Our Biological Heritage

ffcj úúO;ajfha
› ,dxlSh Wreuh
Our Biological Heritage
› ,xld ;reK cSjfõ§kaf.a ix.uh
iy
ä,aud ixrlaIK wdh;kh
Our Biological Heritage
fuu .%ka:h › ,xld ;reK cSjfõ§kaf.a ix.uh úiska › ,xld cSj
úoHd wdh;kh" › chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHdhSh jk yd mdßißl úoHd
wOHhk wxYh yd ffcj úúO;aj f,alï ld¾hd,fha iyfhda.h
iy Dilmah Conservation wdh;kfha uq,H wkq.%yh hgf;a m%ldYhg
m;alrk ,§'

m%:u uqøKh 2013
ixfYdaê; fojk uqøKh 2013
ixfYdaê; f;jk uqøKh 2014
ISBN 978-955-0034-06-2
nQ f;Èh
Ficus exasperata
© Kasun Pradeepa
mgqk
m%Odk ixialdrl uKav,h
uydpd¾h ysrdka wurfialr"
jk yd mdßißl úoHd wOHk wxYh"
› chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
uydpd¾h foajl ùrfldaka"
i;a;aj úoHd wOHk wxYh fldKl msgq ieliqu
liqka m%§m" Wild Studio
uqøKh
lreKdr;ak iy mq;%fhda ^mqoa& iud.u" fld

fmrjok
› ,xld ;reK cSjfõÈkaf.a ix.uh ;reK mrmqr w;r cSj úoHdj" mßir
l

ffcj úúO;ajfha
› ,dxlSh Wreuh
Our Biological Heritage
› ,xld ;reK cSjfõ§kaf.a ix.uh
iy
ä,aud ixrlaIK wdh;kh
Our Biological Heritage

Dugong
Conservation
Forest
Corridors
Discovering
Novel
Species
Rediscovery
Pseudophilautus
hypomelas
Novel
Discoveries
Polypedates ranwellai
Dilmah Conservation hkq Dilmah f;a iud.u úiska › ,xldfõ
mßir iy ixialD;sh ixrlaIK lsßu Wfoid 2007 j¾Ifha §
wdrïN lrk ,o wkqnoaO wdh;khls'
mßirh iy ixialD;sh ixrlaIK lsßu hk uq,sl m%;sm;a;sh
mokï lrf.k wkq f;aud yhla hgf;a 25 lg wêl jHdmD;ska
yryd Dilmah Conservation wdh;kh ixrlaIK lghq;= j,
kshef,ñka isák w;r f;a j;= wY%s; mßir moaO;Ska ys ffcj
úúO;ajh ixrlaIK Wfoid iqúfYaI jHdmD;ska l%shd;aul fõ'
miq.sh jir wdrïNfha§ hdmk w¾Ooaùmfha m%;sia:dmkh lrk ,o
—f;dkavukdre fCIa;% wOHk uOHia:dkh˜ iy jir wjidkfhaoS
kdj,msáfha wdrïN lsÍug kshñ; —foaY.=Ksl fjkialï wOHk
uOHia:dkh˜ › ,xlSh ffcj úúO;aj ixrlaIK lsßu Wfoid
iqúfYaI odhl;ajhla imhkq we;ehs úYajdi lruq'
2012 j¾Ifha isg Herpetological Foundation of Sri Lanka iu.
lrf.k hkakd jq kj WNhcSù úfYaI fidhd.eksu iy tu úfYaI
csj;a jkakd jq jdiia:dk wdrCId lsÍu i|yd f;dr;=re iïmdokh
lsÍu fuu jHdmD;sfha m%Odk wruqK fõ' fuu jHdmD;s ;=,ska kj
f.ïnka úfYaI 09 fofkl= fï jk úg fidhd f.k we;s w;r j|ù
.shd hehs ie,l+ f.ì úfYaIhla o kej; fidhd f.k we;' tys
m%;sM,hla f,i tu úfYaIhkag wdfõKsl jq jdiia:dk hï;dla
ÿrg wdrCId lsÍug yelsù we;'
Supporting the
Elephant
Transit
Home
f;a j.dj iy ckdjdi bosùfuka fjkajq ffcj úúO;ajfhka wkqk yqfol,djq
jk.yk hd lrkq jia 2012 oS wdrïN jqkq —jk.yk cd, .; lsÍu ;=,ska mßir
ixrlaIKh˜ jHdmD;sh yryd fï jk úg wekaodk j;=hdh wd›;j we;s fo,aj,
iy j

Our Biological Heritage
› ,xldfõ
ffcj
úúO;ajh
Prelude
m%drïNh
isxyrdc jkdka;rh
Sinharaja Rain Forest
© Dulan Ranga
Biodiversity of Sri Lanka

fyda¾gka ;ekak
Horton Plains
© Amila Chanaka
› ,xldfõ ffcjúúO;ajh
p;=rx. bfrdaIdka foaYm%sh iy YÑkaøsld úfcaisxy
ffcj úúO;ajh hkq ir,ju i,lk l,ays ñys;,fha mj;akd Ôjfha úúO;ajhhs'
wm wjg we;s jDlaI,;d i;d isjqmdjqka" fï u.ska woyia jk nj wm ieu okakd
lreKls' tfia jqj o úoHd;aul j i,lk úg ffcj úúO;ajhg fuhska u|la
Tíng .sh ks¾jpkhla mj;S' 1992 jif¾ n%iS,fha ßfhda o fckhsfrda (Rio
de Janeiro) k.rfha mej;s ñys;, iuq¿j (Earth Summit) fkdfyd;a tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a mßirh yd ixj¾Okh ms

› ,xldfõ uOHu l`ÿlrh flakaø lr .ksñka iEu foigu .,d niskd m%Odk
.x.d 103 la wm rg i;=h' tfukau rg mqrd úúO whqßka jHdma; jq mia j¾. 14
la › ,xldfjka jd¾;d fõ' fuf,i N+ úoHd;aul" ld,.=Ksl yd N+ úIu;djfha
úYd, úúO;ajhla j¾. ls'ó' 65"610 la jeks l=vd m%udKhla ;=< jHdma; ù
;sîu ksid N+ñh w;ska idfmalaIj l=vd jqj o mdßißl ,laIK w;ska iqúfYaIS
úúO;ajhla fmkajk l,dm .Kkdjlg Y%S ,xldj Wreulï lshhs' tfyhska tA tA
l,dmhg WÑ; f,i yev.eiqKq iqúfYaIS Ydl m%cdjka iy tA tA ;;a;aj yd tA tA
Ydl m%cdjkag .e,fmk f,i úfYaISlrKhg ,la jq i;a;aj m%cdjka rdYshlska o
› ,xldj fmdfydi;ah' fuu lreKq ldrKd mokï lr .ksñka › ,xldj ffcj
foaY.=Ksl l,dm 6 lg fnod olajd we; (Weerakoon & Goonatilake, 2006)' fuu
l,dm my; wdldr jk w;r tAjdfha jHdma;sh is;shu 1'1 ys oelafõ'
my; rg yd ueo rg f;;a l,dmh
úh,s l,dmh
my; rg yd ueo rg w;rueos l,dmh
l`ÿlr f;;a l,dmh
l`ÿlr w;rueos l,dmh
Y=Ial l,dmh
› ,xldj mqrd yuqjk úúO mßir moaO;s i,ld ne,sfï§ fïjd m%Odk f,i
fldgia 4 lg fjka lr ±laúh yel'
mßir moaO;sh
jkdka;r iy wdY%s; mßir moaO;s
N+ñ m%udKh ^fylaghdr&
ksj¾;k f;;a my;rg iodyß; jkdka;r 141"506
ksj¾;k Wm-l÷lr jkdka;r 68"616
ksj¾;k l÷lr jkdka;r 243"886
ksj¾;k úh,s ñY% iodyß; jkdka;r 464"076
ksj¾;k lgq le,E
.x.dOdr úh,s jkdka;r 22"435 *
;DKN+ñ ^f;;a m;k" úh

ñßÈh ll=¿jka
llal=Ügka úfYaIhla
Oziothelphusa hippocastanum
Y%S ,xldfjka fï jk úg jd¾;d jk uq¿ Ydl yd i;aj úfYaI .Kk w;s uy;ah'
tA w;=ßka f;dard.;a ðù ldKav lsysmhlg wh;a úfYaI .Kk yd wdfõKsl
úfYaI .Kk fukau bka iuyrla ldKav ms

© Gehan Rajeev © Gehan Rajeev © Gehan Rajeev
WNhÔúka
ñßÈh uiqka
› ,xldfõ ñßÈh mßir moaO;s ;=, fï jk úg iajNdúlj jd¾;d jk ^y`ÿkajd
ÿka úfYaI yer& ñßÈh u;aiH úfYaI .Kk 91 ls' bka úfYaI 50 la ^54'9]&
wdfõKsl úfYaI fõ' fuu uiqka w;ßka úfYaI 45 lg wh;a uiqka ;¾ckhg
,laj we;s njg;a úfYaI 2 la fï jk úg;a j| ù f.dia we;ehs ie,lsh yels
nj;a 2012 cd;sl r;= o;a; fmdf;a we.hSï u.ska y`ÿkdf.k we;'
Wr.hka
fyd*aukaf.a m÷re ueähd
Pseudophilautus hoffmani
úfYaI 119 lg wh;a WNh Ôúka Y%S ,xldj ;=< fï jk úg jd¾;d ù we;s w;r
thska 103 la ^86'6]& wdfõKsl úfYaI fj;s' tfiau fuu WNhÔúka wh;a .K
ie,lSfï§ Nannophrys, Lankanectus, Adenomus yd Taruga hk .Khka ›
,xldjg wdfõKslh' uE; Nd.fha isÿ flreKq m¾fhaIK u.ska wm rfÜ WNh
Ôúka ms

fuu ish¨ o;a;hka úYaf,aIkh lr neÆ úg mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh iy úfYaI
úúO;ajh ie,lSfï oS YS% ,xldj l,dmSh fukau f.da,Sh jYfhka o jeo.;a ia:dkhla
iy by< jákdlula ork nj meyeos,sh' fuu ffcj úúO;ajh iy tA ms

› ,xldfõ
mßir moaO;s
úúO;ajh
Our Biological Heritage
Chapter
mßÉfþoh
1
isxyrdc jkdka;rh
Sinharaja Rain Forest
© Dulan Ranga
Ecosystem Diversity of Sri Lanka

fyda¾gka ;ekak
Horton Plains
© Gehan Rajeev
› ,xldfõ jkdka;r iy wdY%s; mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh
p;=rx. bfrdaIdka foaYm%sh iy YÑkaøsld úfcaisxy
kq;k ixLHdf,aLk j,g wkqj › ,xldfõ jkdka;r jeiau uq¿ N+ñ m%udKfhka
29] jk w;r" úhka iys; iajNdúl jk jeiau uq¨ N+ñ m%udKfhka 22'4]
muK jk nj .kka n,d ;sfí' › ,xldfõ úúO m

iejdkd mßir moaO;s Y%S ,xldfõ uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg óg¾ 300-1000 w;r Wilska
hq;= úh,s yd w;rueÈ l,dmhkays uq,sl jYfhka ks,a., ìì, fudKrd.,
nÿ,a, wd§ m%foaYhkays jHdma;j we;' Wie;s m;kYS,S fyda w¾O-m;kYS,s
(Semi-deciduous) Ydl nyq,j we;s w;r ìï ia:rfha Wie;s ;DK Ydl me;sr
mj;s' Ydl jßkajr we;sjk .skakg Tfrd;a;= §u Wfoid >k fmd;= iys; jk
w;r tlsfklg jvd wE;ska jefâ ia:ÍNjkhla olakg fkd,efnk w;r Ydl
uia:l (Canopy) l=vd fõ' lyg" wr¿" nq¿" fk,a,s" ojq, fuu l,dmhkays m%uqL
Ydl úfYaIhka fõ'
Y%S ,xldfõ ;DK ìï uq,sl jYfhka f;;a m;k (Wet patana) úh

ñßÈh wdY%s; f;;aìï
lrÈh wdY%s; f;;aìï
.x.d yd we,fod<
ks,aj,d .Õ
Nilwala River
.xfudah
ukakdru
Mannar
© Amila Sumanapala © Dulan Ranga © Kasun Pradeepa
msgdr ;eks
› ,xldj b;d l=vd rgla jqjo N+ñfha isg uqyqo foig úysoS hk m%Odk .x.d
103 la yd tA yd ineos we,fod< rdYshlskao ieÿï,;a fõ' ffcj úúO;ajh
ixrËKfhys,d fï .x.d yd we,fod< j,ska flfrk fufyh wñ, fõ'
lka;f,a
Kanthale
.x.d yd Èh myrj,a wdY%s;j j¾Idj jeä ld,fha w;sf¾l c,h rojd .ekSug
msgdr ;eks WmldÍ jk w;r j¾Id c,h iu. tk frdka uv ;ekam;a ùfuka
fuu m%foaY j, mfia irenj jeäùu ksid j.d lghq;= ioydo b;d fhda.H fõ'
fuys we;s úfYaI;ajh jkafka jif¾ flá l,lg muKla fuu msgdr ;eksj,
c,h /§ ;sîuhs' .xj;=r md,kh lsÍu i|yd fujeks msgdr ;eks mej;Su
b;d jeo.;a fõ'
ú,a¨
j.=re jkdka;r
wdkú¨kaodj
Anvilundawa
› ,xldj ;=, iajNdúl jeõ fkd;snqko" msgdr ;eksj, c,h §¾> ld,hla
uq¿,af,a /§ ;sîu ksid we;sjk ú,aa¨ rdYshla olakg ,efí' úfYaIfhkau
.xÕd j, we;s jx.= wdY%s;j ú,aa¨ fndfyda úg oel.; yels w;r' › ,xldfõ
os.u .Õ jk uyje,s .Õ wdY%s;j ú,aa¨ fndfydauhla msysgd ;sfí'
ñßÈh wdY%s; j.=reìï
fokshdh
Deniyaya
tla /ia ù we;s fkd.eUqre c,hg wkqj¾;kh jQ Ydl m%cdjlf.ka ieÿï,;a
ñßÈh f;;aìï jkdka;r moaO;sfha wjidk ika;;s wjia:dj j.=re jkdka;r
f,i yeÈkaúh yel' j¾Ifha tla ld,hl§ uq¿ukskau ñßÈfhka jeiS mej;Suo
fïjdfha úfYaI ,ËKhls' › ,xldj ;=, ÿ¾,N f;;aìï j¾.hla jk w;r
b;d iSñ; m%foaYhla ;=, me;sr mj;sk nq,;aisxy, j,õj;a; j;=rdk j.=re
jkdka;rh fï ioyd fydou ksoiqk fõ" fydrje,a (Stemonoporus mooni) yd
iqj| (Mesua stylosa) hk Ydl fol oekg iajNdúlj yuqjk tlu ia:dkh
o fuh fõ'
fnd,af.dv
Bolgoda
fïjd ñßÈh msreKq my;a ìï m%foaY fõ' fuu ìï Rcqju .x.djlska fyda .x
j;=frka fmdaIKh ,nhs' w¾O jYfhka Èrdm;a jQ ldnksl øjHhkaf.ka fuu
N+ñh iukaú; jk w;r fïjdhska mSÜ ks¾udKh fõ' uq;=rdcfj< j.=reìu ›
,xldfõ msysgd we;s úYd,;u mSÜ ksêh f,i yÿkajdÈh yelsh'
© Gehan Rajeev © Amila Chanaka
© Amila Chanaka © www.leawo.com
.xfudah hkq .x.djla uqyqog jefgk ia:dkhhs' fuu mßir moaO;sfha
m%Odk ,ËK jkqfha ffokslj isÿjk Woï r< WÉpdjpkh c,fhys
w;rueÈ ,jK;djh hkdÈhhs' › ,xldfõ fujeks f;;aìï 45 la muK
oelsh yelsh'
l

wNHka;r ,jK ú,a¨
ú,am;a;= jfkdaoHdkh
Wilpattu National Park
© Kasun Pradeepa © Gehan Rajeev
wNHka;r ,jK ú,a¨ hkq ,jK ñY%s; fkd.eUqre je,s iys; mfika
hq;a ú,a fõ' fï ioyd jk fydou ksoiqk ú,am;a;= cd;sl jfkdaoHdkfha
msysgd we;'
jeõ" c,dY yd l=Uqre
ñksid úiska ks¾ñ; f;;aìï
jdß c,dYhla
Irrigation Reservoir
› ,xldj ;=, ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o jeõ wd§ jQ c,h
tla /ia jk ia:dkhkaf.a ixLHdj w;súYd,h' ñksid úiska ks¾ñ;
f;;aìï m%Odk jYfhka ldKav 3 lg j¾. l, yelsh fuhska m%Odk
jkqfha jeõ c,dY yd l=Uqre fõ' › ,xldj ;=, iajNdúl jeõ msysgd
fkdue;' m%Odk jdß c,dY fylaghdr 7"820 la mqrd me;sr mj;sk
w;r iq¿ mßudK jdß c,dY fylaghdr 5"250 la mqrd me;sr mj;S'
l=Uqre hkq ksYap, c,h ;djld,slj tla/iaj mj;sk ia:dkhls' fuh
lDIsld¾ñlj Ndú;djk j.=re ìuls' fï jk úg ,xldfõ ù j.dj
ioyd Ndú;djk N+ñ m%udKh o< jYfhka 977"561 ls' ñka fndfyduhla
wNHka;r my;aìï j, msysgd we;s w;r iq¿ m%udKhla wNHka;r Wia
ìï j, msysgd we;'
nqkao, l

© Dulan Ranga
nqkao, f;;aìu Bundala Wetland
fï jk úg f,dalfha f;;aìï 2123 la /ïid f;;aìï f,i kï lr we;s w;r
jeäu /ïid f;;aìï N+ñ m%udKhla we;af;a lekvdfõ jk w;r tlai;a
rdcOdksh f,dj jeäu /ïid f;;aìï m%udKhg Wreulï lshhs'
oekg › ,xldfõ f;;aìï w;ßka fylaghdr 198172 la mqrd me;sr we;s f;;aìï
6 la /ïid f;;aìï f,i kï fldgwe;'
f;;aìfï ku N+ñ m%udKh m%ldYhg m;a l, Èkh msysàu
^fylaghdr&
^Èia;%slalh&
nqkao, 6210 1990 cQks 15 yïnkaf;dg
wdkú¨kaodj 1397 2001 wf.daia;= 03 mq;a;,u
ud÷ .Õ 915 2003 foieïn¾ 11 .d,a,
fjkal,dhs 4839 2010 cQ,s 12 ukakdru
l=uk 19011 2010 Tlaf;daïn¾ 29 wïmdr
ú,am;a;= 165800 2013 fmnrjdß 02 mq;a;,u" wkqrdOmqrh
ukakdru
j.=j 1'1 › ,xldfõ /ïid f;;aìï
jdKsc fNda. j.d
Cash Crop Cultivation
© Kasun Pradeepa
› ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh
p;=rx. bfrdaIdka foaYm%sh iy pdmd yxikS
› ,xldj wE; w;S;fha mgka lDIsld¾ñl w¾: l%uhla mej;s rgla f,i ie,lsh
yels w;r rfÜ m%Odk lDIsld¾ñl ieleiau ù j.dj u; mokï ù ;sì‚' ;jo ›
,xldj Y;j¾Idêl ld,hla uq¿,af,a l=¿ nvq i|yd buy;a m%isoaêhla bisÆ nj
ft;sydisl idOl wkqj fmkShhs' ;ju;a › ,xldfõ o, cd;sl ksIamdÈ;fhka 11'1]
lg odhl jkafka lDIsl¾udka;h jk w;r rfÜ iuia: Y%u n,ldfhka 23'4] la
lDIsld¾udkaa;hg odhl ù ;sfí'
Our Biological Heritage
miq.sh Y;j¾Ih w.Nd.fha§ 25"000 la muK f.dùka úiska jd‚c fNda. jYfhka
ñßia" ¿QKq yd w¾;dm,a j.dj isÿ lrk ,§' › ,dxlsl lDIsl¾udka;h i,lk úg
jeä m%;sY;hla iukaú; jkafka fylaghdr 1 g wvq j.d ìïj, lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=
isÿlrk iq¿ mßudK fnda. fnda. j.dlrejkaf.ks'
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh
IUCN Sri Lanka and the Central Environmental Authority of Sri Lanka (2006). National-Wetland Directory of
SriLanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka.
CEA/Euroconsult (1994). Wetlands Are No Wastelands - A Manual and Strategy for Conservation and
Development of Wetlands, Wetland Conservation Project, Central Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka and
Netherlands
MOE (2012). The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Ministry of
Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. viii + 476pp
http://www.ramsar.org, 09 June 2013
lDIsld¾ñl mßir moaO;s uQ,sl jYfhka l=Uqre" f;a" fmd,a yd rn¾ jeks m%Odk
wmkhk fnda. j.dìï" fldams" fldfldajd" l=re÷ jeks iq¿ wmkhk j.dìï" m

fy,au¿ j.d l%uh Terraced paddy field
Wmßu m%fhdack ,nd.ksñka fy,au¿ l%uhgo isÿlrkq ,nhs' fyaka j.dfõ§
f.dúhka úiska f;dard.kq ,nk t

› ,xldfõ
Ôj úfYaI
úúO;ajh
Our Biological Heritage
Chapter
mßÉfþoh
2
fyda¾gka ;ekak
Horton Plains
© Gehan Rajeev
Species Diversity of Sri Lanka

Arid Zone
Dry Zone
Northern Intermediate Lowlands
Eastern Intermediate Lowlands
Northern Wet Lowlands
South of Ratnapura-Northern Sinharaja
Southern Sinharaja-Hiniduma-Kanneliya
Foothills of Adam's Peak
North of Ratanpura-Ambagamuwa
Kandy-Upper Mahaweli
Knuckles
Central Mountains
Ramboda-Nuwara Eliya
Adam's Peak
Horton Plains
chapter
2
30
rïuf,a lkao
Rammale Kanda
© Gehan Rajeev
› ,xldfõ Ydl úúO;ajh
p;=rx. bfrdaIdka foaYm%sh
is;shu 2'1 › ,xldfõ Ydl l,dm
Our Biological Heritage
› ,xldj" mqrd;kfha mgka iajNdj fi!kao¾hfha mßmQ¾K;ajh ms

ixrCIK uÜgu
úfYaI .kk
úoHd;aul kduh
jHjydr kduh cd;sl ixrCIK uÜgu
w;sYhska wka;rdhg ,lajq we;eï úg j|ù f.dia we;s (CR(PE)) 20
w;sYhska wka;rdhg ,lajQ (CR) 41
wka;rdhg ,lajQ (EN) 87
wka;rdhg ,laùug bv we;s (VU) 71
Cycas zeylanica (J.Schust.) A.Lindstr. & K.D.Hill uy uvq CR
Cycas nathorstii J.Schust. uvq VU
óg wu;rj ;j;a úfYaI 40 la ;¾ckhg ,laùug wdikak (NT) úfYaI f,i
j¾.SlrKh lr we;'
l=,h ;¾ð; úfYaI .Kk úfYaI .Kk
(Family) (Total Threatened) (Total Species)
Aspleniaceae 16 (1) 29 (2)
Athyriaceae 19 (3) 26 (5)
Blechnaceae 4 6
Cyatheaceae 7 (4) 7 (5)
Davalliaceae 3 5
Dennstaedtiaceae 4 10 (1)
Dryopteridaceae 25 (6) 31 (8)
Equisetaceae 1 1
Gleicheniaceae 0 2
Hymenophyllaceae 18 (3) 19 (3)
Hypodematiaceae 1 2
Isoetaceae 1 1
Lindsaeaceae 9 (2) 12 (2)
Lycopodiaceae 11 14
Lygodiaceae 1 3
Marattiaceae 1 2
Marsileaceae 1 2
Nephrolepidaceae 1 4
Oleandraceae 1 1
Ophioglossaceae 9 9
Osmundaceae 1 (1) 1 (1)
Polypodiaceae 22 (5) 46 (9)
Psilotaceae 1 1
Pteridaceae 13 (4) 46 (4)
Schizaeaceae 0 1
Selaginellaceae 2 (1) 9 (1)
Tectariaceae 7 (1) 12 (2)
Thelypteridaceae 21 (2) 34 (6)
isxyrdc jkdka;rfha
úhka ia:rh
Canopy Layer of Sinharaja
wdjD; îcl Ydl úúO;ajh
ñys;,h u; jvd;a iq,Nj jHdma;j mj;sk Ydl ldKavh wdjD; îcl Ydl fõ'
kq;k ixLHd f,aLk j,g wkqj ñys;,h u; wdjD; îcl Ydl 300"000 - 400"000
la w;r m%udKhla mj;sk w;r tAjd l=, 415 la hgf;a j¾. lr we;'
› ,xldj ;=,o wfkl=;a rgj,a iu. ixikaokh lsÍfïÈ jvd jeä úfYaI
úúO;ajhla ±lsh yels w;r wdfõKsl Ydl jeä m%;sY;hla jd¾;d fõ' ;jo
› ,xldfõ wdfõKsl Ydl l=, lsisjla jd¾;d fkdjk w;r wdfõKsl .K 14 la
jd¾;dfõ' ñka jeä m%;sY;hla jd¾;d jkafka ksß; yd uOHu ld,dmhka ys ùu
úfYaI ,CIKhls'
2012 r;= o;a; jd¾;djg wkqj we.hSug ,la l, Ydl l=, 186 lg wh;a foaYsh
imqIam Ydl 3"154 w;ßkaa Ydl úfYaI 1"385 ^wdikak jYfhka 44] la muK&
;¾ckhg ,la jQ úfYaI f,i ie,fla' ;jo" Strobilanthes caudata (Acanthaceae),
Blumea angustifolia (Asteraceae), Crudia zeylanica (Fabaceae), Rinorea bengalensis iy
Rinorea decora (Violaceae) hk úfYaI my kIaG jQ (Extinct) úfYaI f,i ie,flk
w;r Alphonsea hortensis (Annonaceae) and Doona ovalifolia (Dipterocarpaceae) hk
úfYaI fol jkuh kIaG (Extinct in the wild) jQ úfYaI f,i ie,fla'
l=,h ;¾ð; úfYaI .Kk úfYaI .Kk
(Family) (Total Threatened) (Total Species)
© Dulan Ranga
chapter
2
32
Our Biological Heritage
tl;=j 200 (33) 336 (49)
j.=j 2'1 › ,xldfõ m¾Kdx. Ydl l=,
^wdfõKsl úfYaI jryka ;=, olajd we;&
újD; îcl Ydl úúO;ajh
újD; îcl Ydl hkq úIu îcdKql;djh olajk M,hlska wdjrKh fkdjq îc
iys; Ydl fõ' › ,xldfõ iajNdúlj yuqjkafka foaYSh úfYaI folla muKs'
fuu úfYaI fol ihslefâisfha (Cycadaceae) l=,hg yd ihslia (Cycas) .Khg
wh;a fõ'
Poaceae 81 (13) 262 (22)
Fabaceae 72 (6) 221 (13)
Orchidaceae 130 (42) 184 (50)
Rubiaceae 74 (51) 179 (102)
Cyperaceae 62 (10) 168 (11)
Acanthaceae 40 (22) 105 (41)
Asteraceae 34 (16) 86 (29)
Malvaceae 19 (6) 71 (9)
Melastomataceae 59 (48) 71 (57)
Lamiaceae 14 (5) 70 (15)
j.=j 2'2 › ,xldfõ úYd,;u Ydl l=,
^wdfõKsl úfYaI jryka ;=, olajd we;&

› ,xldfõ ±kg jd¾;djk Ydl l=, 185 w;ßka ;DK (Poaceae) Ydl l=,h"
úYd,;u Ydl l=,h f,i ie,lsh yels w;r › ,xldfõ úYd,;u Ydl l=, 10
my; mßÈ fõ'
Ydl l=, 186 ka ish¨u úfYaI ;¾ckhg ,la ù we;s l=, 24 la yuqjk w;r
wvla fyda Bg jeä m%;sY;hla ;¾ckhg ,la jq l=, 81 la yuqfõ' fuu úfYaI
j, jHdma;sh ie,lsfï § jeäu ;¾ð; úfYaI .Kkla f;;a l,dmhg iSud ú
we;s w;r uykqjr" r;akmqr" kqjrt

Lentibulariaceae 7 (1) 15 (1)
Linaceae 1 2
Lindernaceae 5 (3) 16 (3)
Loganiacea 4 (2) 9 (4)
Loranthaceae 11 (8) 21 (11)
Lythraceae 4 16
Magnoliaceae 1 1
Malpighiaceae 1 2
Malvaceae 19 (6) 71 (9)
Marantaceae 1 3 (1)
Melastomataceae 59 (48) 71 (57)
Meliaceae 7 (2) 13 (2)
Menispermaceae 8 13
Menyanthaceae 2 4
Molluginaceae 1 6
Monimiaceae 3 (2) 3 (3)
Moraceae 8 (1) 33 (4)
Musaceae 2 2
Myristicaceae 2 (1) 4 (1)
Myrtaceae 26 (24) 56 (46)
Nelumbonaceae 0 1
Nepenthaceae 1 (1) 1 (1)
Nyctaginaceae 0 4
Nymphaeaceae 1 2
Ochnaceae 0 4 (1)
Olacaceae 2 (1) 6 (1)
Oleaceae 3 (1) 10 (1)
Onagraceae 0 5
Opiliaceae 0 2
Orchidaceae 130 (42) 184 (50)
Orobanchaceae 11 (2) 18 (3)
Oxalidaceae 2 5
Pandanaceae 3 (2) 7 (3)
Papaveraceae 0 1
Passifloraceae 1 2
Pedaliaceae 1 3
Pentaphylaceae 6 (3) 7 (3)
Phrymaceae 1 1
Phyllanthaceae 16 (9) 69 (27)
Picrodendraceae 0 1
Piperaceae 7 (1) 12 (4)
Pittosporaceae 1 2
Plantaginaceae 3 23 (2)
Plumbaginaceae 0 1
Poaceae 81 (13) 262 (22)
Podestemaceae 6 (2) 7 (2)
Polygalaceae 6 (3) 15 (4)
Polygonaceae 0 12
Pontederiaceae 0 2
Portulacaceae 1 5
Potamogetonaceae 0 3
Primulaceae 11 (4) 24 (9)
Proteaceae 1 (1) 1 (1)
Putranjivaceae 2 (1) 6 (3)
Ranunculaceae 4 (1) 7 (1)
Rhamnaceae 4 (2) 14 (3)
Rhizophoraceae 5 (1) 10 (1)
Rosaceae 5 17 (2)
Rubiaceae 74 (51) 179 (102)
Ruppiaceae 0 1
Rutaceae 7 29 (2)
Sabiaceae 2 2
Salicaceae 3 (2) 10 (4)
Salvadoraceae 0 2
Sapindaceae 6 (2) 11 (4)
Sapotaceae 5 (16) 18 (16)
Schizandraceae 21 25
Scrophulariaceae 1 1
Sentalaceae 2 (1) 3 (1)
Simaroubaceae 2 3
Smilacaceae 1 3
Solanaceae 2 11
Sphenocleaceae 0 1
Staphyleaceae 0 1
Stemonaceae 0 1
Stemonuraceae 1 3 (1)
Stylidiaceae 0 1
Surianaceae 0 1
Symplocaceae 12 (9) 13 (9)
Tamaricaceae 0 2
Tetramelaceae 0 1
Theaceae 4 (4) 5 (4)
Thymelaeaceae 1 4
Triuridaceae 2 3
Typhaceae 0 1
Ulmaceae 0 1
Urticaceae 13 27 (2)
Vahliaceae 1 1
Verbanaceae 0 2
Violaceae 3 (1) 8 (2)
Vitaceae 2 17 (3)
Xanthorrhoeaceae 0 1
Xyridaceae 2 4
Zingiberaceae 12 (8) 21 (13)
Zygophyllaceae 0 1
tl;=j 1,385 (593) 3,154 (893)
j.=j 2'3 › ,xldfõ wdjD; îcl Ydl l=,
^wdfõKsl úfYaI jryka ;=, olajd we;&
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh
MOE (2012). The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Ministry of
Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. viii + 476pp
Ashton, P.M., Gunatilleke, C.V.S., Zoyza, N., Dassanayake, M.D., Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., & Wijesundara, S. (1997). A
field guide to the common Trees and Shrubs of Sri Lanka. WHT Publications (Pvt) Ltd., Sri Lanka.
Geethakumary, M.P., Pandurangan, A.G., Santhosh Kuma, E.S. (2012). Cinnamomum litseaefolium (Lauraceae) –
A new distribution record from India.
chapter
2
36
Our Biological Heritage

© Kasun Pradeepa
weßfhda*ekaáfâ l=,fha
f.d¿fn,s úfYaIhla
Ratnadvipia irradians
› ,xldfõ fN!ñl f.d¿fn,a,ka
› ,xldj j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 65"610 lska hq;a bkaÈhdkq Wm uyoaùmhg ls'ó 25 ;rï
jq wdikakfha msysá rgls' wm Èjhsk uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg óg¾ 2500 olajd Wi ol=Kq
- uOHu l`ÿlr m%foaYhlska o" th jgd me;sreKq" uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg óg¾ 0 isg
75 olajd jq mq¿,a ksïk iys; ;eks;,djlska o ks¾ñ; jQjls' Èjhsk jgd wßh j
.,dhk .x`.d 103 lska iukaú; c,jyk moaO;shlska wm rg iukaú;h'
iuia:hla jYfhka .;a l, foaY.=Kh ksj¾;k l,dmSh jk kuq;a" j¾Idm;kfhys
iy uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg we;s Wfiys úIu;dj fya;=fldgf.k úúO foaY.=Ksl l,dm
Èjhsk mqrd ±lsh yelsh' m%Odk jYfhkau jd¾Idm;kh Wmfhda.slr .ksñka f;;a
l,dmh" úh

fy,sleßfhdksfâ l=,fha f.d¿fn,s úfYaIhla Satiella sp.
› ,xldfõ fN!ñl f.d¿fn,a,ka ms

mshqmsksfâ l=,fha f.d¿fn,s úfYaIhla Tortulosa Sp.
› ,xldfõ fN!ñl f.d¿fn,a,kaf.a jHdma;sh msdÜia l÷ jeáhg muKla .K 13 la iSud ù we;'
fufia forg ;=< muKla iSud jQ .Khka (Restricted range generas) f,i
Euplecta, Trachia, Ruthvenia, Thysanota, Corilla, Cryptozona, Mariaella, Eurychlamyd,
Beddomea, Leptopomoides, Micraaulux, Nicida yd Tortulosa ±laúh yel' wdikak
jYfhka fN!ñl f.d¨fn,a,ka f.ka 50] l wdfõKsl;ajhla yd me;sÍula
bkaÈhdfõ ngysr >dÜia l÷jeáh yd › ,xldj w;r muKla fmkakqï lrhs' ›
,xldj yd bkaÈhdfõ ngysr >dÜia l`ÿjeáhg isud fkdjq .K 48 la ,xldfõ
mj;sk w;r bka fmr i`oyka mßos › ,xldjg muKla wdfõKsl .Khka 5 ls'
fï wkqj › ,xldj yd bkaÈhdj w;r úáka úg mej;s N+ iïnkaO;d ms% f,i jdKsc j.djka i`oyd fhdod .ekSu;a fudjqkag we;s m%n,
;¾ckhka fõ' tfiau furg f;;a l,dmhg wh;a ìï w;s úYd, m%udKhla úÿ,sh
ksmoúu i|yd c,dY bÈ lsßfïÈ c,hg hg ùuo fudjqkag we;s ;j;a ;¾ckhla fõ'

uyje,s jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul ùfï§ fuu ;;ajhg wêl f,i n,mEula úh'
fujeks jHdmD;s ksid fudjqkg Ôj;a ùug b;sßj ;snQ wjidk ìï fndfydauhla
jekiS f.dia wjikah' tksid b;sß ù isák úfYaI j, jdiia:dk m%udKho
wju fjñka mj;s' fï ksid jdiia:dk úkdY úu fya;=fjka fï jkúg iuyr
úfYaI wmf.a ±kqulska f;drju fuf,dúka iyuq,skau j| ù f.dia wjikaj
we;' ks;ru úh

lSgfhla fõ' YsY= wjia:d fY%aKshlg miq wjika YsY= wjia:dj c,fhka msg;gú;a
ish nysYa iels,a, ;=,ska msg;g meñK iqyqUq,ka njg m;afõ' fudjqkaf.a lSg
wjia:d wksjd¾h c,c lSghka jk ksid m%ckkhg /iajk n;al+rka c,h
wdY%s;j w;sYhska iq,nj ±lsh yel'
ish¿ n;al+re lSghka c,laf,dau ork fyhska c,h ;=, Yajik yelshdj orhs'
fudjqka c,c mßir moaO;s j, m;af,a fyda c,c Ydl w;r jdih lrk w;r
wksjd¾h úf,damslhka fõ' iuyrla úfYaI ieÕj isg myr§fukao ;j;a
iuyfrla f.dÿre miq mi yUd hñka o f.dÿre w,a,d .ekSu isÿ lrhs'
© Gehan Rajeev
lSghkaf.a jHqyh i,lk l,ays Zygoptera Wmf.da;%h yd Anisoptera Wmf.da;%h
w;r hï hï meyeÈ,s fjkialï y÷kd.; yel' Anisoptera lSghka idfmaCIj
m

ms

Èrd.sh l|ka" úhkdjdi f,i ckmo msysgqjdf.k jdih lrhs' fuu ckmohl cSjk
pl%h m%Odk jYfhka fldgia 03 lg fnÈh yel' tAjd kï fufiah'
1' ckmoh msysgqúfï wjia:dj
2' ckmoh j¾Okh lsßfï wjia:dj
3' ckmo W;amdol wjia:dj
Dias, R. K. S., Kosgamage, K. R. K. A. and Peiris, H. A. W. S. (2012) . The Taxonomy and Conservation Status
of Ants (Order: Hymenoptera, Family: Formicidae) in Sri Lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka;
Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara Eds., Ministry of Environment,
Colombo, Sri Lanka. 11-14 pp
Wilson, E. O. and Hölldobler, B. (1998) Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration. Harvard University
Press,

› ,xldfõ isák ish¨u iuk¨ka iy zzmsïukaZZ (Skippers) l=, yhla hgf;a
j¾. fldg ±laúh yels w;r wdfõKsl iuk¨ka 26 fokd w;ßka úfYaI 9 la
Nymphalidae iy Lycaenidae l=,hg wh;a fõ' b;sß úfYaI wg" Papilionidae ^úfYaI
2& l=,hg" Pieridae ^úfYaI 2& l=,hg iy Hesperiidae ^úfYaI 4& l=,hg wh;a fõ'
flfia fj;;a iuk¨kaa ms

fï ish,a,gu wu;rj iuia: lDñ ixy;shgu ;¾ckh t,a, lrk lDIsridhk øjH yd lDñkdYl
øjH Ndú;h ms

wxYl 90 0 fldAKhlska msysgk oe,la
wxYl 40 0 - 60 0 fldAKhlska msysgk oe,la
Èú ul=¿ úfYaIhla
Poecilotheria subfusca
© Dulan Ranga
Y%S ,xldfõ ul=¿jkaf.a úúO;ajh
md,skao fmf¾rd
wmDIaGjxYS f.da;% w;ßka ñksiqka jeäu NS;shla olajk i;a;aj ldKavhla
jYfhka ul=¿jka ie,lsh yel' Tjqka lDó .Khg wh;a fõ hehs iuyrla
is;k kuq;a ul=¿jka wh;a jkafka we/laksvd j¾.hghs' fuu j¾.hg wh;a
wfkl=;a iq,n i;=ka jkafka f.daKqiaika" uelalka yd lsKs;=,a,kah'
ul=¿jka lshQ iekska wm u;lhg kef.kafka úI yd ne÷kq u;hkah' ±kg
y÷kdf.k we;s ,dxlsl ul=¿ úfYaI j,ska W.% úI iys; ul=¿jka jd¾;d fkdùu
hym;a lreKls' kuq;a wm wi,ajeis bkaÈhdj yd wfkl=;a rgj, ñksidg udrdka;sl
ul=¿ úfYaI y÷kdf.k we;' Èúul=¿jka udrdka;sl úI iys; njg ÿ¾u;hka
,dxlslhska w;r m%p,s; kuq;a" Tjqka i;H jYfhka udrdka;sl fkdfõ' Èúul=¿
oIagkhla ó ueis$fonr úIlg wdikak úI iys; nj;a › ,xldfõ tlÿ Èú ul=¿
oIagk urKhla j;a jd¾;d ù fkdue;s ùu;a fuu lreK ;yjqre lrhs'
chapter
2
56
Our Biological Heritage
we/laksvdjka nyq;rhla fN!ñl mßir moaO;s j,g wkqj¾;kh ù we;s w;r
iuyrla c,c mßir moaO;s j,oS o olakg ,efí' we/laksvdjka úlikh
jkafka b;d wE; w;S;hl§h' fmdis,lD; we/laksvdjlg idOl óg jir
ñ,shk 400 lg wdikak is¨ßhka hq.fhka (Silurian Period) jd¾;d ù ;sfí'
Platnik f.a 2011 jd¾;dj wkqj f,dalfha y÷kd.;a ul=¿ úfYaI 42"000 lg
wdikak m%udKhla we;s w;r Tjqka l=, 110 lg muK j¾.SlrKh lr we;'
;jo" fujeksu ul=¿jka úfYaI ixLHdjla ;ju;a úoHd;aulj y÷kd.ekaug
,laj fkd;sîuo iqúfYaIS ldrKhls' › ,xldfõ jd¾;d.; yd y÷kd.;a ul=¿
úfYaI .Kk 501 la jk w;r fudjqka l=, 48 la ksfhdackh lrhs' thska úfYaI
256 la › ,xldjg wdfõKsl nj 2012 cd;sl r;= o;a; fmdf;a jd¾;d fmkajd
fohs' kuq;a fuu ixLHdj ;j;a úYd, .Kklska jeä úh yels nj úfYaI{
u;hhs'
ul=¿jka ,xldfõ ish¨u mßir moaO;s j,g WÑ; f,i wkqj¾;kh ù we;'
;jo tu f.da;%hg wh;a úfYaI folla fyda lsysmhla w;r ;rÕldÍ nj wju
lsÍug iqúfYaIS wkqj¾;k olajhs' WodyrKhla f,i iudldr ±,a úhkakka
tlsfkld w;r ;rÕh wju lsÍug ±,;a N+ñh;a w;r fldaKh fjkia jk
fia ±,a ne`§u isÿ lrhs' fuhska tu ul=¿jkA yg wiqjk lDñ i;=ka yd;amiska
fjkia fõ'
È.= yeä ul=¿ úfYaIhla Hersilia savignyi
ul=¿jka iqúfYaIS wkqj¾;k olajk i;a;aj fldÜGdYhls' fõYdka;rKh
(Camouflage) hkq fujeks wmq¾j;u wkqj¾;k w;r lemS fmfkk wkqj¾;khls'
wfkl=;a i;=ka" Ydl fldgia fyda ndysr mßirfha yevhkag iudk f,i wkqj¾;kh
úh yels ul=¿ úfYaI lsysmhlau › ,xldfõ ±l.; yel' fuhska l=yqUq
ul=¿jka (Ant Spiders), È.= yeä ul=¿jka (Two tail spiders), fgÜg%.ake;d ul=¿jka
(Tetragnatha spiders) yd ll=¿ ul=¿jka (Crab spiders) iqúfYaI fõ' l=yqUq ul=¿jka
Èñhka yd lähka we;=¿j úúO l=yqUq úfYaI wkqj¾;kh lrk w;r l=yqUqjka
;u iam¾Yl (Antenna) p,kh lrk f,i ;u m%:u mdo hq.,h p,kh lrhs'
fuhska jk uq,sl m%fhdackh kï l=yqUqjka wdydrhg fkd.kakd úf,damslhskaf.
ka fuu ul=¿jkag o wdrlaIdj ie,iSuhs' È.= yeä ul=¿jdg yd fgÜg%.ake;d
ul=¿jka ;u Yßrh Wka jdih lrk Ydl nf`oys fldgig iudka;rj ;nd.eksu
yd fmkqfuka Bg iudk meyehla .ekSu ksid ndysr mßirh iu. uekúka uqiq fõ'
fuhska iqúfYaI f,i fõYdka;rKh jk ul=¿jd yg úf,damslhskaf.ka jk ydks
© Tharindhu Ranasinghe

ll=¿ ul=¿ úfYaIhla
Thomisus spectabilis
wju fõ' iuyr ll=¿ ul=¿jka (Crab spiders) ;uka isák mßirhg iudk jk
f,i j¾K fjkia lsßug yels jk ksid wksla i;=kag fkdfmfkk f,i f.dÿre
w,a,d .ekSug myiq fõ'
ul=¿jka w;ßka wkqj¾;kh wkqj iqúfYaIS jk ;j;a ldKavhla jkafka mskqï
ul=¿jkah' fudjqka yg j¾K y`ÿkd .ekSug fyd`o yelshdjla we;s w;r ;%sudK
±lau yd w`ÿf¾ fmkquo (Night vision) by< uÜgul we;' › ,xldfõ ieu
mßir moaO;shlu b;d úfYaI f,i úlikh ù we;s fuu ul=¿ úfYaI ›
,xldfõ uq¿ ul=¿ úfYaI .Kfkka 1/3 lg wdikak m%udKhla fõ' Tjqkag
;u Yßrfha m%udKh fuka 30 .=Khl ÿrlg mjd mekSug yelsùu ksid mskqï
ul=¿jka w;s olaI ovhïlrejka fõ'
idudkH ul=¿jka yd Èúul=¿jka fjkia fldg ±laùug Tjqkaf.a o< msysgk
wdldrh Wmfhda.S lr.; yel' o< msysgk wdldrfhka Mygalomorph ^Èú
ul=¿jkao wh;a mqrd;k ul=¿jka fldÜGdYhls& ul=¿jka Aranomorph
^uE;ld,Skj úlikh jQ ul=¿jka& ul=¿jka f.ka meyeos,sj fjkia fõ'
Mygalomorph ul=¿jka f.a o, msysgkafka Wv isg my

úfYaI › ,xldfõ jHdma;sh ;¾ck yd ne¢ lreKq
Poecilotheria fasciata
fld

© Gehan Rajeev
llal=Ügka úfYaIhla Oziothelphusa hippocastanum
Èia;%slalfha mkdfmd," fmd;=msáh" ud;r Èia;%slalfha hï ia:dk j," fmdf

.Kh
úfYaI .Kk
Ceylonthelphusa Bott 1961 16
Clinthelphusa Ng & Tay 2001 01
Mahatha Ng & Tay 2001 06
Oziotelphusa Müller 1887 10
Pastilla Ng & Tay 2001 01
Perbrinckia bott 1969 15
Spiralothelphusa bott 1968 02
© Dulan Ranga
llal=Ügka úfYaIhla perbrinckia rosae
wm rfgys fjfik ish¨u i;H ñßÈh llal=Ügka Gecarcinucidae l=,hg (Family)
wh;a fõ' úfYaI 51 l iy .K (Genera) 7 lg fnod fjka lr we;'
by; tAl úfYaISh .K (Monotypic Genera) f,i Clinothelphusa, Pastilla ±laúh
yelsh' Ceylonthelphusa, Mahatha, Perbrinckia .K ;=k o we;=% ixj¾Okh
Wfoid wm rgg wysñ jk f;;a l,dmSh yd l÷lr jkdka;r moaO;sh f.ù .sh
jir 35 ;=,§ uyd mßudK c,dY" uyd ud¾." bvï lÜá lsÍu" lDIsl¾uh"
ksjdi bÈlsÍu wd§ lreKq fya;= fldg f.k úkdY fjñka mj;S' fï mßir
ydkshg uQ,sl ù we;af;a ñksidf.a fkdyslauqKq wdYdjka fõ'
lDIsl¾udka;h Wfoid jirlg fndfyda jkdka;r bvï t

Beenaerts, N, R. Pethiyagoda, P. L. K. Ng, D. C. J. Yeo, G. J, Bex, M.M. Bahir and T Artois., (2010).
Phyliogenetic diversity of Sri Lankan freshwater crabs and its implications for Conservation. Molecular Ecology,
19: 183-196.
Bierregaard, R.O., C. Gascon, T. E. Lovejoy & R. Masquita, 2001. Lessons from Amazonia: the ecology and
conservation of a fragmented forest. Yale University Press, New Haven . 478 pp.
Bossuyt, F., M. Meegaskumbura, N. Beenaerts, D. J. Gower, R. Pethiyagoda, K. Roelants, A. Mannaert, M.
Wilkinson, M. M. Bahir, K. Manamendra-Arachchi, P.K.L. within the western Ghats-Sri Lanka Biodiversity
Hotspot. Science, 306: 479-481
Bott, R., 1970. Die Subwasserkrabben von Ceylon. Ariv for Zoologi, 22: 627-640.
Brook, B.W., N. S. Sodhi, & P. K. L. Ng, 2003. Catastrophic extinctions follow deforestation in Singapore.
Nature, 424: 420-423.
Cincotta, R.P., J. Wisnewski & R. Engelman, 2000. Human populations in the biodiversity hotspots. Nature,
404: 990-992.
Dassanayake, M. D., F. R. Fossberg & W. D. Clayton (eds.), 1980-2004. A revised handbook to the flora of
Ceylon. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi. 15 vols.
Fernando, C. H., 1960. The Ceylonese Freshwater Crabs (Potamonidae). Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological
Sciences) 3(2): 191-222.
Ferraz, G., G J. Russel, P. C. Stouffer, R. O. Bierregaard, S. L. Pimm. & T. E. Lovejoy, 2003. Rates of species
loss from Amazonian forest fragments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100: 14069-14073.
Gunawardena, E. R. N., U. Rajapakshe, K. A. Nandasena, & P. T. W. Rosier, 1998. Water quality issues in the
uplands of Sri Lanka. In: Gunasena, H.P.M. (ed.), Proceedings of the final workshop: University of Peradeniya
- Oxford Forestry Institute Link Project. Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. Peradeniya, Peradeniya. Pp. 37-44.
Hewawasam, T., F. von Blanckenburg, M, Schaller & P. Kubik, 2003, Increase of human over natural erosion
rates in tropical highlands constrained by cosmogenic nuclides. Geology, 31 : 597-600.
Manamendra-Arachchi, K., & R. Pethiyagoda, 2005. The Sri Lankan shrub-frogs of the genus Philautus Gistel,
1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species. In: Yeo, D. C. J., P. K. L. Ng & R.
Pethiyagoda (eds.), ontributions to biodiversity exploration and research in Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of
Zoology. Supplement No. 12: 5-145.
Ng, P. K. L., 1988. The freshwater crabs of peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Department Zoology, National
University of Singapore. viii+156 pp., 4 pls.
Ng. P. K. L., 1994. A note on the freshwater crabs of the genus Spiralothelphusa Bott, 1968 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Brachyura: Paratheiphusidae), with description of a new species from Sri Lanka. Journal South
Asian Natural Hostory, 1: 27-30.
Ng, P. K. L., 1995a. A revision of the Sri Lankan montane crabs of the genus Perbrinckia Bott, 1969 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Journal South Asian Natural History, 1: 129-174.
Ng, P. K. L. 1995b. Ceylonthelphusa scansor, a new species of tree-climbing crab from Sinharaja Forest in Sri
Lanka (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae). Journal South Asian Natural History, 1: 175-184.
Ng, P. K. L. & W. M. Tay, 2001. The freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parathelphusidae).
Zeylanica, 6: 113-199.
Pethiyagoda, R., 1994. Threats to the indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their
conservation. Hydrobiologia, 285: 189-201
Wv y|hd
Aplocheilus dayi
© Gehan Rajeev
Y%S ,xldfõ ñßÈh uiqkaf.a úúO;ajh
;drl uq;=kdhl iy ÿIdka uq;=kdhl
u;aiHhska hkq c,fha jdih lrk" fld÷ weg fm,la iys;" jr,a u.ska msyskd hk"
p,;dmS ^mßir WIaK;ajh u; foay WIaK;ajh fjkia lr .kakd&" c,laf,dau
u.ska ndysr mßirfha ^c,fha& we;s Tlaiscka Yajikh i|yd fhdod .kakd i;aj
ldKavhls' f,dj mqrd we;s ish¿ lrosh" ñßosh yd lsjq,aosh mßir moaO;sj, yuqjk
fudjqka c,c mßirhg b;d id¾:l f,i wkqj¾;kh ù we;s f,dj Ôj;a jk fld÷
weg fm,la iys; i;=ka w;ßka jeäu m%;sY;hlg ysñlï lshk uiqka" óg jir
ñ,shk 530 lg muK fmr mßKduh jQjd hehs ie,flaa'
Our Biological Heritage
Rathbun, M. J., 1904. Les crabs d'eau douce. Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle. Paris, (4)6:
225-312.
Roux, J., 1915. Sur les Potamoiden qui habitant l'ile Ceylan. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 23(i): 361-383.
Schaefer, D. 1998. Climate change in Sri Lanka? Statistical analyses of long-term temperature and rainfall
records. In: Domroes, M. & Roth, H. (eds.), Sri Lanka: past and present - Archaeology, geography, economics
- selected papers on German research. Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim. Pp. 103-117.
Stuart, S., J. S. Chanson, N. A. Cox, B. E. Young, A. S. L. Rodrigues, D. L. Fischman & R. W. Waller, 2004.
Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide. Science, 306: 1783-1786.
Meegaskumbura, M., K. Manamendra - Arachchi, G. Bowatte, and S. Meegaskumbura, 2012. Rediscovery
of Pseudophilautus semiruber, a diminutive shrub frog (Rhacophoridae: Pseudophilautus) from Sri Lanka.
Zootaxa, 3229, 58-68.
Wickramasinghe, L. J., M., D. R. Vidanapathirana., N. Wickramasinghe, 2012. Back from the dead: The
world's rerest toad Adenomus kandianus re discovered in Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 3347 : 63-68
Wickramasinghe, L. J., M., D. R. Vidanapathirana., S. Ariyarathne, G Rajeev, A Chanka, J Pastorini, G
Chathuranga, N. Wickramasinghe 2013. Lost and Found:One of the world’s most elusive amphibians,
Pseudophilautus stellatus (Kelaart 1853)rediscovered. Zootaxa 3620 (1) : 112-128
j¾;udkfha Ôj;a jk uiqka m%Odk jYfhka j¾. ;=klg j¾.SlrKh l, yels tAjd
kï" ykq rys; uiqka (Jawless fish – Class Agnatha), ldáf,ac uiqka (Cartilaginous
fish – Class Chondricthyes) iy wiaÓl uiqka (Bony fish – Class Osteicthyes) hk
j¾.hs' fï w;ßka ñßosh uiqka ish,a, wiaÓl uiqka fõ'
u;aiHhska f,dj my< jQ m

Pethiyagoda 1991 jd¾;djg wkqj › ,xldfõ m%Odk .xÕdj, iuiA: os. jk ls'
ñ' 4500 muK m%foaYhla mqrd ñßosh uiqka jdiia:dk .; ù we;' osjhsk mqrd
jHdma;j mj;sk fuu .xÕd yd we< fod< yereKq úg jeõ".x.d ksïk" fmdl=Kq"
ú,a¨ iy l=Uqre rdYshla ñßosh uiqkag ;u jdiia:dk ilid fohs (Pethiyagoda
1991).
1982 oS fiakdkdhl iy fudah,a úiska ñßosh uiqkaf.a fuu jHdma;s rgdj u;
mokï jQ m%Odk u;aiH úoHd;aul l,dm 4 la y÷kajd fok ,oS' tu l,dm jkqfha
ksß; os. l,dmh" uyje,s l,dmh" úh

ñßosh uiqka ixrCIKh lsÍug f.k we;s l%shd ud¾.
1' kS;suh /ljrKh ,nd oSu
2' ;¾ckhg ,la jQ uiqka wNsckkh lsÍu
3' ;¾ckhg ,la jQ uiqka nyq,j fjfik m%foaY wdrCIs; l,dm f,i kï lsÍu
4' ;¾ckhg ,laj we;s úfYaI úêu;a f,i kj jdiia:dkj,g y÷kajd oSu
tkuq;a › ,xldfõ fjfik ñßosh uiqkaf.ka yß wvlg;a jvd j|ùhdfï
;¾ckhg uqyqKmEfuka fmkS hkafka fuu wdrCIs; l%fudamdhka Tjqka ixrCIKh
lr .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a fkdjk njhs' › ,xldjg wdfõKsl iy ;¾ckhg
,la jQ uiqka nyq,ju oel.; yelafla f;;a l,dmh ;=,h' tkuq;a › ,xldfõ
wdrCIs; l,dm cd,fhka f;;a l,dmh ;=< msysgd we;af;a 10] lg;a jvd
wvq m%udKhls' tneúka ;¾ckhg ,la jQ wdfõKsl uiqkaf.ka jeä m%udKhla
oel.; yelafla wdrCIs; cd,fhka msg; jk w;r fuu m%foaY wdY%s;j isÿjk
úúO l%shdldrlï ksid Tjqkaf.a jdiia:dk oeä f,i ydhkhg ,la j we;'
› ,xldfõ ñßosh uiqkaf.ka 50] lg wdikak m%;sY;hla ;¾ckhg ,laùug
m%Odk fya;=j jkafka fuhhs' fï ksid ñßosh uiqkaf.a jdiia:dk iqrCIs; lsßu
Tjqka ixrCIKh lsrSfï m%Odk l%shdud¾.hla f,i ye¢kaúh yel' óg wu;rj
oSm jHdma;j isÿlrk l%uj;a m¾fhaIK ;=

uQßf.a m÷re ueähd
Philautus mooreorum
© Menan Jayarathna
Y%S ,xldfõ WNhÔù úúO;ajh
wñ, m%ikak iqukmd,
WNhÔùka hkq weï*sìhd (Amphibia) j¾.hg wh;a p, ;dmS ^tkï mßir
WIaK;ajh u; YÍr WIaK;ajh úp,h jk& mDIaGjxYS i;a;aj ldKavhls' WNh
Ôùka hk mofhka weÕfjk mßÈ fudjqka ish Ôjk pl%h ;=, wjia:d foll
oaú;aj ðú;hla .; lrhs' uq,a wjia:djka ys § c,fha fyda c,Sh udOHhl jik
c,h ;=, Yajikh lsÍug wjYH c,laf,dau iys; lSghl= ^fmdÿ jHjydrfha
fndfydaúg biaf.ähka fyda tadpoles& f,i;a miqj rEmdka;rKh isÿlr
f.dvìu jik c,laf,dau rys; ^nyq;r wjia:dj,& iqyqUq,l= f,i;a fudjqkaf.a
Ôjk pl%fha m%Odk wjê folls'
ish¿ mßK; WNhÔùka idfmalaIj f;;a isks÷ iula ork w;r th Yajikhg
Wmfhda.S lr.kS' tfiau fmky¿ yd uqLfha we;=,a wdia;rfhkao Yajikh lsÍug
fudjqka iu;ah' fndfyduhla WNh Ôùka by; Yajik l%u ;=ku Ndú;d lrk
w;r Yajikh i`oyd fmky¿ Ndõ;d fkdlrk fmky¿ rys; tlu WNhÔùhd
f,i bkaÿkSishdfjka jd¾;d jk Barbourula kalimantanensis úfYaIh ie

f.dryeä m÷re ueähd Pseudophilautus schmarda
jdiia:dk" jHdma;sh yd yeisÍu wkqj › ,dxlSh WNh Ôùka úYd, úúO;ajhla
fmkakqï lrhs' iuyrla úfYaI rg mqrd úúO mßir moaO;s j, iq,N jHdma;shla
olajk w;r ^Wod( f.hs f.ïnd& iuyrla úfYaI ia:dkSh wdfõKsl;ajhla tkï
uq¿ rfÜu hï ksYaÑ; tla ia:dkhl fyda l=vd m%foaYhl muKla u yuqùula
olajhs' ^Wod ( .s,Suf,a jk rËs;fha j¾. lsf,da ógr 5 l muK m%foaYhla ;=,
muKla fï jk f;la jd¾;d ù we;s uE;loS y÷kd.;a rkaje,a,f.a w`. .ia
ueähd fyj;a Polypedates ranwellai úfYaIh&
;j;a iuyr úfYaI ;u jdiia:dkh ms

fuu wjodkï iys; ;;ajh yd wm rfÜ WNh Ôùkaf.a úúO;ajfha yd ffcùh
ls%hdjkaf.a we;s iqúfYaIS ,laIK ksid Tjqka ms

;s%wx.=,s i¾m ySr¨jd Nessia burtonii
wm rfÜ jd¾;d jk Wr. úfYaI 211" .K 74 lg fnod j¾.SlrKh flf¾'
fï w;ßka .K 11 lau wm rgg wdfõKsl fõ' tA w;r isõ md Wr.hska jk
wx lgqiaika wh;a Ceratophora .Kh" úúO yslk¨ka j¾. wh;a jk Nessia,
Chalcidoseps, Lankascincus .Khka" .eg fydUq lgqiaika wh;a Lyriocephalus
.Kh yd l=re fndaos,suka wh;a Cophotis .Kh fõ' i¾mhska wh;a .K w;ßka
ueä,a,ka wh;a Aspidura .Kh" r;a lrj,d wh;a Haplocercus .Kh" odr
lrj,d wh;a Cercaspis .Kh" u,a lrj,d wh;a Balanophis .Kh iy lK
W,a,ka wh;a Pseudotyphlops .Kh o wdfõKsl fõ'
kuq;a Wr.hska iïnkaO fuu j¾.SlrKhka úfYaIfhkau by< ;lafidak uÜgï
(taxonomic levels)" tkï l=," f.da;% wdosfha uE; Nd.fha fndfyda fihska fjkia
lï j,g ,la úh' th bosßhg;a úúO fjkia lï j,g ,la jkjdg iel ke;'
tfiau by; i|yka jqkq jd¾;d.; Wr. úfYaI 211 g wu;rj úoHd;aulj
y÷kd fkd.;a iy fï jk úg úoHd;aulj úia;r lrñka mj;akd Wr.hka o
.Kkdjla wm ráka yuq ù we;'
o,j ueä,a,d Aspidura trachyprocta
wm ráka jd¾;d jk isõmd Wr.hska w;r lsUq,ka úfYaI 2 la" bínka úfYaI
3 la" leianEjka úfYaI 5 la" lgqiaika úfYaI 18 la" tla fndaos,suka úfYaIhla"
m`¥re lgqiaika úfYaI 2 la" islk¨ka úfYaI 32 la" yQkka úfYaI 43 la yd
f.dhka úfYaI 2la f,i úfYaI 108ls' wfkla Wr. úfYaI 103 i¾mhka fõ'
Wr.hska fndfyda mßir moaO;s j, jHdma; ùug yelshdjla olajhs' b;d YS;
m%foaY yerekq fldg wka ish¨ fN!ñl mßir j, › ,xldj mqrd Wr. úfYaI
oel.; yel' b;d by< l÷lr fmfoia j, jd¾;d jkqfha iSñ; Wr.hska
.Kkla muKls' o,j ueä,a,d fyj;a Aspidura trachyprocta fuf,i › ,xldfõ
by< l÷lrhkays jd¾;d jk tla i¾m úfYaIhls' wdfõKsl úfYaI ie,lSfï oS
TjQka m%Odkj rfÜ f;;a l,dmhg iSud fõ' tA w;ßka o my; rg f;;a l,dmh"
rlajdk l÷ jeáh" kl,aia l÷ jeáh yd uOHu l÷lrfha uOH m%foaYhka
© Gehan Rajeev © Dulan Ranga
^Y%S mdo yd msÿre;,d., l÷jeá& hk m%foaY tA tA m%foaY j,g iSud jQ Wr.hska
f.ka iukaú; fõ' WodyrKhka f,i fm;s wx lgqiaid (Ceratophora tennentii),
ÿïnr l=re lgqiaid (Cophotis dumbara), p;%dx.=,s i¾mSh yslk,d (Chalcidoseps
thwaitsi), iañ;a f.a i¾m ySr¨jd (Nessia bipes) hk úfYaI kl,aia l÷lrhg o"
l=re fndaos,sud (Cophotis zeylanica), Y%S mdo ,la ySr¨jd (Lankascincus sripadensis) yd
uqkskaøodif.a ,la ySr¨jd (Lankascincus munindradasai) hk úfYaI uOHu l÷lrfha
Y%S mdo yd msÿre;,d., l÷jeá j,g o wdfõKsl h' rlajdk l÷ jeáhg wdfõKsl
Wr.hska w;r w¾v,ks f.a wx lgqiaid (Ceratophora erdeleni), lrE f.a wx lgqiaid
(Ceratophora karu), o is,ajd f.a lgqiaid (Calotes desilvai) hk úfYaI jk w;r r¿ wx
lgqiaid (Ceratophora aspera) iy .eg fydUq lgqiaid (Lyriocephalus scutatus) my;
rg f;;a l,dmhg wdfõKsl;ajhla fmkajhs'
iuqø l,dmh i,lk úg Y%S ,xldj jgd fjr< ;Srfhka yhsfv%d*sfâ (Hydrophiidae)
l=,hg wh;a uqyqÿ i¾mhska úfYaI 15 la jd¾;d ù we;' tfiau l,mq " .x fudah"
lfvd,dk jeks lrosh" lsjq,aosh mßir moaO;s j,ska l=Kq osh l`Mjd (Cerberus
rynchops), fros khd (Acrochordus granulatus) iy lfvd,dk osh nßhd fyj;a
fm%fjdiañ f.a osh nßhd (Gerarda prevostiana) jeks úfYaI yuq fõ' › ,xldfõ iEu
osYdjlu mdfya we;s fjr< ;Srhkag leianEjqka ì;a;r oeóu i`oyd meñfKa' f,dj
jd¾;d jk leianE úfYaI 8 ka 5 lau fuf,i wm rfÜ fjr< ;Srhkaf.ka jd¾;d
fõ' flfia jqj o leianEjqka nyq,ju jd¾;d jkafka Y%S ,xldfõ ksß; os." ol=Kq"
.sKsfldk os. yd jhU os. fjr< ;Srhka j,h'
je,s fmd

úI iys; ùu ksid we;s wk;=re odhl nj fya;=fjka ñksiqka úiska by; i¾mhska
úfYaI fukau fkdoekqj;a nj yd wksh; NS;sh ksid wfkl=;a fndfyduhla
i¾mhska o urd oeóug ,lafj;s' fuh Y%S ,xldfõ i¾mhska g we;s m%Odk
;¾ckhls' i¾mhska yereKq úg wfkla Wr.hska f.ka nyq;rhla iïnkaOj
o fndfyda ,dxlslhka w;r we;af;a m%sh ckl ye.Sula fkdfõ' tfyhska tu
u;hka fuu i;=kag ;¾ckhla jk wjia:d we;' Y%S ,xldj ;=< fndfyduhla
Wr.hska wdydr msKsi .ekSu isÿ fkdjQj o ;,f.dhska" bínka yd leianEjqka
fuka u iuyr wjia;d j, oS lsUq,ka o wdydr msKsi .kakd wjia;d we;' fï
w;r ;,f.dhska Y%S ,xldfõ úh

› ,xld uhs,f.dhd
Columba torringtoni
© Gehan Rajeev
Y%S ,xldfõ mËSkaf.a úúO;ajh
wñ, m%ikak iqukmd,
mËSka hkq fldhs ldf.a;a wjOdkhg md;% jk j¾Kj;a" l%shdldÍ Ôùka
lKavdhuls' úoHd;aulj wdfõia (Aves) j¾.hg wh;a fudjqka fld÷ weg fm

msg ;U, jkniaid Glaucidium castanonotum
› ,xldj ;=, jiñka ì;a;r oud megjqka we;s±ä lr.kakd tkï iqjeÈ
ksjeishka (Breeding Residents) jk mËSka úfYaI 240 ls' fuu mËSka w;=ßka
úfYaI 27 la wm rfÜ muKla iajdNdúlj jik wdfõKsl úfYaIhka fõ'
;j;a mËS úfYaI 6 la wm rgg wdfõKsl njg fhdackd ù we;s w;r fudjqka
fhdað; wdfõKsl (Proposed Endemic) mËSka f,i kï flf¾' ^flfia fj;;a
iuyrla úoaj;=ka fuu úfYaI 6 o wdfõKsl f,i ms

wm rfÜ yuqjk iuyr mËS úfYaI j, me;sÍu fuu tla tla l,dmhg iSud
ù we;' › ,xldjg wdfõKsl jk fndfyda mËSka my; rg" ueo rg yd l÷lr
f;;a l,dm j,g iSud jk w;r bka iuyrla l÷lr l,dmfha muKlau jd¾;d
fõ' › ,xld w÷re ks,a ueisudrd $ › ,xld wkq-ueisudrd (Eumyias sordidus)
› ,xld wrx.hd $ › ,xld Wrejka ;srdislhd (Myophonus blighi), › ,xld
jk/úhd (Bradypterus palliseri) tfiau rkamd ngf.dhd (Treron phoenicopterus),
;s;a Wiaijgqjd$;s;a jgql=l=

© Gehan Rajeev
ß

uy wia,dvï jjq,d Rhinolophus beddomei
hg;a úð; iufha isÿjQ úYd, jk ydhkh yd j.d ìï we;s lsÍu ksid b;d
±ä f,i j| ù hdfï ;¾ckhg ,lajq úfYaIhla f,i l=vd yïndjd (Small flying
squirrel) ye`Èkaúh yels w;r fuu úfYaIfha jHdma;sh ms% f,i j.dìï we;s lsÍfï m%;sM,hla wkqj ±ä f,i j|ù hdfï ;¾ckhg
,laj we;s ;j;a úfYaIhla f,ig ú,a uqjd (Hog deer-Axis porcinus) ye`oskaúh
yel' fuu i;a;aj úfYaIh .sx .`. yd fnka;r .`. w;r msysá mgq ìï ;Srejl
iSud iys; jHdma;shla fmkajhs' miq.sh ld,fha we;sl< oËsK wêfõ.S ud¾.
jHdmD;sh hgf;a fuu i;a;ajhdf.a .yKh folv ù we;s w;r tu jHdmD;sfhaoS
isÿ jQ jk ydhkh ksid fuu i;a;ajhskaf.a jdiia:dk jq l=vd l÷ .eg yd
jkdka;r l=Üá /ila úkdY úh' ;jo m%foaYfha we;s l=re`ÿ j.djkag isÿjk
ydksh ksid ;=jlal=" W.=,a yd ukao Ndú;d lr fuu i;=ka urKhg m;a lsÍuo
fudjqkaf.a meje;aug we;s m%Odk ;¾ckhls'
ngysr l¿ j`ÿrd Semnopithecus vetulus nestor
© Dulan Ranga © Gayan Edirisinghe
wdishd;sl w,shd Elephas maximus
› ,xldfõ OchOdß ËSrmdhs úfYaIhla f,i ye`Èkafjk wdishd;sl w,shd (Elephas
maximus) o fuf,i ;¾ckhg ,lajQ ;j;a i;ajfhls' jkdka;r úkdY lsÍu"
wkjir mÈxÑ ùï yuqfõ fuu i;=kag ysñ jdiia:dk Èfkka Èk wvqùu ksid w,s
ñksia .egqu Èfkka Èk W.%fjñka mj;S' furg Èú f.jk jk w,s ixLHdfõ hï lsis
j¾Okhla olakg we;;a furg yuqjk o< we;=kaf.a ixLHdj b;d iS>%fhka my<
hñka mj;S' Bg fya;= ù we;af;a we;a o< ,nd .ekSu msKsi o< we;=ka ovhï lsÍuhs'
fufia o< iys; msßñ i;=ka w,s .yKfhka bj;a ùu ksid o< we;s ùug n,mdk
cdk ,laIK wod, .yKfhka bj;a ùu isÿfõ' fï ksid o< iys; we;=ka jkdka;r
;=,u ixrlaIKh lsÍu w,s we;=kaf.a meje;aug b;d jeo.;ah'
uqyqÿ W!rd Dugong dugon
kS;s úfrdaë f,i we;eï uiqka urkakka úiska ovhï lsÍu ksid furáka ;=rkaj
hk iuqø ËSrmdhska úfYaIhla f,i uqyqÿ W!rd ye`Èkaúh yel' b;d fiñka .uka
lrk fuu i;=kaf.a jdiia:dkh jkafka uqyqÿ ;DK nyq," fkd.eUqre id.r m;a,hs'
kS;s úfrdaë ovhï lrejkag myiqfjka f.dÿrla ùu ksid fuu i;=ka b;d iS>%fhka
furáka j|ù hñka mj;S' ±kg ukakdru we;=¿ W;=re uqyqÿ ;Srfha we;eï ia:dk
lsysmhlg muKla isud ù isák fuu i;=kaf.a ixrlaIKh i`oyd l%shdud¾.
fkd.;fyd;a b;d kqÿf¾oSu fudjqka furáka ;=rka ù hdu j

w¿ WKymq¨jd Loris lydekkerianus nordicus
© Gehan Rajeev
chapter
2
wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh
92
o~q f,akd Ratufa macroura
MOE 2012. The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Ministry of
Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. viii + 476pp
Nanayakkara, P. N., Vishvanath, N. & Kusuminda, T. G. T. (2012) Re-discovery of Pouch bearing sheath tailed
bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus Temminck (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) from Sri Lanka after 75 years. Asian
Journal of Conservation Biology, December 2012. Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 134 –137.
Phillips, W. W. A. (1980). Manual of the mammals of Sri Lanka. Wildlife and Nature Protection Society of Sri
Lanka (Part - I / II / III).
Weerakoon, D. K. (2012). The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Mammals in Sri Lanka. In: The National
Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K. & S. Wijesundara
Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 134-137 pp.
Our Biological Heritage
f.k we;;a" kd.ÍlrKh yd udkj l%shdldrlï yuqfõ fld

› ,xldfõ
ffcj úúO;aj
ixrËKh
Our Biological Heritage
Chapter
mßÉfþoh
3
ysñÈß fmfoi" fokshdh f
Morning Side, dseniyaya
© Dulan Ranga
Biodiversity Conservation of Sri Lanka

jkdka;r lv ùu
Forest Fragmentation
© Gehan Rajeev
Y%S ,xldfõ ffcj úúO;aj ixrËKh
Wuhx.d iQßhwdrÉÑ iy ;ukaoÍ m;srK
› ,xldfõ ffcj úúO;ajfha wkd.; meje;au ;¾ckhg ,la ùug ñksid úiska
isÿ lrkakd jQ úúO wksh; ls%hdldrlï n,md we;' fï w;r jdiia:dk wysñ
ùu$len,s ùu$tAjdfha .=Kd;aul fjkiaùï" wê mßfNdackh iy kS;s úfrdaë
Ndú;hka" wd.ka;=l wdl%uKYS,S úfYaI j, jHdma;sh" mßir ¥IKh wdÈh m%uqL
fõ'
Ôùkaf.a iajNdúl jdiia:dk wysñ ùu, ffcj úúO;ajh ydhkh ùu flfrys
n,mdk idOl w;r m%uqL;u ;ekla .kakd w;r udkj ls%hdldrlï fï i`oyd
uQ,slju odhl fõ' wd¾Ól yd iudÔh ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s ksid jkdka;r t

ksrdjrKh ùfuka b,lal Ôùka jk mgl §¾> ld,hla mqrd
úkdY fkdù iajNdúl mßirh ;=, mej;Su ksid mi yd c,h ¥IKh ùfuka §¾>
ld,Skj wys;lr m%;sM, Wod lrkq we;' fuu øjH j, we;s ;j;a ;¾ckhla
kï ffcj idkaøKhg ,la ùuhs' tkï fïjd Ôùka ;=,g we;=,a jQ úg wdydr odu
Tiafia .uka lrñka wdydr odu j, by< mqrela j, mj;sk Ôùka ;=, idkaø .;
fõ' fuh tu Ôùkag fukau Tjqka f.dÿre lr.kakd úf,damslhkag o ydks odhl
m%;sM, ,`.d lrkq we;'
Èúhd Panthera pardus
› ,xldfõ ffcj úúO;ajh uqyqK fok ;j;a m%Odku ;¾ckhla kï i;=ka
kS;s úfrdaë f,i ovhï lsÍug ,la ùuhs' j`o ùfï ;¾ckhg uqyqK md isák
fndfyduhla laISrmdhS úfYaI kS;s úfrdaë ovhug b,lal fj;s' Èúhd (Panthera
pardus), w,shd (Elephas maximus), ú,a uqjd (Axis porcinus), ln,a,Ejd (Manis
crassicaudata ), ;s;a uqjd (Axis axis) fï w;r m%uqL jk w;r fudjqka ovhï
lsÍu uia msKsi fukau iï" we;a o< wd§ fjk;a øjH msKsi o isÿ fõ' tfiau
ish j.djkag ydks lsÍu yd Ôú; j,g ;¾ckhla ùu ksid w,ska o" .DydYs%;
i;=ka f.dÿre lr .ekSu ksid Èúhka o ovhï lsÍug ñksiqka fm

wd.ka;=l wdl%uKYS,S úfYaI o j¾;udkh jk úg › ,xldj mqrdu mdfya jHdma;
fjñka wfma ffcj úúO;ajh ;¾ckhg ,la lrkd Wjÿrls' fuu úfYaIhka
u.ska wm rfÜ iajNdúlj jik úfYaI wNsnjñka iajNdúl mßir moaO;s ;=,
;yjqre ùu tu mßir moaO;s fukau wfma iajNdúl úfYaI j,g ydkslr whqßka
n,md we;' wd.ka;=l wdl%uKYS,S úfYaI j,ska nyq;rh úis;=re Ydl yd úis;=re
i;=ka f,i wm rgg f.k tkq ,enQ úfYaI jk w;r ;j;a iuyrla wyïfnka
jHdma; jQ úfYaI fj;s' fuu iuyrla Ydl yd i;aj úfYaI j.=j 3'2 ys oelafõ'
Ydl
fj,a wd;d (Annona glabra)
osh mr (Dillenia suffruticosa)
cmka cnr (Eichornia crassipes)
ie,aùkshd (Salvinia molesta)
osh f.dajd (Pistia)
osh ynr, (Limnocharis flava)
fhdaO ksosl=ïnd (Mimosa pigra)
iS; fmar
md;Skshï
i;=ka
ukakdjd (Chitala ornata)
f.j;= f.d¿fn,a,d (Lissochatina fulica)
rka wem,a f.d¿fn,a,d (Pomacea diffusa)
ykaf.d,a,d Laevicaulis altae
r;= lka bínd (Trachemys scripta)
ialefjkac¾ u;aiHhd (Pterygoplichthys
multiradiatus)
j.=j 3'2 › ,xldfjka jd¾:djk wd.ka;=l wdl%uKYS,S Ydl iuyrla
ffcj úúO;aj ixrlaIKh i`oyd › ,xldj ;=, úúO ls%hdud¾. wkq.ukh lrhs'
fïjd w;r ia:dkSh ixrlaIK (In-situ conservation) fukau mßndysr ixrlaIK
(Ex-situ conservation) ls%hdud¾. o fõ' ñka m%uqL;ajh .kakd ia:dkSh ixrlaIK
l%ufõohla f,i wdrlaIs; l,dm msysgqùu ie

Ydl iy jk i;=ka iu. fmdÿfõ mßir moaO;s wdrlaIs; ;;aj j,g m;a
lrñka ixrlaIKh lrkakd fiau ;¾ckhg ,la jQ úfYaI fyda Ôù ldKav i`oyd
iqúfYaIS jk ixrlaIK l%fudamdhka y`ÿkd .ksñka ls%hdjg kexùu o jeo.;a h'
fujka ixrlaIK jevigyka ie,iqï lsÍug kñ tu Ôùka ms

SRI LANKA
YBA
Our Biological Heritage
fuu ixfYdaê; f;jk uQøKh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd PdhdrEm ,nd§fuka odhl;ajh ±lajq
f.ydka rÔõ" ÿ,dka rx." wñ, pdkl" liqka m%§m" md,skao fmf¾rd" fïkka chr;ak" ;ß÷ rKisxy"
wñ, iqukmd," ysfïIa chisxy" .hdka tÈßisxy hk ish¿ fokdg ixialdrl uKav,h jYfhka
wmf.a yDohdx.u ia;=;sh mqolr isáuq'''''''