Mystery of Melchzedek

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THE MYSTERY OF MELKIZEDEK: M. M. NINAN CHAPTER THREE SALEM Psalm 76.2 identifies Salem as Zion (c.f. Josephus, Flavius of c. 37 AD in Antiquities of the Jews 7.3.2History of the Jewish War 6..10.1); and all the Targums (Aramaic explanatory translations or paraphrasing of the Hebrew Scriptures.) render Salem as Jerusalem. So also does the Qumran Genesis Apocryphon (1Q 20 XXII found in Cave 1). Jerome noted that the Hebrews identified Salem as Jerusalem . Catholic Encyclopaedia gives the following details: “According to Jewish tradition (Josephus, "Antiq. Jud.", I, 10:1; Targum Onkelos, Genesis 14:18), Jerusalem was originally called Salem (Peace), and was the capital of King Melchisedech (Genesis 14:18). This tradition is confirmed by the cuneiform tablets discovered in 1888 at Tell Amarna, in Egypt. Five of these letters, written at Jerusalem about the year 1400 B.C., inform us that the city was then called U-ru-sa-lim. It figures in Assyrian inscriptions under the name of Ur-sa-li-im-mu. According to the Assyrian syllabaries, uru and ur signify "city" (Hebrew ir). In several of the Tell Armana Tablets the word salim is used in the sense of "peace". Ursalim, therefore, means "City of Peace". 12
THE MYSTERY OF MELKIZEDEK: M. M. NINAN The Psalmist, too, connects Salem with Sion: "He hath his tabernacle in Salem, and his abode upon the mountain of Sion" [Psalm 75:3]. When the Israelites came into the Land of Promise, Jerusalem was in the power of the Jebusites, and bore the name of Jebus. The Hebrews, however, were not ignorant of its ancient name; they often called it Jerusalem (Joshua 10:1; Judges 19:10; 2 Samuel 5:6, etc.). In other passages of the Bible it is called Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 3:5; Jeremiah 26:18; Esther 2:6, etc.). The Septuagint. writes its name Ierousalem. Under the hellenizing influences which invaded Palestine, Salem became Solyma (Antiq. Jud., I, x, 2), and Jerusalem ta Ierosolyma (The Holy Solyma) (1 Maccabees 1:14, 20; 2 Maccabees 1:10; Bell. Jud., VI, 10:etc.). The New Testament employs sometimes the Septuagint form and sometimes that of Macabees, which the Vulgate renders by Jerusalem and Jerosolyma. The Syriac Version gives Uris lem, a form more nearly approaching the Assyrian. When the Emperor Hadrian rebuilt the city, A.D. 136, he gave it the name of Ælia Capitolina. From the Mohammedan conquest of Palestine, in the seventh century, until our own times, the Arabs have called it El Quds, "The Holy" --the ir haq qodes, or "Holy City", of II Esd., xi, 18 (cf. Matthew 4:5, etc). Among all other people the name Jerusalem has continued in use until now.” Herbert Donner (The Mosaic Map of Madaba, Kampen 1992, 37-38) Ainon (from Semitic 'ayn "spring") is one of the traditional places where St. John the Baptist was said to have baptized; it is also mentioned by the pilgrim Etheria, ch. 15:1-6. It was situated in the vicinity of Salumias. Salumias. Also mentioned as Sedima in Etheria, ch. 13:3-14:3. The village is probably identical with Hirbat Hisas ad- Der near Tall ar-Ridgha (coord. 199-200) about 12 km south of Besan. It was one of the traditional places where the king and priest Melchizedek was said to have met Abraham according to Gen. 14:18- 20 (H. Donner, ZDPV 83, 1967, p. 20f.). Other possibilities that do not carry much evidence include the following: 13
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