22 - upf trigo-aveia-cevada Inglês

AGRONOMY AND VETENARY MEDICINE
PASSO FUNDO UNIVERSITY
Campus São José - CP 566, CEP 99001-970 – Passo Fundo, RS
Phone: +55 54 316 8167
Passo Fundo, 12th February 2006.
Dear Sir.
We are sending the results of the use of PT4-O, Turboflower and AVE, in
white oat, beer barley and wheat cultures, harvest 2005.
We believe that the yield could have been better if the treatment of the
seeds were done with fungicides and insecticides, since, especially in the barley;
there was a high incidence of VNAC in the beginning of the culture development.
Another aspect that has affected in a negative way the culture’s yield was
the intense rain of October (approximately 400 mm), in the period of grain
stuffing and maturation.
However significant differences were verified among the various
treatments evaluated, when compared to the control.
We would be glad to provide further explanations.
We are also sending the receipt of the contract second parcel’s payment,
due on April 3 rd 2006.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Prof. Dr. Elmar Luiz Floss
Researchers
Ilmo. Sr.
JOSÉ GUERRA
Director of – LBE – Biotechnology to life,
FLORIANÓPOLIS – SC.
1

THE EFFECTS OF THE LBE PRODUCTS ON THE WHITE OAT (cv. UPFA 20 –
Teixeirinha) CULTURE IN PASSO FUNDO, HARVEST 2005.
INTRODUCTION
With the greater economic importance of the white oat culture (Avena sativa L.) in the South
region of Brazil, new technologies are been created to guarantee a rise of productivity, a better
industrial quality and profit-making on this culture. Among these technologies are the products
developed by the LBE, through seeds and foliar treatments.
The beneficial effects of these chemical products, over the economic point of view, depends
on many factors, including the kind of soil, the yielding potential of the seeds, the climatic
conditions of the region and the agricultural practices used by the producers.
The aim of this project was to evaluate the commercial products AVE-O and Turboflower
applied to the aerial part and PT-4-O, seeds way, regarding the yield, industrial quality and other
characteristics of the white oat seeds UPFA 20 – Teixeirinha.
METHODOLOGY
The experiment was conduced at the Experimental Camp Of the Agronomy and Medicine
Faculty of the Passo Fundo University, at dystrophic Red Latossoil (latossolo), typical clay texture,
which belongs to the mapping unit “Passo Fundo”. The soil pH was previously corrected and the
experiment was done with a density of 350 able seeds per squared meter. A manuring of 310 kg/ha –1
of the formula: 5-25-25 was done and also a nitrogen manuring of urea, at the stage of 4 expanded
leaves.
The experimental outline used was of random blocks, in four repetitions. Each parcel was
made of 7 lines, 5 meters long, 0,17 m space between the lines and 5 m between the parcels.
The caterpillar and aphids control was done using the application of the insecticides Talcord
(200 mL.ha -1 ), Perfection (400 mL.ha –1 ) and Connect (150 mL.ha -1 ). The control of weeds was done
through the application of bentazon (Basagran, 1,2L.ha-1), at the stage of sprouting.
The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: 1) Control; 2) PT-4-O (seed treatment); 3)
Turboflower (applied at the end of the sprouting); 4) AVE-O + Opera with a dosage reduced by 20%
(start of the blossom); 5) Opera (in normal dosage of 500mL. ha -1 ), at the start of the blossom. In the
treatment of the seeds the product PT-4-O was used, at the dosage of 150ml/100kg of seeds. In the
treatments 1, 2 and 3 an application of the fungicide tebuconazole (Folicur, dose of 750mL. ha -1 ),
applied at the stage of the beginning of the blossom, aiming the control of illnesses of the aerial part
of the plants.
The foliar treatments were done using a costal pulverizer, with constant pressure of CO 2 ,
application the Turboflower, in the dosage of 1 liter per ha, at the final stage of sprouting and AVE-
O (250mL.ha -1 ), together with the fungicide Opera, with a 20% reduced dosage (400 mL. ha -1 ).
2

The study evaluated by the time of the plant emergence; full blossom; maturation date; plant
stature (start of the maturing), weight in thousand grains; grain yield. The stature of the plants was
determined at the maturation stage measuring the plant from the soil level to the apices of the
panicle. The date of the blossom was considered when 50% of the panicle were completely
expanded. In the maturation, 100% of the panicles were completely mature; the parcels were
harvested, using a parcel collector machine Wintersteiger, the cleaning of the grain was done, the
humidity was determined and they were weighted. The obtained weight was expressed in kg. ha -1 ,
based on the uniformity of the humidity in 13%. An electrolithical scale determined the weight of
the electrolyte, with a capacity of 250mL, converting the weight through a specific table to white oat
of kg. hL -1 . The weight in thousand grains (PMG) was also determined, counting 400 seeds picked
randomly and multiplying the obtained weight by 2,5, expressed in grams. The percentage of grains
that were thicker than 2mm was determined from a 50gr. sample and sifted (using a bolter with
oblong orifices 2mm large). The grains that were bigger than 2mm were weighted and the obtained
weight was divided by 50 and multiplied by 100 to express the result in %.
The results of the diverse evaluation were taken to the variance analysis and the average of
the significant treatments was compared by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis of the experiment, has revealed significant differences among the
evaluated treatments, using the Tukey test, at the level of 5% significance, regarding the grain yield
(RG), days of the blossom emergence (DEF), days from the emergence to the maturation (DEM) and
days from the blossom to the maturation (DFM) and there were no significant differences regarding
the electrolyte (PH), weight in thousand grains (PMG), plants stature (EP) and over 2mm grain
thickness.
Grain yielding
The treatment with AVE-O + Opera (-20%) with 3882 kg. ha -1 , not differing from the
treatment with Opera only (3590 kg.ha -1 ), has shown a grain yield slightly superior in relation to the
other treatments (Table 1). The treatment with Turboflower (3418 kg.ha -1 ) was significantly superior
in relation to the control, not differing from the treatments done only with opera and PT-4-O. The
average of the experiment was about 3439 kg. ha -1 , being the variation rate 5,62%.
On the evaluation of the economic aspects of these products use, in the dosage and evaluated
ways, and considering the obtained absolute values when comparing the various treatments yield
compared to the controles’, we may observe an increase of 905 kg.ha-1 with Opera + AVE-O
(+30%), of 613 kg.ha-1 in the treatment only with Opera (+21%), of 441 kg.ha-1 in the treatment
with Turboflower (+ 15%) and of 348 kg, ha –1 in the treatment with PT-4-O (12%), according to
the Table 1. Hence, when mixing the herbicide Only with the AVE-O it did not promote a significant
raise of the grain yield, but an absolute raise of 9%.
3

Table 1 – Effect of the LBE products in the white oat (cv. UPFA 20 – Teixeirinha) grains
yielding (RG), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
Opera
Turboflower
PT-4-O
Control
Average
RG
(kg.ha -1 )
3882 a
3590 ab
3418 b
3325 c
2977 c
3439
5,62
Difference
(kg. ha -1 )
905
613
441
348
-
Relative %
C.V. (%)
Average followed by the same letters in the vertical, do not differ statistically by the Tukey
test, at 5% significance test.
130
121
115
112
100
Hectoliter weight
There were no significant differences among the treatments regarding the grain (PH)
hectoliter weight, being the average of the experiment of 50,6 kg.hL and a variable rate of 1,94%
(Table 2).
Table 2 – LBE products effect in the hectoliter weight (PH) of white oat (cv. UPFA 20 –
Teixeirinha), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
PH
(kg.hL -1 )
Difference
(kg. ha -1 )
Control
51,9 ns
-
PT-4-O
51,2
0,7
Turboflower
50,2
1,7
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
50,1
1,8
Opera
49,8
2,1
Average
50,6
C.V. (%)
1,94
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
Relative %
100
99
97
97
96
Weight of a thousand grains
In relation to the weight of a thousand grains (PMG), there were no statistical differences
among the treatments by the Tukey test, at the level of % significance. As may be seen in table 3.
The average of the experiment was about 35,9g. , with a variable rate of 5,1%.
4

In absolute values, the application of Turboflower or PT-4-O has raised the weight of a
thousand grains in 3%, when compared to the control.
Table 3 – LBE product's effect on the weight of a thousand grains (PMG) of white oat (CV. UPFA
20 – Teixeirinha), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
PMG
(g.)
Difference
(g.)
Turboflower
36,8 ns
1,2
PT-4-O
36,6
1,0
Control
35,6
-
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
35,4
0,2
Opera
35,1
0,5
Average
35,9
C.V. (%)
5,1
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
Relative %
103
103
100
99
99
Grain Thickness
The various treatments did not differ significantly regarding the grain percentage, with
thickness over 2mm, being the experiment’s average of 87,2% and the variation rate of 2,2% (Table
4).
In absolute values, the application of Opera (-20%) + AVE-O or only Opera, has promoted a
raise of 4% in the percentage of grains that were thicker than 2mm, while the application of PT-4-O
and Turboflower has promoted raises of 3% and 1% respectively.
Table 4 - LBE product’s effect on the grain percentage, with thickness over 2mm (PMG) of white
oat (cv. UPFA 20 – Teixeirinha), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
Thickness > 2mm
(%)
Difference
(%)
Turboflower
88,4 ns
1,3
PT-4-O
88,2
1,2
Control
87,6
0,9
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
86,0
0,1
Opera
85,2
-
Average
87,2
C.V. (%)
2,20
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
Relative %
104
104
103
101
100
5

Plants cycle and stature
There were no significant differences among treatments regarding the stature of the plants
(EP), being the average of the experiment of 112,8cm and the variable rate of 2,09% (Table 5).
The application of the various products has promoted a significant rise in the number of days
from the emerging to the blossom (DEF), in relation to the control, being the average of the
experiment of 88,7 days, being the C.V of 0,37% (Table 5).
The application of PT-4-O or only of Opera (-20%), without differing from the treatments
with opera (9-20%) + AVE or Turboflower, have promoted a significant reduction of the total oat
cycle (DEM). The average of the experiment was about 142,9 days and the C.V. of 0,24% (Table 5).
All the treatments have promoted a significant reduction in the number of days from the
blossom to the maturation – DMF, comparing to the control (Table 5), being the average of the
experiment of 54,2 days and the C.V. of 0,83%.
Table 5 – Effect of the LBE products on the plant stature (EP), days from the emergence to the
blossom (DEF), days from the emergence to the maturation (DEM) and days from the blossom to the
maturation (DFM) of the white oat (cv. UPFA 20 – Teixeirinha), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
EP
DEF DEM DFM
(cm.)
PT-4-O
Opera
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
Turboflower
Control
111,8 ns
113,3
115,8
111,0
112,3
89,0 a
88,8 a
89,0 a
88,8 a
88,0 b
142,5 b
142,3 b
143,0 ab
143,0 ab
143,5 a
53,5 b
53,5 b
54,0 b
54,3 b
55,5 a
Average
C.V. (%)
112,8
2,09
88,7
0,37
142,9
0,24
54,2
0,83
Average followed by the same letters in vertical, do not differ statistically by the Tukey test, at the
level of 5% of significance; ns = not significant at the level of 5% of significance.
CONCLUSION
The use of AVE-O, Turboflower and PT-4-O, in the culture of the white oat, in various forms
and doses, should be considered due to the economic results obtained from the difference between
the cost of each treatment and the estimate yielding and other characteristics based on this study
results.
Passo Fundo, Febuary 17 th 2006.
Arg. Eng. Dr. Elmar Luiz Floss
Responsible – CREA 25.169
Agr. Eng. Dr. Mauro Antônio Rizzardi
Director of the Agronomy and Veterinarian Medicine faculty of Passo Fundo’s University
6

Agr. Eng. Irineo Fioreze
Extension Coordinator of the FAMV/UPF
THE EFFECTS OF THE LBE PRODUCTS ON THE BEER BARLEY (cv. BRS 195)
CULTURE IN PASSO FUNDO, HARVEST 2005.
INTRODUCTION
The culture of the beer barley (Hordeum vulgare var. distichum) it is an important alternative
winter culture in the South region of Brazil. To guarantee the rise of productivity and profit making
of this culture, new technologies are being created. Among these technologies are the products
developed by the LBE, through seeds and foliar treatments.
The beneficial effects of these chemical products, over the economic point of view, depends
on many factors, including the kind of soil, the yielding potential of the seeds, the climatic
conditions of the region and the agricultural practices used by the producers.
The aim of this project was to evaluate the commercial products AVE-O and Turboflower
applied to the aerial part and PT-4-O, seeds way, regarding the yield and other characteristics of the
beer barley BRS 195.
METHODOLOGY
The experiment was conduced at the Experimental Camp Of the Agronomy and Medicine
Faculty of the Passo Fundo University, at dystrophic Red Latossoil (latossolo), typical clay texture,
which belongs to the mapping unit “Passo Fundo”. The soil pH was previously corrected and the
experiment was done through the direct sowing over soy culture, on July 9 th 2005. A manuring of
310 kg/ha –1 of the formula: 5-25-25 was done together with a nitrogen manuring cover of 70 kg.ha -1
of urea, when the plants reached the stage of 4 expanded leaves. (Start of the sprouting).
The experimental outline used was of random blocks, in four repetitions. Each parcel was
made of 7 lines, 5 meters long, 0,17m space between the lines and 5 m between the parcels.
The caterpillar and aphids control was done using the application of the insecticides Talcord
(200 mL.ha -1 ), Perfection (400 mL.ha –1 ) and Connect (150 mL.ha -1 ). The control of weeds was done
through the application of Hussar (100g.ha -1 ), at the stage of sprouting.
The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: 1) Control; 2) PT-4-O (seed treatment); 3)
Turboflower (applied at the end of the sprouting); 4) AVE-O + Opera with a dosage reduced by 20%
(start of the blossom); 5) Opera (in normal dosage of 500mL. ha -1 ), at the start of the blossom. In the
treatment of the seeds the product PT-4-O was used, in the dosage of 150ml/100kg of seeds.
The foliar treatments were done using a costal pulverizer, with constant pressure of CO 2 ,
application the Turboflower, in the dosage of 1 liter per ha, at the final stage of sprouting and AVE-
O (250mL.ha -1 ), together with the fungicide Opera, with a 20% reduced dosage (400 mL. ha -1 ).
7

The study was evaluated by the time of the plant emergence; full blossom (50%of the plants
with completely expanded cobs; maturation date (100% of the plants completely mature); plant
stature (start of the maturing), weight in thousand grains; plant stature (height from the soil to the
apices of the cobs, at the maturation state) and the grain yield. In the maturation, the parcels were
harvested, using a parcel collector machine Wintersteiger, the cleaning of the grain was done, the
humidity was determined and the weight was done. The obtained weight was expressed in kg. ha -1 ,
based on the uniformity of the humidity in 13%. The weight in thousand grains (PMG) was also
determined, counting 400 seeds picked randomly and multiplying the obtained weight by 2,5,
expressed in grams.
The results of the diverse evaluation were taken to the variance analysis and the average of
the significant treatments was compared by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis of the experiment, has revealed significant differences among the
evaluated treatments, using the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance, when the grain yield
(RG), days from the emergence to the blossom (DEF) and days from the emergence to the
maturation (DEM) and there were no significant differences regarding the weight of a thousand
grains (PMG, plants stature (EP)) and days from the Blossom to maturation (DFM).
Grain yield
The treatment with AVE-O + Opera (-20%), did not differ much from the treatment only
with Opera and has presented a grain yield superior to the other treatments (Table 1). The
application of only Opera has also been superior to the control, without differing from the treatment
with Turboflower and PT-4-O, which did not differ among them.
The lower yielding may be attributed to the high incidence of the Yellow Dwarfism Virus as
Barley, at the initial stages.
In absolute terms, comparing to the control, the application of AVE-O + Opera (-20%) has
promoted a rise of 672 kg.ha -1 (+44%); the treatment that used only Opera of 488 kg. ha -1 (+32%);
the treatment with Turboflower of 290 kg.ha -1 (+19%) and the treatment with PT-4-O of 123 kg.ha -1
(+ 8%), according to Table 1.
8

Table 1 – Effect of the LBE products in the beer barley (cv. BRS 195) grains yielding (RG),
at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
Opera
Turboflower
PT-4-O
Control
Average
RG
(kg.ha -1 )
2202 a
2018 ab
1820 bc
1653 bc
1530 c
1844
9,15
Difference
(kg. ha -1 )
672
488
290
123
-
Relative %
C.V. (%)
Average followed by the same letters in the vertical, do not differ statistically by the Tukey
test, at 5% significance level.
144
132
119
108
100
Weight of a thousand grains
In relation to the weight of a thousand grains (PMG), there were no statistical differences
among the treatments by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% significance (Table 2). The average of the
experiment was about 32,6g. , with a variable rate of 3,86%.
In absolute values, the PT-4-O treatment has raised the weight of a thousand grains in 5%,
the Opera treatment has raised the weight of a thousand grains in 3%, the Turboflower treatment has
raised the weight of a thousand grains in 2% and the AVE + Opera treatment (-20%) less than 1%,
when compared to the control.
Table 2 – LBE product's effect on the weight of a thousand grains (PMG) of beer barley (cv. BRS
195), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments
PMG
(g.)
Difference
(g.)
PT-4-O
33,4 ns
1,5
Opera
32,9
1,0
Turboflower
32,4
0,5
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
32,1
0,2
Control
31,9
-
Average
35,9
C.V. (%)
5,1
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
Relative %
105
103
102
101
100
9

Plants cycle and stature
There were no significant differences among treatments regarding the stature of the plants
(EP), being the average of the experiment of 61,0 cm and the variable rate of 6,93% (Table 3).
AVE-O + Opera (-20%) and Opera treatments, without differing from Turboflower and PT-4-O
treatments, have promoted a significant increase to the beer barley total cycle (DEM), in relation to
the control (Table 3). The treatments with Turboflower and PT-4-O did not differ from the control
and also did not differ between themselves regarding the DEF. The average of the experiment was
about 101,3 days and the variation rate was about 0,62% (Table 3).
Regarding the days of the blossom to the maturation (DMF), there were no significant
differences among the treatments (Table 3). The average of the experiment was about 41,9 days and
the variation rate was about 2,03%.
Table 3 - Effect of the LBE products on the plants stature (EP), days from the emergence to the
blossom (DEF), days from the emergence to the maturation (DEM) and days from the
blossom to the maturation (DFM) of the beer barley (cv. BRS 195), at Passo Fundo, harvest
of 2005.
Treatments EP (cm.) DEF DEM DFM
Control
PT-4-O
Turboflower
Opera
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
63,0 ns
57,8
61,3
61,3
61,8
100,3 b
101,0 ab
101,5 ab
102,0 a
101,8 a
141,5 b
143,0 b
143,0 b
144,0 ab
144,5 a
41,3 ns
42,0
41,5
42,0
42,8
Average
C.V. (%)
61,0
6,93
101,3
0,62
143,2
0,46
41,9
2,03
Average followed by the same letters in vertical, do not differ statistically by the Tukey test, at the
level of 5% of significance; ns = not significant at the level of 5% of significance.
CONCLUSION
The use of the PT-4-O, Turboflower and AVE-O in the culture of the beer barley, in its
various forms and dosages, must considered due to the economic result obtained, by the difference
between the cost of each treatment and the estimate yield, based on this study results.
.
Passo Fundo, Febuary 17 th 2006
Arg. Eng. Dr. Elmar Luiz Floss
Responsible – CREA 25.169
Agr. Eng. Dr. Mauro Antônio Rizzardi
10

Director of the Agronomy and Veterinarian Medicine faculty of Passo Fundo’s University
Agr. Eng. Irineo Fioreze
Extension Coordinator of the FAMV/UPF
THE EFFECTS OF THE LBE PRODUCTS ON THE WHEAT (cv. LOURO) CULTURE, IN
PASSO FUNDO, HARVEST 2005.
INTRODUCTION
With the greater economic importance of the white oat culture (Triticum aestivum L.) in the
South region of Brazil, new technologies are being created to guarantee a rise in productivity in this
culture. Among these technologies are the products developed by the LBE, to seeds and foliar
treatments.
The beneficial effects of these chemical products, over the economic point of view, depend
on many factors, including the kind of soil, the yielding potential of the seeds, the climatic
conditions of the region and the agricultural practices used by the producers.
The aim of this project was to evaluate the commercial products AVE-O and Turboflower
applied to the aerial part and PT-4-O, seeds way, regarding the yield, industrial quality and other
characteristics of the Louro wheat.
METHODOLOGY
The experiment was conduced at the Experimental Field of the Agronomy and Medicine
Faculty of the Passo Fundo University, at dystrophic Red Latossoil (latossolo), typical clay texture,
which belongs to the mapping unit “Passo Fundo”. The soil pH was previously corrected and the
experiment was done through direct sowing over soy cultivation field, on June 9 th , 2005. A manuring
of 310 kg/ha –1 of the formula: 5-25-25 was done together with a nitrogen manuring of urea with the
covering of 70 kg.ha -1, at the stage of 4 expanded leaves.
The experimental outline used was of random blocks, in four repetitions. Each parcel was
made of 7 lines, 5 meters long, 0,17m space between the lines and 5 m between the parcels.
The caterpillar and aphids control was done using the application of the insecticides Talcord
(200 mL.ha -1 ), Perfection (400 mL.ha –1 ) and Connect (150 mL.ha -1 ). The control of weeds was done
through the application of Hussar (100g.ha-1), at the stage of sprouting.
The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: 1) Control; 2) PT-4-O (seed treatment); 3)
Turboflower (applied at the end of the sprouting); 4) AVE-O + Opera with a dosage reduced by 20%
(start of the blossom); 5) Opera (in normal dosage of 500mL. ha -1 ), at the start of the blossom. In the
treatment of the seeds the product PT-4-O was used, at the dosage of 150ml/100kg of seeds. In the
treatments 1, 2 and 3 an application of the fungicide tebuconazole (Folicur, dose of 750 mL. ha -1 ),
applied at the stage of the beginning of the blossom, aiming the control of illnesses at the aerial part
of the plants.
11

The application of the Turboflower foliar treatments was done using a costal pulverizer, with
constant pressure of CO 2 , in the dosage of 1 liter per ha, at the final stage of sprouting and AVE-O
(250mL.ha -1 ), together with the fungicide Opera, with a 20% reduced dosage (400 mL. ha -1 ).
The study was evaluated by the time of the plant emergence; full blossom (50% of the cobs
completely mature); maturation date (100% of the cobs completely mature); plant stature (start of the
maturing), weight in thousand grains; grains yield. In the maturation, the parcels were harvested,
using a parcel collector Wintersteiger machine, the cleaning of the grain was done, the humidity was
determined and they were weighed. The obtained weight was expressed in kg. ha -1 , based on the
uniformity of the humidity at 13%. A hectoliter scale determined the weight of the hectoliter, with a
capacity of 250 mL, converting the weight through a specific table to wheat in kg.hL -1 . The weight
in thousand grains (PMG) was also determined, counting 400 seeds picked randomly and
multiplying the obtained weight by 2,5, expressed in grams.
The results of the diverse evaluation were taken to the variance analysis and the average of
the significant treatments was compared by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
RESULTS
The statistical analysis of the experiment, has revealed significant differences among the
evaluated treatments, using the Tukey test, at the level of 5% significance, regarding the weight of
one thousand grains (PMG), days from the emergence to the maturation (DEM), days from the
blossom to the maturation (DFM), but there were no significant differences regarding the grains
yield, the hectoliter weight (PH), days from emergence to blossom (DEF) and plants structure (EP).
Grain yielding
Considering the results of the variance analysis, and the average comparison, by the Tukey
test, at the level of 5% significance, no significant difference was seen among the treatments (Table
1). The average of the experiment was about 2804 kg.ha-1 and the C.V. of 6%.
In absolute terms, the application of Opera (-20%)+AVE, has promoted a raise of 335 kg.ha -1
(+13%), the Turboflower had a raise of 202 kg.ha-1 (+8%), and the Opera alone of 133 kg.ha-1 (+5)
and the PT-4-O of 97 kg.ha-1 (+4%), when compared to the control, according to Table 1.
Table 1 – Effect of the LBE products in the wheat yield (cv. Louro) at Passo Fundo, harvest
of 2005.
Treatments
RG
Difference %
(kg.ha -1 ) (kg. ha -1 )
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
Turboflower
Opera
PT-4-O
2986 ns
2853
2784
2748
335
202
133
97
113
108
105
104
12

Control 2651 - 100
Average
C.V. (%)
2804
6,0
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
Weight of the hectoliter
There was no significant difference among the treatments regarding the hectoliter weight,
being the average of the experiment of 77,7 kg.hL-1 and a variable rate of 2,32 % (Table 2).
In absolute values, only the Turboflower treatments and control did not reach the standard pH
of 78 kg. hL-1. In the PT-4-O and Opera alone, there was a rise of 1% of the pH when compared to
the control.
Table 2 – LBE product’s effect in the hectoliter weight (PH) of wheat (cv. Louro), at Passo Fundo,
harvest of 2005.
Treatments
PH
(kg.hL -1 )
Difference
(kg. L -1 )
Control
78,4 ns
0,6
PT-4-O
78,4
0,6
Turboflower
78,1
0,3
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O
77,8
-
Opera
75,8
2,0
Average
77,7
C.V. (%)
2,32
ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
%
101
101
100
100
97
Weight of a thousand grains
The application of AVE-O + Opera (-20%), without differing from the treatments with
Opera, Turboflower and PT-4-O, has promoted a significant raise of the weight of one thousand
grains (PMG) in relation to the control (Table 3).
In absolute values, compared to the control, we may see a raise of PMG of 8% at the AVE-O
+ Opera (-20%) treatment; of 5% in the treatment with Opera alone; of 4% in the Turboflower
treatment and of 3% at the PT-4-O treatment.
Table 4 - LBE product’s effect on the plant stature (EP), days from the emergence to the blossom
(DEF), days from the emergence to the maturation (DEM) and days from the flowering to the
maturation (DFM) of wheat (cv. Louro), at Passo Fundo, harvest of 2005.
Treatments EP (cm) DEF DEM DFM
Control
81,8 ns 88,0 ns 140,0 b 52,0 b
Opera (-20%) + AVE-O 82,3
88,0
141,0 a 53,0 ab
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Opera
PT-4-O
Turboflower
Average
86,5
82,5
83,5
83,3
87,8
87,5
87,3
87,7
141,0 a
141,0 a
141,0 a
140,8
53,3 a
53,5 a
53,8 a
53,10
1,02
C.V. (%)
3,17
0,62
0,0
Average followed by the same letters in vertical, do not differ statistically by the Tukey test, at the
level of 5% of significance; ns = not significant by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% of significance.
CONCLUSION
The use of the AVE-O, Turboflower and PT-4-O products, in the wheat culture, on its various forms
and dosages, must consider due to the economic result obtained, by the difference between the cost
of each treatment and the estimated yield, based on this study results.
.
Passo Fundo, February 17 th 2006
Arg. Eng. Dr. Elmar Luiz Floss
Responsible – CREA 25.169
Agr. Eng. Dr. Mauro Antônio Rizzardi
Director of the Agronomy and Veterinarian Medicine faculty of Passo Fundo’s University
Agr. Eng. Irineo Fioreze
Extension Coordinator of the FAMV/UPF
14