme-weather-climate-change-heat-wavescience-world. 7. 15 March 2013 # Water Crisis Loss http://m.upi.com/story/UPI- 67421363375974. 8. 13 April 2013 # Climate Food Starvation Agriculture m.guardian.co.uk/globaldevelopment/2013/apr/13/climate-change-millions-starvation-scientists. 9. World confronts serious water crisis, former heads of government and experts warn in new report. InterAction Council. http://www.interactioncouncil.org/ world-confronts-serious-water-crisis-former-heads-government-and-experts-warnnew-report (accessed 26 July 2013). 10. World Economic Forum. Global Risks 2013 Eighth Edition. World Economic Forum Insight Report. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalRisks_ Report_2013.pdf (accessed 26 July 2013). 11. ‘Transboundary waters/International Decade for Action “Water for Life” 2005- 2015.’ Welcome to the United Nations: It’s Your World. http://www.un.org/ waterforlifedecade/transboundary_waters.shtml (accessed 26 July 2013). 12. Transboundary Waters Programme. United Nations Development Programme. http:// www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/ water_and_ocean_governance/transboundary-waters (accessed 26 July 2013). 13. ‘Transboundary waters/International Decade for Action “Water for Life” 2005- 2015’ op cit. 14. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Global Water Security. Intelligence Community Assessment. https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/ documents/327371/report-warns-that-water-shortages-could-threaten.pdf (accessed 26 July 2013): ii. 15. ‘Global Water Security’ Intelligence Community Assessment ICA 2012-08, 2 February 2012. http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/alg/2012.03_Global_ Water_Security.pdf. 16. Clapper, James R. Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. http://www.circleofblue. org/waternews/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DNI_threat-assessment-2013.pdf (accessed 26 July 2013). 17. van der Veen, ‘L’etat du Rhin’, Report of the Conference interparlementaire sur la pollution du Rhin 10 (24-25February 1977) in Kiss, Alexandre ‘The protection of the Rhine against pollution’. Natural Resources Journal, Vol 25, July 1985 – see http://lawlibrary.unm.edu/nrj/25/3/03_kiss_protection.pdf. 18. Kiss, Alexandre ‘The protection of the Rhine against pollution’. Natural Resources Journal, Vol 25, July 1985 – see http://lawlibrary.unm.edu/nrj/25/3/03_kiss_ protection.pdf. Assessment of Lebanon’s shared water resources and the need for effective cooperation 1. Beydoun, Z., 1977. Petroleum prospects of Lebanon: re-evaluation. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 61, 43-64. 2. Shaban, A. 2003. Etude de l’hydroélogie au Liban Occidental: Utilisation de la télédétection. PhD dissertation. Bordeaux 1 Université. 202p. 3. Shaban, A. 2011. ‘Analyzing climatic and hydrologic trends in Lebanon’. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, No.3, Vol. 5, 2011. 4. ADB (Asian Development Bank). 2008. Shared water resources. Whose water, available at: http://www.bgr.bund.de/nn_459046/EN/Themen/TZ/ Politikberatung__GW/Downloads/klingbeil__transboundarygw,templateId=raw,p roperty=publicationFile.pdf/klingbeil_transboundarygw.pdf. 5. Shaban, A. and Douglas, E. 2008. Transboundary water resources of Lebanon: Monitoring and assessment. Regional Meeting on Water in the Mediterranean Basin. University of Near East. Lefkosa. North Cyprus, 9-11/10/2008. 6. Comair, F. 2008. ‘Gestion et hydroplomatic de l’eau au Proche-Orient’. L’Orient du Jour. Alternative water resources in agriculture for improving production and poverty reduction 1. Stenhouse J. and Kijne J. W. (2006). Prospects for productive use of saline water in West Asia and North Africa. Comprehensive Assessment Research Report no.11. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat. 2. ICBA: www.biosaline.org.ae. [ 331 ]
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DISCLAIMER The designations employe
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Foreword IRINA BOKOVA, DIRECTOR-GEN
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Contents Acknowledgements..........
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Contents V Legal Framework at the N
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MR JÁNOS ÁDER, PRESIDENT OF THE R
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Water Diplomacy Transboundary water
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