Appendix 1 - IRRI

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Abstract From September 29’ to October gth, 1999, a CRIFC-IRRI cooperative exploration and collection mission for wild species of rice was carried out in Irian Jaya of Indonesia by a joint team. This team was composed of members from Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology (RIFCB), Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRIFC), Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (AARD), Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor; Agriculture Extension Office of Irian Jaya, Indonesia; and Genetic Resources Center, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baiios, Philippines. The collecting team had an exploration in certain areas of Jayapura, Merauke, and Jaya Wijaya districts with reasonable accessibility. The collecting team found and collected wild species of rice (Oryza) in Merauke district, but no wild rice species were found in the areas we visited in Jayapura and Jaya Wijaya districts. The local agriculture extension workers and farmers from Jayapura, and Jaya Wijaya were not aware of any wild rice species. Four wild species of rice were collected during our mission; these were Oryza ofjcinalis, 0. Zongiglumis, 0. rufipogon, and 0. meridionalis. The annual and diploid wild rice, 0. meridionalis that was considered as an Australian endemic species, was first found and documented in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Traditional rice varieties were also collected from mountainous region in Wamena. A total number of 38 samples, including some vegetative samples were collected (see Appendix 1) and has been deposited in the genebank of IRFCB. Duplicate seed samples of the collection have been hand carried by Dr. Bao-Rong Lu to the IRRI International Rice Genebank for safe back-up storage, with the necessary export permit from the Indonesia authority and import permit from the Philippine authority. The composition of the collections was: Oryza officinalis 9 Oryza longiglumis 7 (including vegetative samples) Oryza rufipogon 6 (including vegetative samples) Oqza meridionalis 7 Oryza sa tiva 9 Oryza officinalis was commonly found in the open swampy lands, dried ponds, and deserted fields, along the canals, streams, and roadsides. 0. longiglumis occurred exclusively inside the forests in habitats under shade and with sufficient moisture. 0. rufipogon were collected mainly in swamps, along canals, and at the edge of the forests with water logs. 0. meridionalis was found in a wide range of habitats, such as in swampy low lands, depression forests, along or inside canals, and in farmers’ rice fields. Farmers from Merauke district had certain knowledge on wild rice species, they usually called wild rice as “Padi Padian” (means rice occurs in a big mass or wild rice), “Miyang Padi” (awned rice), Padi Rawa (swamp rice), Rumput (Grass), Padi Hutan (jungle or forest rice), Padi Rawa Hitam (black swamp rice), and Padi Ketan Hitam (black sticky rice). The Irianese tribal people (Marind) called 0. officinalis as “Ovall” and 0. rujpogon as “Hass”, although no specific meanings of these names were indicated.
Farmers also noticed the variation in wild rice populations with red awned and white awned individuals. These reflect the common occurrence of wild rice in Irian Jaya. The traditional stable foods for the local tribal people are mainly sago and tuber crops, such as cassava, sweet potato, yam, and taro. Rice was introduced by the transimmigrants in the early 1980s and is now preferred by many people including the local tribal people. More rice varieties, including IR 64 and IR 66, were introduced to Merauke in a large scale by the Agriculture Extension Office in 1994. Now the rice growing area in Merauke is about 20,000 hectares, accounting for 2% of the area where the climate was suitable for rice production (1 million has.), with average yield of about 4.5 ton/ha. This change made rice become the largest crop, followed by sweet potato. Therefore, there will be a great potential for rice production in Merauke, when irrigation system is in place. The common farming practices by the trans-immigrants are slash-and-bum. As a consequence, the survival of many wild rice populations occurring in the forests will be under threat, with the destruction of the forests. Farmers noticed the occurrence of wild rice species, particularly 0. officinalis and 0. meridionalis, as weeds in their fields, and they deliberately cleaned wild rices in their fields. The intensive grazing by farmer’s animals to the wild rice also caused extinction of many wild rice populations in the area. All these would cause serious genetic erosion of wild rice germplasm in the future in Irian Jaya. Conservation of wild rice species in a timely manner would be necessary to guarantee the long-term availability of this important germplasm. Members of the collecting team Mrs. T. Sudiaty Silitonga (Team Leader), Head, Laboratory Genebank & Genetics, Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology (RIFCB), Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRIFC), Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (AARD), Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia (for the whole collecting trip) Mr. Jumanta, Technician, Laboratory Genebank & Genetics, Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology (RIFCB), Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRIFC), Agency for Agricultural and Development (AARD), Ministry of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia (for the whole collecting trip) Mr. Pieter Payuang, Extension Officer, Agriculture Extension Office of Jayapura Subdivision, Jayapura, Indonesia (Exploration in Jayapura) Mr. Ridwan, Driver, Agriculture Extension Office of Jayapura subdivision, Jayapura, Indonesia (Exploration in Jayapura) Mr. Christian, Driver, Agriculture Extension Office of Jayapura subdivision, Jayapura, Indonesia (Exploration in Jayapura) Mr. Agus Tanati, Extension Officer, Agriculture Extension Office of Monokwari District, Monokwari, Indonesia (Exploration in Jayapura)
Page 1: A Report On CRIFC-IRRI Cooperative
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgement I would like to ack
Page 7 and 8: successful and all the participants
Page 9 and 10: visited in Jayapura and Jaya Wijaya
Page 11 and 12: possibly brought to the New Guinea
Page 13 and 14: References Aggarwal, R. K., D. S. B
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. The collecting team is ex
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6. Mr. Natalis Tany is colle
Page 19 and 20: Figure 10. A close up picture showi
Page 21 and 22: Figure 14. Otyza Zongiglumis is exc
Page 23: Figure 18. Vegetative samples of Or
Page 26: Appendix 1 Passport data of wild an

Appendix 1 - IRRI

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