A Stable Platform?
Conglomerate_Boom
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Conglomerate Boom 2.0:<br />
A <strong>Stable</strong> <strong>Platform</strong>?<br />
October 20, 2015<br />
The opinions set forth in this Presentation are solely<br />
observations of JHL Capital Group LLC, and do not<br />
constitute investment advice or recommendations.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution.<br />
© 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved.
Disclaimer<br />
• This Presentation includes certain economic observations of JHL Capital Group LLC (“JHL”), and does not purport to give any form of investment advice.<br />
• There can be no assurance that the observations of JHL included in this Presentation are accurate, much less in any respect predictive of the value or<br />
future stock prices of any of the issuers with respect to which such observations are made.<br />
• JHL, in compiling this Presentation, has relied on information (including anecdotal information) obtained from third parties which JHL believes to be<br />
accurate but has no ability independently to verify.<br />
• JHL may hold certain positions which create a conflict of interest on the part of JHL in making the observations in this Presentation.<br />
• No one should rely on any of the observations made in this Presentation in making any investment decision; these observations are presented solely for<br />
the information of the recipient.<br />
• This is not an offering or the solicitation of an offer to purchase an interest. Any such offer or solicitation will be made to qualified investors only by means<br />
of a final offering memorandum and only in those jurisdictions where permitted by law.<br />
JHL Capital Group LLC ® , JHL Capital Group ® , JHL ® , and JHL’s logo are registered trademarks of JHL Capital Group LLC.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 2
Boom Cycles and Easy Money<br />
Easy access to capital fueled housing investment in the 2000s and energy investment in the post-financial crisis era.<br />
Global E&P Spending and US Private Fixed Residential Investment<br />
1985 – 2017E vs. 1977 – 2013<br />
1000<br />
Global E&P Spending (1985=100)<br />
2013 Forecasts<br />
2015 Forecasts<br />
US Private Fixed Residential Investment (1977=100)<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Evercore ISI, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 3
The 1960s Conglomerate Boom<br />
A major boom in conglomerate formation occurred in the 1960s driven by low interest rates, muted economic growth and investors’<br />
focus on earnings growth.<br />
LOW AND STABLE<br />
INFLATION AND<br />
INTEREST RATES<br />
MUTED ECONOMIC<br />
GROWTH<br />
INVESTORS’<br />
APPETITE FOR<br />
EARNINGS GROWTH<br />
Low interest rates depressed the<br />
cost of capital and encouraged<br />
investors to move into riskier<br />
assets<br />
A slowdown in growth in 1967<br />
fueled M&A activity and inflated<br />
the conglomerate bubble<br />
“Go-Go” fund managers or<br />
“gunslingers” focused on<br />
earnings growth independent of<br />
how it was generated, and<br />
developed an affinity for<br />
conglomerate stocks<br />
With a low cost of equity capital, high perceived corporate synergies and limited growth opportunities,<br />
investors paid ever-increasing multiples for acquisition-led growth.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 4
The 1960s Conglomerate Boom Index Companies<br />
Company Industries Leader<br />
Gulf & Western Industries Inc. Auto-parts, movie production, machinery, cigars, sugar production Charles Bluhdorn<br />
International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. (ITT) Telecommunications, hotels, education, baked goods, rental cars Harold Geneen<br />
Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corp. Computer leasing, insurance Saul Steinberg<br />
Ling-Temco-Vought Inc. (LTV) Electronics, missiles, golf equipment, meat packing, pharmaceuticals Jimmy Ling<br />
Litton Industries Inc. Military electronics, submarines, typewriters, frozen foods, publishing Tex Thornton<br />
Monogram Industries Inc. Manufacturing, airplane toilets, electrical insulation Martin Stone<br />
Ogden Corp. Scrap metal, shipbuilding, cargo handling, food service Charlie Allen<br />
Teledyne Inc. Electronics, aerospace, microwaves, hydraulics, optics, steel Henry Singleton<br />
Textron Inc. Textiles, gas meters, golf carts, helicopters, radar antennas, watchbands Roy Little<br />
United States Industries, Inc. Automation machinery, robotics, steel, concrete pipe, textiles John Snyder<br />
Source: “The Rise and Fall of the Conglomerate Kings” by Robert Sobel, New York Times, company websites, academic journals.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 5
The 1960s Conglomerate Boom<br />
An index of 10 conglomerates appreciated 608% from August 1962 to July 1968, outperforming the S&P 500 Index by 531%.<br />
Conglomerate Index vs. S&P 500 Index<br />
AUGUST 9, 1962 – JULY 8, 1968<br />
800<br />
Conglomerate Index<br />
S&P 500 Index<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968<br />
Source: Chicago Booth Center for Research in Security Prices, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 6
The 1960s Conglomerate Bust<br />
Earnings growth failed to keep up with inflated expectations. Rising interest rates and a stalling economy resulted in lower stock prices. The<br />
conglomerates then crashed swiftly.<br />
• Acquisitions grew in size to<br />
maintain the momentum<br />
• The top of the market was a failed<br />
attempt by Saul Steinberg to<br />
acquire Chemical Bank in 1969<br />
Reality Failed to<br />
Meet Inflated<br />
Expectations<br />
Interest Rates<br />
Rose and Stock<br />
Prices Declined<br />
• 10 year interest rates rose from 4%<br />
in 1963 to 8% in 1969<br />
• Earnings disappointments drove<br />
stock prices lower<br />
• Lower stock prices and higher<br />
interest rates forced management<br />
teams to shed assets in the 1970s<br />
and 1980s<br />
Conglomerates<br />
Restructured<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 7
The 1960s Conglomerate Boom – Bust Cycle<br />
From its peak in July 1968, the Conglomerate Index declined by 79% over the next two years.<br />
Conglomerate Index vs. S&P 500 Index<br />
AUGUST 9, 1962 – DECEMBER 31, 1970<br />
800<br />
Conglomerate Index<br />
S&P 500 Index<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970<br />
Source: Chicago Booth Center for Research in Security Prices, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 8
The 1960s Conglomerate Boom – Bust Case Study: Leasco<br />
Leasco, with $236 million in equity capital, attempted to take over Chemical Bank, the sixth largest US bank, with $9 billion in assets. The<br />
financial establishment united against Saul Steinberg.<br />
Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corporation Stock Price<br />
SEPTEMBER 27, 1966 – AUGUST 14, 1970<br />
$300<br />
$250<br />
$200<br />
$150<br />
$100<br />
$50<br />
$0<br />
+5,495% in<br />
4 years<br />
Aug 1, 1968:<br />
Reliance accepts<br />
Leasco’s tender<br />
offer<br />
Nov 1968:<br />
Leasco<br />
begins<br />
secretly<br />
buying<br />
Chemical<br />
Bank stock<br />
Mar 1968:<br />
Leasco begins secretly<br />
buying Reliance Insurance<br />
stock<br />
IPO (1)<br />
Jan 31, 1969: Leasco’s takeover plans<br />
for Chemical Bank are disclosed<br />
(25%) over two weeks:<br />
Abrupt selling of large<br />
trading blocks... bear raid<br />
led by Chemical Bank?<br />
Feb 20, 1969:<br />
Steinberg ends<br />
Chemical Bank<br />
takeover attempt<br />
(87%)<br />
in 17<br />
months<br />
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971<br />
(1) Leasco filed for IPO in June 1965, but traded OTC until September 27, 1966.<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Chicago Booth Center for Research in Security Prices, “The Power of Collective Purse Strings” by Davita Glasberg, “The Go-Go Years: The Drama and Crashing Finale of Wall Street's Bullish 60s” by<br />
John Brooks, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 9
The Paired-Share REIT Boom – Bust Cycle<br />
An index of the four REITs with special tax privileges appreciated 290% over three years. The index plummeted 70% over the next year as<br />
President Clinton proposed regulations curbing their loopholes.<br />
Paired-Share REITs: Starwood Hotels, Patriot American Hospitality, Meditrust, First Union<br />
JANUARY 3, 1995 – DECEMBER 31, 1998<br />
400<br />
350<br />
Paired-Share REIT Index<br />
S&P 500 Index<br />
Jan 30, 1998:<br />
NYT article “Stocks of Four<br />
REIT’s Sag on Report of<br />
Threat to Status”<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
Jul 22, 1998:<br />
Congress<br />
signs IRS law<br />
reforming<br />
REITs<br />
100<br />
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999<br />
Even in a bull market, Paired-Share REITs had a devastating boom-bust cycle<br />
once the arbitrage peaked and became “front page news.”<br />
Source: Bloomberg, New York Times, US Government Publishing Office, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 10
The Paired-Share REIT Boom – Bust Case Study: Starwood<br />
Starwood was much smaller by market cap, but its high-priced stock provided Barry Sternlicht the currency to go after ITT Sheraton Corp –<br />
itself a remnant of Harold Geneen’s 1960s conglomerate.<br />
Starwood Hotels & Resorts Stock Price<br />
JANUARY 2, 1992 – JANUARY 2, 2000<br />
$35<br />
$30<br />
$25<br />
Oct 20, 1997:<br />
Stock peaks at $31.69 the week Starwood<br />
announces ITT acquisition for $14.3bn<br />
Sep 9, 1997:<br />
Starwood buys Westin Hotels<br />
for $1.5bn<br />
(66%)<br />
in 1 year<br />
$20<br />
$15<br />
$10<br />
$5<br />
Jan 1995:<br />
Sternlicht buys a<br />
paired-share REIT,<br />
Hotel Investors<br />
Trust<br />
+2,900% in<br />
5 years<br />
Jul 22, 1998:<br />
Congress<br />
signs IRS law<br />
reforming REITs<br />
Aug 26, 1998:<br />
Starwood plans<br />
to become a tax<br />
paying<br />
corporation<br />
Jan 7, 1999:<br />
Starwood<br />
restructures into<br />
a corporation<br />
$0<br />
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000<br />
Source: Bloomberg, company press releases, Fortune Magazine, Associated Press, PR Newswire, US Government Publishing Office, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 11
The Conglomerate Boom 2.0: The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom<br />
A new conglomerate boom developed in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis, driven by many of the same variables as in the 1960s.<br />
This new boom has been enhanced with tax arbitrage similar to the Paired-Share REIT boom.<br />
LOW AND STABLE<br />
INFLATION AND<br />
INTEREST RATES<br />
MUTED ECONOMIC<br />
GROWTH<br />
INVESTORS’<br />
APPETITE FOR<br />
EARNINGS GROWTH<br />
Low interest rates and financial<br />
repression depressed the cost of<br />
capital and encouraged investors<br />
to move into riskier assets<br />
Post 2008 crisis growth rates<br />
have repeatedly disappointed<br />
Hedge funds focused on<br />
earnings growth independent of<br />
how it was generated, and<br />
developed an affinity for platform<br />
stocks<br />
With a low cost of debt capital, high perceived corporate and/or tax synergies and limited growth<br />
opportunities, investors paid ever-increasing multiples for acquisition-led growth.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 12
The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index Companies<br />
Company Ticker Industry Stock Price (1) MCap (bn) TEV (bn) TBV (bn) TBV/Share EV/EBITDA P/E Ratio<br />
Allergan plc AGN Health Care $274.08 $114.3 $156.7 $(52.4) $(125.55) 18.4x 38.8x<br />
Altice ATC NA Consumer Discretionary 22.68 24.8 61.5 (23.6) (21.58) 9.5 10.8<br />
AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc. AMAG Health Care 38.85 1.6 2.0 (0.4) (8.42) 8.7 11.1<br />
Anheuser-Busch InBev BUD Consumer Staples 115.13 188.4 237.1 (50.5) (30.86) 13.6 21.7<br />
Avago Technologies AVGO Information Technology 121.87 36.3 38.9 (0.9) (3.08) 10.6 25.2<br />
Concordia Healthcare Corp. CXR CN Health Care 31.64 1.4 2.0 (1.1) (26.10) 8.3 2.3<br />
Danaher Corp. DHR Industrials 89.06 59.9 73.7 (12.8) (19.01) 15.4 23.0<br />
Endo International plc ENDP Health Care 66.60 15.3 25.6 (1.8) (7.87) 17.9 35.8<br />
Hain Celestial Group HAIN Consumer Staples 51.94 5.5 6.2 (0.0) (0.12) 14.5 23.7<br />
Horizon Pharma Inc. HZNP Health Care 18.55 3.1 3.7 (0.7) (4.18) 13.9 265.0<br />
Jarden Corp. JAH Consumer Discretionary 49.85 11.9 16.5 (2.9) (12.03) 13.4 18.0<br />
Jazz Pharmaceuticals JAZZ Health Care 136.65 8.9 9.4 (0.5) (7.71) 11.7 25.1<br />
The Kraft Heinz Company KHC Consumer Staples 75.22 91.9 120.3 (9.7) (7.91) 17.4 28.4<br />
Liberty Global plc LBTYA Consumer Discretionary 45.80 40.9 81.3 (23.7) (25.71) 9.7 (60.1)<br />
Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals MNK Health Care 66.90 8.1 14.6 (6.6) (54.67) 10.5 24.6<br />
Medtronic MDT Health Care 73.43 106.2 123.5 (15.5) (10.75) 12.3 22.4<br />
Mylan N.V. MYL Health Care 42.73 22.1 28.0 (2.5) (4.77) 9.4 20.0<br />
Perrigo Company plc PRGO Health Care 162.62 23.9 28.4 (4.7) (31.79) 18.3 78.9<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Specialty Products PAH Materials 12.59 2.7 6.2 (3.2) (14.83) 11.0 139.9<br />
Post Holdings Inc. POST Consumer Staples 60.49 4.1 8.6 (3.5) (50.98) 13.4 (103.0)<br />
Spectrum Brands Holdings SPB Consumer Staples 92.71 5.6 9.9 (3.4) (56.33) 12.3 26.8<br />
Thermo Fisher Scientific TMO Health Care 125.47 50.8 64.4 (11.5) (28.43) 15.4 25.4<br />
TransDigm Group Inc. TDG Industrials 215.06 12.3 20.1 (6.4) (112.81) 16.4 28.6<br />
Valeant Pharmaceuticals VRX Health Care 168.87 59.3 91.5 (33.9) (96.67) 16.3 61.5<br />
(1) As of October 15, 2015. Source: Bloomberg and Thomson consensus estimates, company filings and guidance, JHL research. Multiples based on forward earnings estimates.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 13
The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Cycle<br />
From March 2009, to its peak on July 20, 2015, the <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index surged almost 1,000% during a period when the S&P 500 Index rose<br />
215%.<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index vs. S&P 500 Index<br />
MARCH 9, 2009 – JULY 20, 2015<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index<br />
S&P 500 Index<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
Source: Bloomberg, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 14
The <strong>Platform</strong> Company Model<br />
The Outsiders: Eight Unconventional CEOs and Their Radically Rational Blueprint for Success<br />
“They disdained dividends, made disciplined (occasionally large) acquisitions,<br />
used leverage selectively, bought back a lot of stock, minimized taxes, ran<br />
decentralized organizations, and focused on cash flow over reported net income.”<br />
- William N. Thorndike<br />
Bill Anders (General Dynamics)<br />
Warren Buffett (Berkshire Hathaway)<br />
Katharine Graham (The Washington Post)<br />
John Malone (TCI)<br />
Tom Murphy (Capital Cities)<br />
Henry Singleton (Teledyne)<br />
Dick Smith (General Cinema)<br />
Bill Stiritz (Ralston Purina)<br />
The new buzzword is Zero-Based Budgeting.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 15
<strong>Platform</strong> Tactics: Creative Accounting by Healthcare Companies (1)<br />
Branded pharmaceuticals typically have a maximum patent life of 20 years. Historically, generic drugs have had annual price declines.<br />
GAAP vs. Non-GAAP Earnings Per Share ($)<br />
2015E<br />
Equity Value vs. Tangible Book Value ($ in billions)<br />
OCTOBER 15, 2015<br />
Non-GAAP EPS<br />
GAAP EPS<br />
Equity Value<br />
TBV<br />
$100<br />
$500<br />
$400<br />
$75<br />
$300<br />
$50<br />
$200<br />
$100<br />
$25<br />
$0<br />
($100)<br />
$0<br />
($200)<br />
GAAP earnings are lower for a reason. The amortization is real.<br />
(1) Healthcare companies in <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index.<br />
Source: Bloomberg consensus, midpoint of company guidance when available, company filings, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 16
<strong>Platform</strong> Tactics: Aggressive Pricing<br />
Aggressive price inflation may not be sustainable in healthcare or other sectors as cyclical and regulatory pressures surface.<br />
$880<br />
Q3 2015<br />
Valeant<br />
$215<br />
Q4 2013<br />
Marathon<br />
$48<br />
Q1 2013<br />
Hospira<br />
Nitropress (VRX)<br />
+310%<br />
+348%<br />
Per vial<br />
$1,473<br />
Q1 2015<br />
Valeant<br />
$180<br />
Q4 2013<br />
Marathon<br />
$40<br />
Q1 2013<br />
Hospira<br />
Isuprel (VRX)<br />
+720%<br />
+350%<br />
Per vial<br />
$3,391<br />
Q1 2015<br />
$1,945<br />
Q3 2012<br />
$800<br />
Q2 2010<br />
$315<br />
Q1 2008<br />
Jazz<br />
Xyrem (JAZZ)<br />
+977%<br />
Per vial<br />
Q1 2015<br />
Mayne Pharma<br />
$1,849<br />
Q1 2014<br />
Actavis<br />
$20<br />
Q4 2013<br />
Warner Chilcott<br />
Doryx (AGN)<br />
+9,145%<br />
Per 500 tablets<br />
Single Serve Desserts (KHC) Powdered Tea (KHC) Frozen Dinners (KHC) Ketchup (KHC)<br />
+21%<br />
yoy<br />
+22%<br />
yoy<br />
+25-78%<br />
yoy<br />
+11%<br />
yoy<br />
Source: IMS, Wall Street Journal, Pixabay, Citibank, PriceRX, Wolters Kluwer, US House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, IRI, The Nielsen Company, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 17
<strong>Platform</strong> Tactics: Creative Tax Structures<br />
Tax arbitrage has been a critical value driver for many platform companies.<br />
Tax Rate Before and After Inversion Deals<br />
YEAR WHEN TAX INVERSION DEAL CLOSED<br />
45%<br />
Tax Rate Prior to Inversion<br />
2015E Non-GAAP Tax Rate<br />
30%<br />
15%<br />
0%<br />
VRX<br />
(2010)<br />
JAZZ<br />
(2012)<br />
AGN<br />
(2013)<br />
PRGO<br />
(2013)<br />
ENDP<br />
(2014)<br />
HZNP<br />
(2014)<br />
MYL<br />
(2015)<br />
Source: Company filings, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 18
<strong>Platform</strong> Tactics: Acquisitions Financed with Low Cost Leverage<br />
Leverage for the <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index companies has increased dramatically over time.<br />
Total Acquisitions ($ in billions) (1)<br />
2009 – 2015 YTD<br />
$450<br />
Total Debt Issuance ($ in billions) (1)<br />
2009 – 2015 YTD<br />
$300<br />
$300<br />
$200<br />
$150<br />
$100<br />
$0<br />
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
YTD<br />
$0<br />
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015<br />
YTD<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> companies have accessed low cost debt financing for an accelerating volume of acquisitions.<br />
Will deals still prove accretive in a more normalized interest rate environment?<br />
(1) Includes deals announced but not closed. Debt issuance expected as stated by company press releases.<br />
Source: Company filings, Capital IQ, Bloomberg, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 19
Regulatory Response to <strong>Platform</strong> Tactics – Federal<br />
“In recent months, there have been reports of a number of corporate inversion transactions designed to<br />
change the tax domicile of a U.S.-based multinational firm with minimal change in its business operations…<br />
we should prevent companies from effectively renouncing their citizenship to get out of paying taxes.”<br />
– Jacob Lew, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, July 15, 2014<br />
“Price gouging like this in the specialty drug market is outrageous. Tomorrow I’ll lay out a plan to take it on.”<br />
– Hillary Clinton, Sep 21, 2015<br />
“Exclusive: U.S. probes allegations AB InBev seeking to curb craft beer distribution”<br />
– Reuters, Oct 12, 2015<br />
“Valeant subpoenaed by U.S. prosecutors over U.S. drug pricing”<br />
– Reuters, Oct 15, 2015<br />
The Federal political pressure has begun. It’s “front page news.”<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 20
Regulatory Response to <strong>Platform</strong> Tactics – State<br />
“Massachusetts bill seeks to rein in prices of some drugs… Similar ‘transparency’ legislation has been filed<br />
in New York, California, Pennsylvania, Texas, North Carolina, and Oregon, though the specifics of each deal<br />
vary”<br />
– Boston Globe, Aug 10, 2015<br />
“Turing Drug Distribution Probed by N.Y. After Price Hike”<br />
– Bloomberg, Oct 13, 2015<br />
“AB InBev Holds Talks With Regulators About California Deals”<br />
– Bloomberg, Oct 13, 2015<br />
The State political pressure has begun. It’s “front page news.”<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 21
The <strong>Platform</strong> Bust<br />
The prevailing wisdom of “lower for longer” will not last forever. A rising interest rate environment, global macroeconomic weakness and/or<br />
stock market volatility may further pressure today’s conglomerates.<br />
• Acquisitions have grown in size<br />
making integration difficult<br />
• Regulators questioning<br />
aggressive pricing, tax practices<br />
and anti-competitive behavior<br />
Reality Fails to<br />
Meet Inflated<br />
Expectations<br />
Interest Rates<br />
and Stock Market<br />
Volatility Rising<br />
• Fed ended asset purchases in<br />
October 2014<br />
• Equity market volatility has<br />
increased in the second half of 2015<br />
• Rising debt costs and deflated<br />
share prices will slow down pace of<br />
acquisitions<br />
• Cost discipline cannot indefinitely<br />
offset volume and/or intangible<br />
asset value declines<br />
• Break in psychology<br />
• When will investors become more<br />
focused on earnings quality?<br />
Conglomerates<br />
will Experience<br />
Pressure<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 22
The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom – Bust Cycle<br />
Since March 2009, the <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index surged almost 1,000% during a period when the S&P 500 Index rose 215%. Since July 20, 2015,<br />
the <strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index has plummeted 24%.<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index vs. S&P 500 Index<br />
MARCH 9, 2009 – OCTOBER 15, 2015<br />
1100<br />
1000<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index<br />
S&P 500 Index<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
[24%]<br />
?<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016<br />
Source: Bloomberg, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 23
The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom – Bust Case Study: Valeant<br />
Michael Pearson led Valeant through a series of acquisitions, including a tax inversion, that fueled strong stock performance. The shares<br />
have started to rerate on regulatory scrutiny over aggressive pricing policy.<br />
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Stock Price<br />
JANUARY 2, 2008 – OCTOBER 15, 2015<br />
$300<br />
Sep 21, 2015: Hillary Clinton tweets<br />
about pharma price gouging<br />
$250<br />
$200<br />
$150<br />
$100<br />
$50<br />
+3,452%<br />
in 7 years<br />
Feb 4, 2008: Michael<br />
Pearson becomes<br />
Valeant CEO<br />
Jun 21, 2010: Valeant<br />
merges with Biovail and<br />
relocates to Canada<br />
Apr 22, 2014: Valeant<br />
announces proposal<br />
to acquire Allergan<br />
May 28, 2013:<br />
Valeant acquires<br />
Bausch & Lomb<br />
Feb 22, 2015: Valeant<br />
acquires Salix Pharma<br />
Nov 17, 2014:<br />
Actavis acquires Allergan<br />
Sep 28, 2015:<br />
US House Democrats<br />
launch investigation<br />
into drug pricing and<br />
request to subpoena<br />
Valeant<br />
$0<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016<br />
[40%]<br />
?<br />
Oct 15, 2015:<br />
Valeant under<br />
investigation by<br />
Federal prosecutors<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Wall Street Journal, Valeant and Actavis press releases, Twitter, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 24
Valeant Valuation<br />
The market has granted Valeant $48.4 billion of “<strong>Platform</strong> Value” to its Outsider CEO improvements, cost of capital advantage and tax<br />
arbitrage. Arguably, this platform premium is even greater because most of Valeant’s assets have a finite shelf life.<br />
VRX at Cost (2008-Today)<br />
VRX at Market (Today)<br />
Total Enterprise<br />
Value<br />
$91.5bn<br />
“<strong>Platform</strong> Value”<br />
$48.4bn<br />
Equity Value<br />
$59.3bn<br />
Pearson and M&A<br />
$43.1bn<br />
Net Debt and<br />
Minority Interest<br />
$32.2bn<br />
Regardless of one’s view of this “<strong>Platform</strong> Value,” it now makes little sense for a creditor to want to be<br />
long this risk. Valeant’s five-year spreads have widened 160 bps in the last month.<br />
*Market data as of October 15, 2015. Pro forma for announced deals.<br />
Source: Company filings, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 25
If Valeant = Leasco…<br />
Leasco reached too far and was killed politically. This process has begun for Valeant.<br />
Leasco Data Processing Equipment Corporation Stock Price<br />
SEPTEMBER 27, 1966 – AUGUST 14, 1970<br />
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Stock Price<br />
JANUARY 2, 2008 – OCTOBER 15, 2015<br />
$300<br />
$300<br />
$250<br />
$200<br />
$150<br />
$100<br />
$50<br />
$0<br />
(87%)<br />
in 17<br />
months<br />
+5,495%<br />
in 4 years<br />
IPO (1)<br />
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970<br />
$250<br />
$200<br />
$150<br />
$100<br />
$50<br />
+3,452%<br />
in 7 years<br />
[40%]<br />
?<br />
$0<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016<br />
(1) Leasco filed for IPO in June 1965, but traded OTC until September 27, 1966.<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Chicago Booth Center for Research in Security Prices, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 26
Conglomerate Boom – Bust Comparisons<br />
The platform boom was larger and more prolonged than the 1960s bubble, exacerbated by financial repression, low cost debt and tax<br />
arbitrage.<br />
Conglomerate Indices vs. S&P 500 Indices<br />
MARCH 9, 2009 – OCTOBER 15, 2015 vs. AUGUST 9, 1962 – DECEMBER 31, 1970<br />
1100<br />
<strong>Platform</strong> Boom Index Current S&P 500 Index 1960s Conglomerate Index 1960s S&P 500 Index<br />
1000<br />
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
[24%]<br />
?<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Chicago Booth Center for Research in Security Prices, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 27
Outsiders and Cycles<br />
“We did set an aspirational target to be a top five pharma company by the end of 2016. A couple years ago,<br />
about the same time we set the aspiration of being a top 15 pharma company by the end of 2013, which a<br />
lot of people were highly skeptical of, but fortunately we were able to do that and so we figured that would be<br />
about $150 billion market cap roughly…”<br />
– Michael Pearson, CEO of Valeant Pharmaceuticals<br />
“We’d love to take a look at Coca-Cola… We could run it with 200 people.”<br />
- Jorge Lemann, Co-founder of 3G Capital<br />
“We’ll buy a second, a third and one day we’ll be able to say: ‘Hello Mr. Comcast!’ or ‘Hello, Mr. Charter!”<br />
- Patrick Drahi, Founder of Altice<br />
When an Outsider meets a cycle, it is likely the cycle whose reputation will remain intact.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 28
Bust Comparison<br />
All platform companies will be affected now that the feedback loop has gone into reverse.<br />
v1.0 v2.0<br />
1960s<br />
PLATFORMS<br />
Company Leasco Teledyne Valeant<br />
Kraft Heinz<br />
AB InBev<br />
CEO / Leader Saul Steinberg Henry Singleton Michael Pearson<br />
3G Capital<br />
Jorge Lemann<br />
Perception Bad Good Bad? Good?<br />
Peak-to-Trough Decline (87%) (89%) [40%]?<br />
KHC [14%]?<br />
ABI BB [23%]?<br />
Source: Bloomberg, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 29
The <strong>Platform</strong> Boom – Bust Case Study: AB InBev<br />
Serial acquirer Anheuser-Busch InBev’s stock price is faltering as the company announces the largest consumer acquisition ever.<br />
Anheuser-Busch InBev Stock Price<br />
JANUARY 2, 2008 – OCTOBER 15, 2015<br />
€ 120<br />
€ 100<br />
€ 80<br />
€ 60<br />
€ 40<br />
+1,052%<br />
in 7 years<br />
Jan 23, 2015:<br />
AB InBev<br />
acquires Elysian<br />
Brewing<br />
Nov 5, 2014:<br />
AB InBev acquires<br />
10 Barrel Brewing<br />
Feb 5, 2014:<br />
AB InBev acquires<br />
Blue Point Brewing<br />
[23%]<br />
?<br />
Oct 13, 2015:<br />
AB InBev announces<br />
SABMiller acquisition<br />
for $106bn<br />
€ 20<br />
Mar 28, 2011:<br />
AB InBev acquires<br />
Goose Island Brewery<br />
Nov 18, 2008:<br />
Merger of Anheuser-Busch and InBev is completed<br />
€ 0<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016<br />
Source: Bloomberg, Wall Street Journal, AB InBev press releases, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 30
Looming Debt Maturities are Larger than in 2009<br />
Companies will very likely have to refinance their debts at higher interest rates.<br />
US High-Yield and Leveraged Loan Maturities ($ in billions)<br />
2009 – 2017 vs. 2015 - 2023<br />
HY & LL 12/31/2008 HY & LL 9/30/2015<br />
$500<br />
$400<br />
$300<br />
$200<br />
$100<br />
$0<br />
2009 2015 2010 2016 2011 2017 2012 2018 2013 2019 2014 2020 2015 2021 2016 2022 2017 2023<br />
Source: Credit Suisse, JHL research.<br />
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This Bull Market<br />
This cycle has been the largest bull market in history, relative to nominal GDP growth.<br />
S&P 500 Index return is greater than GDP growth<br />
Difference between Annualized S&P 500 Index Return and Nominal GDP Growth<br />
14%<br />
1982-1987<br />
5%<br />
1957-1962<br />
3%<br />
2%<br />
1962-1966<br />
2002-2008<br />
0%<br />
1970-1973<br />
(2%)<br />
1966-1970<br />
GDP growth is greater than S&P 500 Index return<br />
14%<br />
2009-2015<br />
(2%)<br />
1974-1982<br />
7%<br />
8%<br />
1949-1957 1987-2001<br />
Increasing Duration of Bull Market<br />
Source: Bloomberg, JHL research.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 32
DEATH, TAXES & CYCLES<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution. © 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved. 33
Conglomerate Boom 2.0:<br />
A <strong>Stable</strong> <strong>Platform</strong>?<br />
October 20, 2015<br />
The opinions set forth in this Presentation are solely<br />
observations of JHL Capital Group LLC, and do not<br />
constitute investment advice or recommendations.<br />
Strictly confidential. Not for public distribution.<br />
© 2015 JHL Capital Group LLC. All rights reserved.