NATIONAL

103
Bicakci, Berger, and Haxton, “The Nonacademic Careers of STEM PhD Holders.”
104
Indicators 2014, 1-12.
105
Non-school factors include family characteristics such as primary home language and parenting style,
personality traits, health-related factors, and neighborhood characteristics, such as the unemployment
rate, concentration of poverty, and incidence of violence. Jeffrey Henig and S. Paul Reville, “Why
Attention Will Return to Nonschool Factors,” Education Week, 23 May 2011; Indicators 2014, 1-13.
106
Catherine Hill, Christianne Corbett, and Andresse St. Rose “Why So Few? Women in Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics,” (Washington, DC: AAUW, 2010). Retrieved from:
http://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-
Mathematics.pdf.
107
Hill, Corbett, and St. Rose, “Why So Few?” 2010.
108
National Academies, “Expanding Underrepresented Minority Participation,” (Washington, DC: National
Academies Press, 2011). Retrieved from: https://grants.nih.gov/training/minority_participation.pdf.
109
For an example of activities to support the entry of individuals, including veterans, with disabilities into
STEM see the work of KC-BANCS at http://www.kcstemalliance.org/about.
110
Billy Mitchell, “OPM targets vets for Federal STEM jobs,” Feds Hire Vets, 4 November 2014. Retrieved
from: http://www.fedshirevets.gov/BLOG/FHVNews/2014/11/6/OPM-targets-vets-for-Federal-STEMjobs/.
111
Anthony Carnevale, Tamara Jayasundera, and Andrew Hanson, “Career and Technical Education: Five
Ways That Pay Along the Way to the B.A.” (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Center on Education
and the Workforce, 2012). Retrieved from: https://georgetown.app.box.com/s/jd4r0nwvjtq12g1olx8v.
36 REVISITING THE STEM WORKFORCE