Appendix 1 - IRRI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Background and previous collection for wild rice in Indonesia Indonesia is rich in wild rice genetic resources apart from its abundant traditional rice varieties. Seven to eight wild rice species which have been reported to occur in Indonesia, these are Oryza rufipogon, 0. officinalis, 0. ridleyi, 0. longiglumis, 0. granulata, 0. meyeriana, and 0. schlechteri (Vaughan 1994). The tetraploid perennial 0. minuta is probably distributed in Irian Jaya, because some samples of this species have been collected from southwestern part of Papua New Guinea near to the boarder with Irian Jaya. Some weedy types of rice were also found in this country. IRRI has been actively collaborated with the Central Research Institute for Food Crops (CRlFC), Agency of Agricultural Research and Development (AARD), and other institution, in exploring and collecting rice germplasm, including the wild species of rice. At least five cooperative collecting missions have been conducted by colleagues from IRRI and CRIFC in West Java (Vaughan 1988), South Sumatra (Vaughan 1989a), North Sumatra (Vaughan 1990), West Kalimantan (Vaughan 1992), and Central Sulawesi (Lu 1998). Five wild rice species, i.e., 0. r@pogon, 0. officinalis, 0. ridleyi, 0. meyeriana, and 0. granulata, as well as some weedy types of rice, were found and collected during these missions. In order to accelerate the SDC funded rice biodiversity conservation project, in which Indonesia is one of the participating countries, and to collect rice germplasm, particularly wild rice species in the uncollected areas of the country, a joint collecting mission was targeted to Irian Jaya by CRIFC and IRRI in 1998. However, due to some difficulties in Irian Jaya in 1998, this planned collecting mission was postponed to this year (1999). The traditional staple food crops in Irian Jaya are mainly sago and tuber crops, such as sweet potato, cassava, yam, and taro. Cultivated rice was introduced to the area in the beginning of 1980s occasionally by people who moved to Irian Jaya from other parts of the country. Irian Jaya is a region with large diversity of wild rice species (probably 6-8 species could be found there), but very limited explorations for rice germplasm have been made. Only a few collections of herbarium specimens of wild rice species were made in the 19th century by the Dutch botanists in areas between Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. There has never been a collecting trip to Irian Jaya particularly aimed for wild rice species. Because of the expected difficulties in culture and language, and identification of the collecting sites for wild rice species in Irian Jaya, we planned to bring some local agriculture extension workers along the trip, to facilitate the collecting activities. However, both agriculture extension workers and farmers from Irian Jaya have very limited knowledge on wild rices, in terms of morphological identification, ecological habitats, collecting skills, and other related aspects. Therefore, prior to the collecting mission, we conducted a two-day training workshop on “field collection and conservation of wild rice germplasm” in the Institute for Teacher Training (Balai Penataran Guru: BPG), in Abepura, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, involving local agriculture extension workers and personnel from other institutes. Mr. Idrus Muhammad, the Director of Provincial Agriculture Extension Office of Irian Jaya and Irian Jaya Regional Department of Agriculture officially opened the training workshop. The training workshop was 5
successful and all the participants have gained knowledge on conservation of wild rice species. Some of the participants joined our collection trips thereafter in different districts, respectively, in Irian Jaya. General information of the areas we visited and collecting routes Originally, we planned to visit five districts, namely, Jayapura, Merauke, Jaya Wijaya, Monokwari, and Sorong. But due to time limitation and some other difficulties in certain areas, we were only able to visit Jayapura, Merauke, and Jaya Wijaya districts. Figure 1 illustrates the areas we covered, with approximate travelling routes and the collecting sites of the rice germplasm. The locations of the collecting sites were captured by a global positioning system (GPS). Jayapura - Jayapura lies in the northwest of Irian Jaya, and the majority of the land is covered by forests. The traditional staple food is mainly sago starch, and in some areas tuber crops were also grown. The local people were not familiar with rice. We traveled for two days at the altitudes from a few to 200 meters above sea level in Jayapura, Sentani, and Muratami subdistrict, specifically to examine the ideal habitats for wild rice, such as swamps, streams, canals, and lakes (Figure 2), but we did not find any wild rice species. We interviewed some local farmers in the areas we visited, and no one knew anything about wild rice (Figure 3). When we showed picture of wild rice species to these farmers, some of them said that they saw some similar type of grasses in other parts of Irian Jaya, such as in Merauke and Monokwari. The agriculture extension workers from these areas did not have knowledge on wild rice either. Merauke - Merauke district lies in the southeast of Irian Jaya and is facing Arafura Sea, with latitude between 4” 25’ - 9” 5’ south and longitude between 137” 30’ - 14” 00’ east. The major area of the district (93.34%) is at the altitudes varying from 0- 100 meters above the sea level, and a small part of upland area (6.66%) ranging between 1 OO- 1,000 meters. Almost all the areas of the district have topography as plain level. The temperature ranges between 22.6 “C - 33.2 “C. The average rainfall in the Merauke town is about 1,350 mm per year. The swampy area has argonosal and alluvial soils and is periodically flooded, whereas the hilly area has yellow-red podzolik soils. The Merauke district is composed of 18 subdistricts with a total population of ca. 296,400. The district is characterized by two distinct seasons. During the wet season (from January to May) many places were under flooding and land transportation becomes very difficult, but during the dry season drought became a serious problem. Many fields were cracking because the moisture content in the soil was tremendously reduced (Figures 12 and 21). In Merauke district the condition of many roads was very poor and there were only limited roads extended from Merauke town. The traditional staple food was sago, cassava, yam, sweet potato, and taro. Rice varieties, including IR 64 and IR 66, were introduced to Merauke in a large scale by the Agriculture Extension Office of Merauke in 1994. Now the rice growing area in Merauke is about 20,000 hectares, with average yield of about 4.5 ton/h, according to the information provided by Agriculture Extension Office of Merauke. This change made 6
Page 1 and 2: A Report On CRIFC-IRRI Cooperative
Page 3 and 4: Farmers also noticed the variation
Page 5: Acknowledgement I would like to ack
Page 9 and 10: visited in Jayapura and Jaya Wijaya
Page 11 and 12: possibly brought to the New Guinea
Page 13 and 14: References Aggarwal, R. K., D. S. B
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2. The collecting team is ex
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6. Mr. Natalis Tany is colle
Page 19 and 20: Figure 10. A close up picture showi
Page 21 and 22: Figure 14. Otyza Zongiglumis is exc
Page 23: Figure 18. Vegetative samples of Or
Page 26: Appendix 1 Passport data of wild an

Appendix 1 - IRRI

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?