List of FORCYTE, FORECAST, FORTOON, LLEMS and FORCEE

UBC Forest Ecosystem Simulation Research Group 

Papers referring to FORECAST or FORCYTE (the predecessor to FORECAST), LLEMS 

(the landscape-level extension of FORECAST), FORCEE (the individual-tree extension of 

FORECAST), FORTOON (the educational extension of FORECAST) or ForWaDy (the 

water limitation module of FORECAST). 

1979 

February 2012 

Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K. 1979. FORCYTE: a computer simulation approach to evaluating 

the effect of whole-tree harvesting on the nutrient budgets in Northwest forests. In Forest 

Fertilization Conference Proceedings. Institute of Forest Resources, Univ. Washington, Seattle. 

Contribution No. 40. pp. 266-273. 

1981 

Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K. 1981. FORCYTE – a computer simulation approach to 

evaluating the effect of whole tree harvesting on the nutrient budgets of northwest forests. Mitt. d. 

Forstl. Bundesversuchsanstalt, Wien 140: 189-250. 

Kimmins, J.P., Scoullar, K.A., and Feller, M.C. 1981. FORCYTE-10. Proceedings 3 rd Bioenergy 

Research and Development Conference, Nat. Res. Council Can. 

1983 

Feller, M.C., Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K. 1983. FORCYTE-10: calibration data and 

simulation of potential long-term effects of intensive forest management on site productivity, 

economic performance, and energy cost/benefit ratio. In IUFRO Symposium on Forest Site and 

Continuous Productivity (R. Ballard and S. Gessel, editors). USDA For. Ser. Gen. Tech. Rep. 

PNW-163, Portland, OR. pp. 179-200. 

Kimmins, J.P., Scoullar, K., Feller, M.C., Chatarpaul, L., and Tsze, K.M. 1983. Simulation of 

potential long-term effects of intensive forest management using FORCYTE-10. In New forests 

for a changing world. Proc. Soc. Am. For., Portland, OR. pp. 290-294. 

1984 

Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K. 1984. The role of modeling in tree nutrition research and site 

nutrient management. In Nutrition of plantation forests (G.D. Bowen and E.K.S. Nambiar, 

editors). Academic Press, London. pp. 463-488. 

Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K. 1984. FORCYTE-11: a flexible modeling framework with which 

to analyze the long-term consequences for yield, economic returns and energy efficiency of 

alternative forest and agr-forest crop production strategies. Proceedings 5th Bioenergy Research 

and Development Conference, Nat. Res. Council Can. 

1/11 http://www.forestry.ubc.ca/ecomodels/

1986 


Binkley, D. 1986. The value of simplicity and complexity in nutrient cycling models: a 

comparison of FORNUTS and FORCYTE. In Predicting consequences of intensive forest 

harvesting on long-term productivity (G.I. Ågren, editor). Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Dept. 

Ecology and Envir. Res. Rep. No. 26. pp. 85-94. 

Complex models have a greater opportunity to simulate nutrient cycling in forest 

ecosystems than simpler models, but they may also be too complicated for any validation 

exercises to assure accuracy. These aspects are illustrated in a comparison of two nitrogen 

cycling models for Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) FORNUTS is a simple model, designed 

for educational use. FORCYTE-10 is more complex, and was designed as a management 

and research tool. The models produced similar predictions for 3 rotations with a variety of 

stand treatments (stem-only harvesting, whole-tree harvesting, and fertilization). 

Kimmins, J.P. 1986. Predicting consequences of intensive forest harvesting on long-term 

productivity: the need for a hybrid model such as FORCYTE-11. In Predicting consequences of 

intensive forest harvesting on long-term productivity (G.I. Ågren, editor). Swedish Univ. Agric. 

Sci., Dept. Ecology and Envir. Res. Rep. No. 26. pp. 31-84. 

In this paper, the history of forest yield and production studies is reviewed, and attention 

drawn to the critical importance of understanding fine root dynamics if we wish to estimate 

total net primary production (NPP) rather than simply yield or above-ground NPP. In this 

regard, the ecosystem simulation model, FORCYTE-11 is described. 

Kimmins, J.P., Scoullar, K.A., Bigley, R.E., Kurz, W.A., Comeau, P.G., and Chatarpaul, L. 1986. 

Yield prediction models: the need for a hybrid ecosystem-level approach incorporating canopy 

function and architecture. In Crown and canopy structure in relation to productivity (T. Fujimori 

and D. Whitehead, editors). Proc. IUFRO Symposium. Forestry and For. Prod. Res. Inst., Ibaraki, 

Japan. pp. 26-48. 

Yarie, J. 1986. FORCYTE - Extension of a stand-level growth and yield model utilizing nitrogen 

dynamics to taiga white spruce forests. In Forest ecosystems in the Alaskan taiga. A synthesis of 

structure and function (K. van Cleve et al., editors). Springer-Verlag, NY. pp. 190-204. 

Yarie, J. 1986. A preliminary comparison of two ecosystem models, FORCYTE-10 and 

LINKAGES for interior Alaska White Spruce. In Predicting consequences of intensive forest 

harvesting on long-term productivity (G.I. Ågren, editor). Swedish Univ. Agric. Sci., Dept. 

Ecology and Envir. Res. Rep. No. 26. pp. 95-103. 

The simulated development of an old growth white spruce stand was compared between the 

two ecosystem models, FORCYTE-10 and LINKAGES. Both models adequately depicted 

the development of aboveground standing crop and the biomass dynamics of the forest floor 

and humus layers. Only FORCYTE-10 satisfactorily portrayed stand density dynamics and 

nitrogen mineralization when compared to existing data. 


1988 


Kimmins, J.P. 1988. Community organization: methods of study and prediction of the 

productivity and yield of forest ecosystems. Can. J. Bot. 66: 2654-2672. 

Apps, M.J., Kurz, W.A., Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K.A. 1988. User friendly applications of 

the FORCYTE ecosystem model on a microcomputer. In Forest growth modeling and prediction. 

Vol. I. (A.R. Ek, S.R. Sifley, and T.E. Burk, editors). Proc. 1987 IUFRO Conference, 

Minneapolis, MN. USDA Nor. Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-120. 

1989 

Kimmins, J.P., Price, N., and Apps, M.J. 1989. Red alder: a selected bibliography and 

compilation of literature data for use in conjunction with the ecosystem management model 

FORCYTE-11. For. Can. Nor. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. 

Kimmins, J.P., Price, N., Oran, R., and Apps, M.J. 1989. Douglas-fir: a selected bibliography and 

compilation of literature data for use in conjunction with the ecosystem management model 

FORCYTE-11. For. Can. Nor. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. 

1990 

Kimmins, J.P., Comeau, P.G., and Kurz, W. 1990. Modelling the interactions between moisture 

and nutrients in the control of forest growth. For. Ecol. Manage. 30:361- 369. 

Kimmins, J.P., Scoullar, K., and Apps, M.J. 1990 FORCYTE-11 user’s manual for the 

benchmark version. For. Can. Nor. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. ENFOR Proj. P- 370. 

1991 

Sachs, D., and Trofymow. 1991. Testing the performance of FORCYTE-11 against results from 

the Shawnigan Lake thinning and fertilization trials on Douglas-fir. For. Can., Pac. For. Cent., 

Victoria, BC. Inf. Rep. BC-X-324. 

This project represents a validation trial of FORCYTE-11 against a known data set. The 

project was divided into two distinct phases. In phase I, FORCYTE-11 was run using the 

standard Vancouver Island Douglas-fir input data provided by the model’s authors. The 

model was used to simulate four treatments at Shawnigan Lake, unthinned/unfertilized, 

unthinned/fertilized (448 kg Urea N ha-1), thinned (2/3 initial basal area 

removed)/unfertilized, and thinned (2/3 initial basal area removed)/fertilized (448 kg Urea 

N ha-1). In phase II, the model was calibrated using data from the Shawnigan Lake control 

plots and the simulations, and an evaluation repeated for the same four treatments. At no 

time did the model and data treatment rankings differ significantly from each other (5% 

level of significance). The model predicted some of the tree growth responses to 

fertilization and thinning with reasonable accuracy even though it was not considered to be 

well calibrated for Vancouver Island. Nevertheless, it was concluded that FORCYTE-11 

could be a valuable tool to assist in long-range planning for the area. 


1992 


Comeau, P., and Sachs, D. 1992. Simulation of the consequences of red alder management on the 

growth of Douglas-fir using FORCYTE-11. B.C. Min. For. and For. Can., Victoria, B.C. FRDA 

Rep. No. 187. 

1993 

Kimmins, J.P. 1993. Scientific foundations for the simulation of ecosystem function and 

management in FORCYTE-11. Can. For. Ser. North. For. Cent., Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR- 

X-328. 

1994 

Kimmins, J.P., and Scoullar, K.A. 1994. Incorporation of nutrient cycling in the design of 

sustainable, stand-level forest management systems using the ecosystem management model 

FORECAST and its output format FORTOON. In Nutrient uptake and cycling in forest 

ecosystems (L-O Nilsson, editor), EUR 15465. Ecosystem Res. Rep. No. 13. 

Wang, J.R., Comeau, P., and Kimmins, J.P. 1995. Simulation of mixedwood management of 

aspen and white spruce in northeastern British Columbia. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 82: 171-178. 

1996 

Sachs, D. 1996. Simulation of the growth of mixed stands of Douglas-fir and Paper Birch using 

the FORECAST model. In Silviculture of temperate and boreal broadleaf conifer mixtures (P.G. 

Comeau and K.D. Thomas, editors). Min. of For. Res. Program, Prov. of British Columbia, 

Victoria, BC. pp. 152-158. 

Wei, X., and Kimmins, J.P. 1996. Simulation of the long-term impacts of Alder-Douglasfir 

mixtures on the sustainability of site productivity using the ecosystem management model 

FORECAST. In Silviculture of temperate and boreal broadleaf-conifer mixtures (P.G. Comeau 

and K.D. Thomas, editors). Min. of For. Res. Program, Prov. of British Columbia, Victoria, BC. 

pp. 129-138. 

1997 

Morris, D.M., Kimmins, J.P., and Duckert, D.R. 1997. The use of soil organic matter as a 

criterion of the relative sustainability of forest management alternatives: a modeling approach 

using FORECAST. For. Ecol. Manage. 94: 61-78. 

1999 

Ding , Y., Tian, Y. 2009. A testing simulation with FORTOON on long-term productivity of 

Chinese-fir plantations. Forestry Studies in China 1(2): 33-41. 



Kimmins, J.P., Mailly, D., and Seely, B. 1999. Modelling forest ecosystem net primary 

production: the hybrid simulation approach used in FORECAST. Ecol. Modeling 122: 195-224. 

Seely, B., Kimmins, J.P., Welham, C., and Scoullar, K. 1999. Defining stand-level sustainability, 

exploring stand-level stewardship. J. For. 97: 4-11. 

2000 

Welham, C.V.J. 2000. An integrated decision support system for harvesting mixedwood stands. 

Mistik Management Ltd., Meadow Lake, SK. 

Olarieta, J.R., Domingo F., Uson, A. 2000. FORTOON: A useful teaching tool in land evaluation 

and forest management. The Land 4: 29-44. 

Ruon.G. 2000. FORCYTE simulation model of forest ecosystem management. Forest Science 

and Technology 6: 43-47. 

2001 

Welham, C.V.J., Seely, B., and Kimmins, J.P. 2001. How complex does an ecosystem model 

need to be? A comparison of output from FORECAST and TIPSY. Arrow IFPA Extension 

Report. 

Welham, C., Seely, B., and Kimmins, J.P. 2001. Bringing biology into growth and yield: an 

overview of the ecologically based forest growth model, FORECAST. SIFERP LINK newsletter 

3(2). (http://www.siferp.org/pubs/link/v3iss2/article6.asp). 

2002 

Welham, C., B. Seely and J.P. Kimmins. 2002. The utility of the two-pass harvesting system: an 

analysis using the ecosystem simulation model FORECAST. Can. J. For. Res. 32:1071-1079. 

Seely, B., C. Welham and J.P. Kimmins. 2002. Carbon sequestration in a boreal forest ecosystem: 

results from the ecosystem simulation model, FORECAST. For. Ecol. Manage. 169: 123-135. 

2003 

Wei, X., J.P. Kimmins and G. Zhou. 2003. Disturbances and the sustainability of long-term site 

productivity in lodgepole pine forests in the central interior of British Columbia - an ecosystem 

modelling approach. Ecol. Model. 164:239-256. 

Messier, C., Fortin, M-J., Schmiegelow, F., Doyon, F., Cumming, S.G., Kimmins, J.P., Seely, B., 

Welham, C., and J. Nelson. 2003. Modeling tools to assess the sustainability of forest 

management scenarios. In Towards sustainable management of the boreal forest (P.J. Burton, C. 

Messier, D.W. Smith, and W.L. Adamowicz, eds). NRC Research Press, Ottawa. 


2004 


Seely, B., J. Nelson, R. Wells, B. Peter, M. Meitner, A. Anderson, H. Harshaw, S. Sheppard, F. 

Bunnell, H. Kimmins, and D. Harrison. 2004. The application of a hierarchical, decision-support 

system to evaluate multi-objective forest management strategies: A case study in northeastern 

British Columbia, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 199: 283-305. 

2005 

Blanco J.A., Seely B., Seebacher T., Welham C., Kimmins H. 2005. Evaluation of FORECAST, 

a stand-level forest ecosystem model, against 26 years of growth response data from a thinning 

and fertilization trial in a Douglas-fir plantation on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada. “UNITY IN 

DIVERSITY” A conference on Ecology after the legacy of Ramón Margalef. Barcelona, Spain, 

November 16th -18th. 

Lo Y.-H., Kimmins J.P. 2010. FORECAST: a stand-level decision-support tool for multiobjective 

forest management (modification and validation). International Forestry Review 7(5): 

34. Proceedings of the XXII IUFRO World Congress, Brisbane, Australia. August 8 th -13 th 2005. 

2006 

Blanco J.A., Olarieta J.R., Kimmins J.P. 2006. Assessment of long-term sustainability of forest 

management in Scots pine forests in the Pyrenees: An ecosystem-level simulation approach. 1st 

International Conference on Sustainability Measurement and Modelling: ICSMM 06. Terrasa, 

Spain, November 16th-17th. 

Blanco J.A., Bi J., Kimmins J.P., Ding Y., Seely B., Welham C. 2006. Yield decline and 

sustainability in Chinese Fir plantations – a simulation investigation to analyze the possible 

causes. Pp 400 U.S.S.E. (Ed) Proceedings of International congress on cultivated forests. Bilbao, 

Spain, October 3rd-7th. Union of Forest Owners of Southern Europe, Derio, Spain. 422 pp. 

Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P., Seely B., Welham C., Scoullar K. 2006. LLEMS: an ecologicallybased 

spatially-explicit tool for assessing the implications of variable retention management for 

selected indicators of Sustainable Forest Management. 1st Meeting of the Spatial Ecology Group 

of the Spanish Association of Terrestrial Ecology: Spatial Analysis in Ecology: Methods and 

Applications. Alcoy, Spain, September 28th-29th. 

Kimmins J.P., Blanco J.A., Zhong A., Seely B., Welham C. 2006. Biofuels as an ecosystem 

management non-timber forest product: Assessing the tradeoffs. IEA Bioenergy workshop. 

Biofuels and Bioenergy: Challenges and opportunities. Vancouver, Canada, August 28th – 

September 1st. 

Haynes P., Blanco J.A., González E. 2006. Aplicación de FORECAST, un modelo ecosistémico 

híbrido a nivel de ecosistema, en rodales de Pinus caribaea var. caribaea en Pinar del Río (Cuba). 

4 th International Symposium on Sustainable Management of Forest Resource (SIMFOR) and 1st 

International Workshop on Fire Management. Pinar del Río, Cuba. April 19th-22nd. Pg 960-974 

Proceedings ISBN 959-16-0408-4. 



Welham, C. 2006. Modeling stand-level indicators of sustainable forest management in 

TFL 49. SFM Network Research Note Series No. 20. Sustainable Forest Management Network, 

University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta. 4 pp. 

2007 

Blanco J.A. 2007. The representation of allelopathy in ecosystem-level forest models. Ecological 

Modelling, 209: 65-77. 

Blanco J.A., Seely B., González E., Haynes P., Welham C., Kimmins J.P., Seebacher T. 2007. 

Testing the ecosystem-level forest model FORECAST through North America, from the 

Caribbean Sea to the Pacific NW. 6th North American Forest Ecology Workshop. Vancouver, 

Canada. June 18th -22nd. 

Blanco J.A., Seely B., Welham C., Kimmins J.P., Seebacher T.M. 2007. Testing the performance 

of FORECAST, a forest ecosystem model, against 29 years of field data in a Pseudotsuga 

menziesii plantation. Can. J. For. Res. 37: 1808-1820. 

This paper is the most extensive validation exercise of FORECAST carried out so far, 

testing model predictions versus 30 years of field data in a Douglas-fir plantation. It was 

carried out as reevaluating FORECAST for the same conditions of Sachs and Trofymow 

(1991) in Shawnigan Lake. The results from the experience show that 15 years of model 

development has improved FORECAST performance (compared to FORCYTE-11) and 

that FORECAST can produce reliable predictions for both management and research 

sectors. 

Bi J., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P., Ding Y., Seely B., Welham C. 2007. Yield decline in Chinese 

Fir plantations: A simulation investigation with implications for model complexity. Can. J. For. 

Res. 37: 1615-1630. 

Kimmins J.P., Seely B., Welham W., Blanco J.A. 2007. Complexity in modeling forest 

ecosystems: How much is enough? 6th North American Forest Ecology Workshop. Vancouver, 

Canada. June 18th -22nd. 

Seely B., Blanco J.A., Welham C., Kimmins J.P., Scoullar K., Cavens D. 2007. LLEMS: a 

spatially explicit model for sustainable forest management (In Spanish). Pp 677 – 696 in: Maestre 

F.T., Escudero A., Bonet A. (Eds.) Introduction to spatial analysis in ecology and environmental 

sciences: methods and applications. Edited by Caja de Ahorros del Mediterraneo, Spanish 

Association of Terrestrial Ecology and University Rey Juan Carlos. 

Seely B., Hawkins C., Blanco J.A., Welham C., Kimmins J.P. 2007. Evaluation of an ecosystembased 

approach to mixedwood modelling. Forest Growth and Timber Quality: Crown Models and 

Simulation Methods for Sustainable Forest Management. Portland, USA. August 7h-10th. 

2008 



Blanco J.A. 2008. Forest Modeling: important tool to forecast the development of forest 

ecosystems (in Spanish). Keynote talk at the 5thInternational Symposium on Sustainable 

Management of Forest Resource (SIMFOR). Pinar del Río, Cuba. April 22nd-26th. Proceedings 

ISBN 978-959-16-0655-6. 

Blanco J.A. 2008. Present applications of the FORECAST model (in Spanish). 5thInternational 

Symposium on Sustainable Management of Forest Resource (SIMFOR). Pinar del Río, Cuba. 

April 22nd-26th. Proceedings ISBN 978-959-16-0655-6. 

Blanco J.A., González E., Haynes P. 2008. Evaluation of the FORECAST model in forest 

ecosystems of North America and the Caribbean basin (in Spanish). 5thInternational Symposium 

on Sustainable Management of Forest Resource (SIMFOR). Pinar del Río, Cuba. April 22nd-26th. 

Proceedings ISBN 978-959-16-0655-6. 

Blanco J.A., Seely B., Welham C., Kimmins J.P. 2008. Validation of FORECAST. Results from 

coastal and interior forests in BC, Canada. International Workshop on Simulation of Ecosystem 

Productivity, C-N Cycling and Multi-objective Forest Management. Lin-An, Hangzhou, China. 

September 22nd-24th. 

Blanco J.A., Seely B., Welham C., Kimmins J.P., Bi J. 2008. Use of soil organic matter as a tool 

to predict forest productivity at landscape level. IUFRO Landscape Ecology Conference, 

Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China, September 16th – 18th. 

Kimmins, J.P., Welham, C., Fuliang (Sam) Cao, P. Wangpakapattanawong and L. Christanty. 

2008. The role of ecosystem-level models in the design of agroforestry systems for future 

environmental conditions and social needs. Pp 233-250 in: S. Jose and A. M. Gordon (eds.). 

Towards Agroforestry Design: an Ecological Approach. Springer. 

Kimmins J.P. 2008. From science to stewardship: Harnessing forest ecology in the service of 

society. Forest Ecology and Management, 256: 1625-1635 

Kimmins J.P., Blanco J.A. Seely B., Welham C., Scoullar K. 2008. Complexity in Modeling 

Forest Ecosystems; How Much is Enough? Forest Ecology and Management, 256: 1646-1658. 

Seely B., Hawkins C., Blanco J.A., Welham C., Kimmins J.P. 2008. Evaluation of an ecosystembased 

approach to mixedwood modelling. Forest Chronicle, 84: 181-193. 

Seely B., Nelson J., Vernier P., Wells R., Moy A. 2008. Exploring opportunities for mitigating 

the ecological impacts of current and future mountain pine beetle outbreaks through improved 

planning: A focus on northeastern British Columbia. Mountain Pine Beetle Initiative Working 

Paper #8.27, Canadian Forest Service Pacific Centre, Victoria, BC. 64 p. available at: 

http://warehouse.pfc.forestry.ca/pfc/28783.pdf 

Seely B., Welham C., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P. 2008. An integrated modeling approach for the 

assessment of forest growth and development in the face of climate change: a case study in the 

western boreal forest. International Workshop on Simulation of Ecosystem Productivity, C-N 



Cycling and Multi-objective Forest Management. Lin-An, Hangzhou, China. September 22nd- 

24th. 

Welham C., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P. 2008. FORCEE helps to manage mixedwoods. Link, 

10(2), 12. available at: 

http://www.forrex.org/publications/link/ISS52/vol10_no2_art7.pdf 

Welham C., Seely B., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P. 2008. Using the ecosystem simulation model, 

FORECAST, to develop and evaluate reclamation strategies for degraded landscapes. 

International Workshop on Simulation of Ecosystem Productivity, C-N Cycling and Multiobjective 

Forest Management. Lin-An, Hangzhou, China. September 22nd-24th. 

Yamasaki S.H., Duchesneau R., Doyon F., Russell J.S., Gooding T. 2008. Making the case for 

cumulative impacts assessment: modelling the potential impacts of climate change, harvesting, 

oil and gas, and fire. The Forestry Chronicle 84: 349-368. 

2009 

Blanco J.A, Welham C., Kimmins J.P., Seely B., Mailly D. 2009. Guidelines for modeling 

natural regeneration in boreal forests. Forestry Chronicle. 85: 427-439. 

Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P. 2009. The role of allelopathy in ecosystem-level forest models: a 

study case in the Pacific NW. In: Dykstra D.P., Monserud R.A. (Eds.) Forest Growth and Timber 

Quality: Crown Models and Simulation Methods for Sustainable Forest Management. USDA 

Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-791,Portland, USA. Pp 205-210. 

Flanders D., Sheppard S.R.J., Blanco J.A. 2009. The Potential for Local Bioenergy in Low- 

Carbon Community Planning. Smarth Growth on the Ground: Foundation Research Bulletin #4. 

Smart Growth BC. Vancouver, BC. 9 pp. Available at: 

http://www.sgog.bc.ca/uplo/PG_4_Bioenergy_Low-carbon.pdf 

Jie C.Y., Xin, Z.H., Xin X.Y., Jiang H., Wei X.H. 2009. Principle, method and application of 

FORECAST model. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 26 (6): 909 – 915. 

Seely B., Hawkins C., Blanco J.A., Welham C., Kimmins J.P. 2009. Evaluation of an Ecosystem- 

Based Approach to Mixedwood Modeling. In: Dykstra D.P., Monserud R.A. (Eds.) Forest 

Growth and Timber Quality: Crown Models and Simulation Methods for Sustainable Forest 

Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-791, Portland, USA. 

Pp 219-223. 

2010 

Blanco J.A. 2010. The legacy of forest management: analyzing its influence on tree growth with 

ecosystem models. In: F. Columbus (ed.) Tree Growth: Influences, layers and types. Nova 

Science Publishers, NY, USA. Pp 10-18. ISBN: 978-1-60741-784-2. 



Blanco J.A., Wei X. 2010. Atmospheric pollution and forest management in China’s forests. 

Branch Lines, 21(1), 8-9. ISSN 1181-9936. 

Blanco J.A. 2010. Computer models for adaptive forest management: some examples from UBC. 

Pp 106-115 in: Méndez, P. F., L. Santamaría, J. Amezaga, G. Hearns. 2010. Adaptive Strategies 

for Natural Resources and Ecosystems Management in Canada. Opportunities and Constraints for 

Implementation in Europe. Prepared for the International Council for Canadian Studies, by the 

Laboratory of Spatial Ecology. IMEDEA. Institutional Analysis and Policy Support, Technical 

Publications Series. ILSE-IAPS-TP-001. 121 pp. 

Blanco J.A., González E. 2010. The legacy of forest management in tropical forests: analysis of 

its long-term influence with a ecosystem model. Forest Systems 19(2), 249-262 (in Spanish with 

English abstract). 

Blanco J.A., González E. 2010. Exploring the sustainability of current management prescriptions 

for Pinus caribaea plantations in Cuba: a modelling approach. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 

22(2), 139-154. 

Blanco J.A., González E. 2010. The legacy of forest management in tropical plantations: 

analyzing its influence with ecosystem models. The Internationa Forestry Review 12(5) 148. 

Proceedings of the XXIII IUFRO World Conference, Seoul, Korea. August 23 rd -28 th 2010. 

Kimmins J.P., Blanco J.A., Seely B., Welham C., Scoullar K. 2010. Forecasting Forest Futures: 

A Hybrid Modelling Approach to the Assessment of Sustainability of Forest Ecosystems and 

their Values. Earthscan Ltd. London, UK. ISBN: 978-1-84407-922-3. 

Seely B., Welham C., Blanco J.A. Towards the application of soil organic matter as an indicator 

of ecosystem productivity: Deriving thresholds, developing monitoring systems, and evaluating 

practices. Ecological Indicators, 10, 999-1008. 

Blanco J.A., Wei X. 2010. Atmospheric pollution and forest management in China’s forests. 

Branch Lines, 21(1), 8-9. ISSN 1181-9936. 

Welham C., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P., Seely B. 2010. The utility and application of ecological 

models in agroforestry: the FORECAST family of models. In: Columbus F. Handbook of 

Agroforestry: Management, Practices and Environmental Impact. Nova Science Publishers, NY. 

Pp 347-366. ISBN: 978-1-60876-359-7. 

2011 

Blanco J.A. 2011. Beyond growth and yield models: hybrid ecological based models as a tool for 

sustainable forest management (in Spanish). Opening plenary talk at the 3 rd Meeting of the 

Working Group on Forest Modelling from the Spanish Society for Forest Science, Lugo, Spain. 

May 4th-6th. 



Blanco J.A., Wei X., Jiang H., Zavala M.A.2011. Bringing ecology into forest management 

through ecological models: examples from the Northern Hemisphere. Invited opening session 

talk,12th European Ecological Federation congress, Avila, Spain. September 25-29th. 

Dordel J., Seely B., Simard S.W. 2011. Relationships between simulated water stress and 

mortality and growth rates in underplanted Toona ciliata Roem. in subtropical Argentinean 

plantations. Ecological Modelling 222: 3226-3235. 

Jie C., Jiang H., Zhou G., Wei X., Blanco J.A., Jiang Z., Xin Z. 2011. Simulating the carbon 

storage of spruce forests based on the FORECAST model and remotely sensed data. Proceedings 

- 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2011. Article number 

5981581. ISBN: 978-161284848-8. 

Kimmins J.P., Blanco J.A. 2011. Forest Management in Canada and Predictive Ecosystem 

Management Tools for Assessing Possible Futures. In: Chen J., Chao L., Lafortezza R. (Eds.) 

Landscape Ecology and Forest Management: Challenges and Solutions in a Changing Globe. 

Springer, New York. pp 48 - 72. ISBN: 978-3-642-12753-3. 

Lo Y.-H., Blanco J.A., Kimmins J.P. 2010. Linking climate change and tree physiology: A 

review of ecological models. En: Blanco J.A., Kheradmand H. (Ed.) Climate Change. Sciyo, 

Rijeka, Croatia. In prenss. ISBN: 978-953-307-419-1. 

Schwab O., Maness T., Bull G.Q., Welham C., Seely B., Blanco J.A. 2011. Modelling the timber 

supply impact of introducing weevil-resistant spruce in British Columbia. Forest Policy and 

Economics, 13, 61-68. 

Xin Z.-H., Jiang H., Jie C.-Y., Wei X., Blanco J.A., Zhou G.M. 2011. Simulated nitrogen 

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