The Mind Creative JUNE 2016

TheMindCreative
June 2016
1

E
I think that most of us are
averse to admitting that
forgers and others who
create ‘fakes’ sometimes
have enormous creative
skills. To create a piece
that can imitate the
original artist to a point of
perfection, in my opinion,
needs artistic skills and imagination.
Although these ‘creatives’ are often
categorised as criminals, they have been
able to fool some of the leading experts
of the world with their creations. The
cover story looks some extraordinary
works of forgery and deception.
In the Artist’s Corner, I have included an
article on the role of modern technologies
used for unearthing ‘paintings hidden
underneath paintings’. These classical
works from the masters have, for
unknown reasons, been created over
other paintings by them. It is a
fascinating subject and one that dwells
on scientific techniques that are used to
unravel masterpieces under
masterpieces!
Before Walt Disney established himself
as a legend in the world of
entertainment, he worked as an
illustrator and cartoonist during his
tenure with the army. The Cartoonist’s
Corner looks at some of the early works
created by this amazing personality.
N
ditors’s ote
included one of his short stories that
looks at human emotions, traits and
thought processes.
Foodies - specially those who have
developed a taste for the omnipotent
naan bread - will find the article in the
Foodies’ Corner to be of great
interest. This essay traces the history
of the naan bread; one that goes way
beyond India and into other countries.
My favourite brand of humour is one
that stays away from being crass in
its content and my favourite authors
are the ones who have produced the
brand of humour that we often refer
as ‘tongue-in-cheek’. If you are fond
of this style, then head over to the
Humorist's Corner for a delectable
piece by the Canadian writer, teacher
and political scientist Stephen
Leacock.
Edgar Allan Poe’s poetic works have
always been underestimated. His
poems (included in the Poet’s Corner)
deserve much more attention and
praise. Hope you enjoy a few that I
have included.
This and much more in this issue….
Happy reading!!
Ernest Hemingway has produced huge
volumes of work during his lifetime. In
the Fiction Writer’s Corner, I have
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In This Issue
6 “Forgeries, Hoaxes,
Deceptions”
20 The Artist’s Corner
What Lies Underneath
29 The Cartoonist’s
Corner
The Early illustrations
of Walt Disney
46 The Fiction
Writer’s
Corner
‘A Clean Well-
Lighted Place’ By
Ernest
Hemingway
37 The Essayist’s
Corner
‘Nine” by Sukumar
Nayar
“The Sydney Taxi
Drivers” by Kersi Meher-
Homji
55 The Foodies’
Corner
The Naan Bread
62 The Poet’s Corner
Poems by
Edgar Allan Poe
72 The
Photographer’s
Corner
The Controversial
Photographs of Lewis
Carroll
67 The Humorist’s
Corner
How We Kept Mother’s
Day
By Stephen Leacock
3

Contributors
Sukumar Nayar is originally from Kerala, India.
He is a retired professor of theatre having trained
at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) and New
York University (NYU). He had been involved with
theatre for over seven decades in India, Uganda,
England, Papua New Guinea, the United States
and Canada. He has directed, produced or
otherwise been involved in over 100 stage
productions. For his contribution to theatre he was
awarded the Millennium Theatre 100, “awarded to
100 theatre practitioners in Alberta for outstanding
contribution to the development of theatre in the
last 100 years.” After taking early retirement, he
joined the United Nations as a consultant. He lives
in Toronto with his wife who is also a retired
professor. Sukumar writes a weekly blog called
www.sukumarnayar.wordpress.com.
Kersi Meher-Homji is a journalist, author and
biographer. He writes regularly for Inside Cricket,
the Sydney Morning Herald and other
publications. He is the author of many books and
his most notable biography is The Waugh Twins,
about cricketing legends Steve and Mark Waugh.
Stephen P. H Butler Leacock, FRSC (30 December
1869 – 28 March 1944) was a Canadian
teacher, political scientist, writer, and humorist.
Between the years 1910 and 1925, he was the
most widely read English-speaking author in the
world. He is known for his light humour along with
criticisms of people's follies. The Stephen Leacock
Memorial Medal for Humour was named in his
honour.
4

Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7,
1849) was an American author, poet, editor, and
literary critic, considered part of the American
Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of
mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the
earliest American practitioners of the short story,
and is generally considered the inventor of the
detective fiction genre. He is further credited with
contributing to the emerging genre of science
fiction. He was the first well-known American writer
to try to earn a living through writing alone,
resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
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6

It’s hard not to acknowledge that fakes
and forgeries need a lot of skill. History
has shown that there have been innumerable
fakes and forgeries that have been created
by brilliant minds - artists, writers and
others with a creative bent of the mind.
Imitating someone is often decreed as a
form of flattery. However fakes and
forgeries go way beyond flattery and are
often driven by the most coveted acquisition
in the world…. Money!
Deceptions through forgeries and fakes
have had an effect in every imaginable
quarter of our live. The ensuing pages look
at some of the most fascinating deceptions
that have fooled countless people over
many years.
7

Han van Meegeran
When a previously unknown
Vermeer, Christ And The Adultress,
turned up in the collection
of former high-ranking Nazi official
Hermann Göring, a buzz
rang through the art
world. However this painting
was traced back to a gentleman
by the name of Han van
Meegeran who was then
charged for collaborating with
the “enemy”. When he realised
that he faced a death sentence,
van Meegeran then went on to
claimed that the painting was in
fact done by his own hand and
was a forgery. To prove this, he painted Jesus Among the Doctors
while in prison. A team of international experts came together to
analyse this fake “Vermeer” created by van Meegeran.
They ultimately concluded that the painting sold to Göring was
indeed a forgery by van Meegeran. The collaboration charges
were dropped against van Meegeran, but charges of forgery and
fraud remained. The forger was found guilty and sentenced to a
year in prison, but died of a heart attack before he could serve
time.
8

Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti was responsible for some of
the greatest masterpieces in history. His works have had
paralleled influence on art. And yet, at the age of 20 in 1496,
Michelangelo created a marble statue of a sleeping Cupid and
tried to pass it off as an antique by burying the statue in acidic
earth, which made it look older than it actually was!
The statue ultimately landed in the collection of Cardinal Riario of
San Giorgio. When the fraud was discovered, the Cardinal wanted
his money back from his dealer. When the statue was traced back
to its creator, the Cardinal decided to pardon Michelangelo when
he realised the potential of the young artist. In fact, this incident
was one of the biggest launching pads for Michelangelo’s career
and the Cardinal himself became one of his greatest patrons.
The particular statue was destroyed in a fire in 1698.
9

Konrad Kujau
In 1983, the German newsweekly Stern reported on the existence
of 62 handwritten diaries kept by Adolf Hitler that were then
subsequently acquired by a staff reporter for Stern, at the
staggering price of $3.8 million. It was declared as one of the
greatest finds in modern history. The story told at the time was
that an enigmatic Doctor Fischer hid the documents away for
years in East Germany, after recovering from an aircraft crash at
the end of the war in 1945 in Dresden. Later, the diaries passed
three handwriting tests. The Times of London and Newsweek
magazines hired two historians, Hugh Trevor-Roper and Gerhard
Weinberg, to examine the texts. Trevor-Roper deemed the diaries
authentic.
However, within two
weeks after the diaries
were published, the
German Federal
Archives revealed that
they were "grotesquely
superficial fakes" after
discovering that they
had many historical
inaccuracies and were
made on modern paper.
It was later discovered
that the diaries were
the work of a master forger from Stuttgart, Konrad Kujau. Kujau
was put on trial and given a 42-month sentence each for forgery
and embezzlement.
The fallout caused editors and employees of the Times of
London, Newsweek and Stern to resign or stand down.
10

Mark Hofmann
Mark Hofmann, arguably one of the most notorious forgers, not
only fooled experts and members of his church, but he also
caused the death of two people. Hofmann started on his journey
of crime early in life. While in his teens, he forged a rare mint
mark on a dime and fooled a coin collecting organization into
believing it was genuine. That started him off on a long career of
faking documents, coins and photographs which included the
likes of everyone from LDS church founder Joseph Smith to Emily
Dickinson, George Washington and Mark Twain.
Hofmann's most notorious forgery was known as “The
Salamander Letter.” This letter recounted how a church prophet
encountered a white salamander that transformed into a spirit
that guarded the Gold Plates (the
source from which Joseph Smith
said he translated the Book of
Mormon). It set off LDS circles into
a frenzy and soon Hofmann
“discovered” numerous previously
unknown documents and writings
pertaining to the LDS, which
earned him a lot of money while
fulfilling his "desire to embarrass
the church by undermining its
history."
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He then went on to create a Ponzi scheme of asking for loans to
purchase false documents like the “McLellin Collection” and donate
them to the church. When facing pressure of repaying the loans or
coming up with the documents, Hofmann tried to strike a deal with
the Library of Congress for his fabricated “Oath of a Freeman”
document to repay his investors for the McLellin Collection.
Needless to say, the deal went sour.
Hofmann's debts continued to mount and in a desperate effort to
buy more time he constructed bombs, which killed collector
Stephen Christenson and Kathy Sheets, the wife of Christenson's
former employer. Hofmann was also seriously injured when a third
bomb went off.
During the bombing investigation, police found evidence of
Hofmann's forgeries in his basement. He was arrested in January
1986 and charged with 27 counts of murder, forgery and fraud. In
an ironic twist, Hofmann later took an overdose of antidepressants
and fell asleep on his right arm, causing muscle atrophy that
permanently disabled the hand that forged so many documents.
12

Banksy
There are infinite examples of forgeries in the world of art, but
this artist has taken things to a whole new level!
Street artist Banksy has had his works displayed in some of the
biggest museums (including the Louvre, the Met and MoMA) -
without being invited! Unbelievably, in March 2005, this artist hit
four of New York's biggest museums—the Museum of Modern Art,
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the American Museum of Natural
History, and the Brooklyn Museum and mounted new pieces at
each venue without the museums' permission. He then went on
to mound his own pieces at the Louvre, Gallery 49 in Britain and
even Disneyland, where he snuck in an inflatable doll dressed like
a Guantanamo Bay detainee on the grounds of the Big Thunder
Mountain Railroad ride.
This might not be the traditional form of forgery but one must
admit that the skills displayed by Banksy have to be classified in
a league of their own.
13

Lawrence X. Cusack
It's been long rumoured that President John F. Kennedy and
movie star Marilyn Monroe had an affair and any evidence of this
controversial romance has always been a source of excitement.
In September 1997, ABC News obtained a treasure trove of
documents – supposedly in the handwriting of the late John F.
Kennedy – depicting details of Kennedy's affair with Marilyn
Monroe, along with his alleged connections to mobster Sam
Giancana.
ABC obtained the documents from legendary news reporter
Seymour Hersh and the documents helped Hersh get a $2 million
TV deal. Hersh, in turn, received the documents from New York
City lawyer Lawrence Cusack; the latter claiming that he got the
papers from his father who worked secretly with the Kennedy
family.
The hoax, perpetrated by Cusack, was soon uncovered by ABC
and instead of Hersh's TV special airing, ABC news
program 20/20 ran a story on the fraudulent documents and
confronted Cusack on the air. Cusack was sentenced to 10 years
in prison on fraud charges.
14

William Henry Ireland
Samuel Ireland (1744-1800) was a British author, engraver and
bookseller with an obsession for the works of Shakespeare – so
much so that he completely ignored his son William Henry
Ireland. However, William managed to grab his father’s attention
when he brought home a document
written by Shakespeare that he had
“found” among estate papers of a client.
After seeing how pleased his father was
with this find, he brought home more
papers “written” by the legendary
playwright including a previously
unknown Shakespearean play called
Vortigern.
Samuel Ireland was delighted with the
findings and arranged for Vortigern to be
performed on April 2, 1796 at the
Drury Lane Theatre. The theater
owner, in spite of knowing that
the play was a fraud, allowed the
show goes on anyway.
Interestingly, the actors were
also well aware that the play was
not the work of Shakespeare and
hammed it up while they
delivered their lines. The show
had only one performance.
William Henry Ireland finally
confessed that he had written the
play and had also forged other
documents. However, his father
believed they were the real deal
to his dying day.
15

Tom Keating
Tom Keating was not only an art restorer, but also a master forger
who claimed to have faked over 2,000 paintings and copying the
styles of over 100 different artists.
This British artist felt that the art world was corrupt and had
turned to forgery when the artistic community took little notice of
his work. Keating, however, left “time bombs” in his art, which
gave clues that showed his works to be forgeries. He would often
write text on the canvas before painting so it would later show up
in x-rays and deliberately added other flaws, so it could
eventually be concluded that his paintings were frauds.
In 1970, experts discovered that Keating painted thirteen Samuel
Palmer watercolours. He was finally arrested in 1977 and accused
of conspiracy to defraud, but the case was eventually dropped.
Keating later starred in his own
television show on painting
technique and released his
autobiography.
Although he personally felt that his
work was not especially good, his
works have gone on to become quite
valuable and collectable items.
16

The Greenhalghs
The ancient Egyptian pharaoh King Tutankhamun is perhaps the
most well-known among rulers of that period and any exhibition
featuring artefacts related to this king is always a big draw for
audiences. In 2003, the Bolton Museum in Manchester purchased
an ancient Egyptian statue of Tutankhamun's granddaughter.
Both the British Museum and Christie's authenticated the statue
and believed it to be 3,300 years old.
The next year, the item was discovered to be a fake made by
Manchester resident Shaun Greenhalgh in his parents’ shed. Later
it came to light that the Greenhalgh family had been making
forgeries for 17 years and made over a million pounds during that
time! Greenhalgh was sentenced to four years after being found
guilty of fraud and money laundering and his parents were given
suspended sentences for conspiracy to defraud.
The statue still resides in the Bolton museum, but in a section
dedicated to forgeries.
17

Frank Abagnale, Jr
Frank Abagnale Jr. is arguably the most famous imposter and
forger of all time and he, in fact, inspired 2002's Catch Me If You
Can, starring Leonardo DiCaprio.
Early in life, Abagnale developed ways of defrauding banks, which
included printing out his own almost-perfect copies of deposit
cheques and persuading banks to advance him cash on the basis
of his account balances. He also used to print his account number
on blank deposit slips and add them
to the stack of real blank slips in the
bank. This meant that the deposits
written on those slips by bank
customers entered his account rather
than the accounts of the legitimate
customers.
At the very young age of 16, Abagnale
successfully posed as a Pan Am pilot
in order to get free flights. After
authorities discovered that he was a
fake, he escaped to Georgia where he
posed as a doctor and then as a
lawyer in New Orleans. Amazingly, Abagnale also passed the bar
exam!
The police finally caught up with him and he served time in France
and Sweden before being extradited to the U.S., where he was
sentenced to 12 years. Abagnale was paroled after 4 years on the
condition he had to use his expertise teaching and working
undercover for the FBI. He turned his life around, using his
knowledge, to consult banks and businesses on fraud. The former
criminal is now a millionaire by legitimate means.
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TOM KEATING DEMONSTRATING THE
CREATION OF A “VAN GOGH”
VAN MEEGEREN'S FAKED VERMEERS
19

Mathew Brady
20

21

Technology is quickly changing the way
we study and analyse art. State-of-art
gadgets, scientific methods and amazing
digital imaging are helping us to unearth
many secrets that lie underneath wellknown
paintings from the masters of the
past. These scientific techniques reveal
enormous amounts of information for
scientists, artists, art-authenticators and
historians. Although many images have
been unearthed under known
masterpieces, it is hard to exactly
determine the reason why the artist chose
to do another painting on top of the
original.
In the following pages, a brief description
of the scientific methods employed to
unearth the underlying work has been
included with each painting.
22

Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci’s occasionally had
to rework his paintings. But how are
able to know this? Well, according to
BBC News, French engineer Pascal
Cotte, with the help of his own
invention called Layer Amplification
Method (LAM), discovered this during
his analysis of Da Vinci’s painting, The
Lady with an Ermine. He found that it
was reworked before its final finish.
He found out that da Vinci changed
the position of the lady’s forearm and
only added her symbolic ermine to
the third version of his work. Using
the LAM technique Cotte and his team
projected intense light onto the
painting and measured its reflections with a multi-lens camera.
According to him, the LAM technique is like “peeling the painting
like an onion, removing the surface to see what’s happening inside
and behind the different layers of paint”
Image via BBC News
23

Rembrandt
By Andrey Atuchin
Rembrandt’s Old Man In Military Costume,
is another painting that has hidden secrets.
Through macro x-ray fluorescence analysis,
a painting of a portrait of a woman was
discovered underneath this 380-year-old
painting. Infrared methods, used
previously, were inadequate to reveal the
underlying image because Rembrandt used
the same pigments for the “hidden”
painting as he did in his final piece.
Image via Live Science
24

Goya
In May 2013, scientists at the University
of Barcelona found a centuries-old
signature at the bottom right hand
corner of Goya’s classic The Sacrifice to
Vesta. This was discovered by bouncing
terahertz radion waves on to the
painting. This 240-year old painting did
not include Goya’s signature although it
provided a big launching pad for Goya’s
career.
Image via Technology Review
25

Caravaggio
proven to be true.
A hidden comical self-portrait of
Caravaggio was uncovered under his
portrait of Bacchus. This was
discovered by scientists using infrared
reflectography techniques In 1922,
during a restoration process on this
painting, there was a speculation
another image had snuck into the
image but lack of technology ended
the debate. Later, thanks to
technology, the speculation was
26

Pablo Picasso
In this case, infrared image processing
was used to discover a painting of a
bearded man in a bow-tie underneath
Pablo Picasso's 1901 painting, The Blue
Room. Initially during a study in 1990s,
an x-ray picked up a blurry image
beneath the murky surface. However,
since 2008, Patricia Favero, a conservator
at The Phillips Collection has been
experimenting with infrared imaging
processes to analyse this painting. Since
then she has released crisp images of the
underpainting. Furthermore, fluorescence
spectrocopy is now being used by Favero’s team to expose the
details of the pigments and to digitally recreate the underlying
piece in full colour.
Image via AP
27

Van Gogh
pigments.
A research team at the Delft University of
Technology – in 2008 - found a mysterious
portrait of a woman hiding in Van
Gogh’s Patch of Grass. This revealation was
in fact, a confirmation of the suspicions of
many art historians who believed that there
was another work hidden under the Patch
of Grass. The uncovering of the hidden
work was done by using an x-ray process
that measured the chemical makeup of the
28

29

The early
Illustrations Of
Walt Disney
30

Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901 – December
15, 1966) is widely known as an American entrepreneur,
animator, voice actor and film producer. However not much
is known about his early life as an illustrator and cartoonist.
Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest
in drawing. He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a
commercial illustrator at the age of 18. In 2015, a sketchbook
that contained Disney’s early cartoons was sold for an
incredible $200,000. This was just a 5-page book containing
illustrations and cartoons by a young Walt Disney in
war-torn France. He apparently obtained the scrapbook
from the Chicago Public Library. Disney had dropped out of
school to join but was deemed too young to be a soldier.
Instead he joined the Red Cross and he was sent to France
to drive ambulances.
Many of the cartoons feature a rat - which according to
experts - might have been a precursor to Mickey Mouse.
Disney gave the scrapbook to his girlfriend Virginia Baker,
who in turn passed it to her daughter Leslie Riddell. It
remained in their family until recently, when it was bought
privately by Disney collector Phil Sears.
According to Phil Sears: “This is the earliest collection of
original Walt Disney cartoon drawings not locked away in
a museum or the Disney Company archives… In terms of
Walt Disney's life story, these are the 'cave paintings' of his
creative timeline.”
31

Disney with an artillery shell - pictured in France
during the aftermath of the First World War.
This sketch is considered to be the earliest to come into
the market and depicts a cartoon-like rat - possibly a
precursor to Mickey Mouse - his most famous character.
32

This cartoon shows a U.S. soldier booting Wilhelm
II off of a tall cliff
Two caricatures of men accompanied by humorous comments
33

A detailed colour portrait of a nurse
Disney’s sketchbook
34

35

WALT DISNEY
SOURCE:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3313953/Scrapbook-World-War-sketches-Walt-
Disney-showing-hints-Mickey-Mouse-character-goes-sale-200-000.html
http://redcrosschat.org/2015/09/17/archives-walt-disney-world-wardriver/#sthash.gzngJRgf.dpbs
36

37

“Nine”
By Sukumar Nayar
This is the tenth in a series of articles on
the numbers 0 to 10
IMAGES:
https://infernoerrorifico.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/
https://au.pinterest.com/pin/363313894912219707/
https://mobileaddiction.wordpress.com/tag/comic/
38

Of all the single digit numbers, 9 is the most profound. It is
loaded with mysticism and mystery. It is the mathematician’s
delight. It is the logician’s nightmare.
If the number one is divided by nine the result is
0.111111111… and if the number two is divided by nine, the
result is 0.22222222…and if the number three is divided by nine
the result is 0.3333333…and so on!!
If you multiply 9 by any whole number (except zero) and
repeatedly add the digits of the answer until it is one digit, you
will end up with nine. A couple of examples:
*2 X 9=18 (1+8=9)
*578329 X 9=5204961. Add the numbers, you get 27, add
further and you get 9.
There are several such examples of the magic of the number
nine. If you are interested just click on the site I have given at
the end of this blog. It will be fascinating, I assure you.
Superstition has it that a
composer who writes the ninth
symphony better not write another
because he would be challenging
fate. Beethoven. Mahler, Vaughn
Williams, to name three, tinkered
with the tenth and died before
finishing it. So if you have finished
composing nine symphonies,
engage yourselves in something else like
horticulture or philately.
The number nine has a very important
place in mythology. Many years ago when
my daughter and I were in Iceland, we
learnt that Norse mythology recognized
nine realms of existence. Eight of the
realms were embodiments of opposites: fire
and ice, heaven and hell, creation and
destruction, light and darkness. These
realms converged on the centre realm, where humans lived out
their lives.
39

In Greek mythology, nine goddesses called the Muses were
responsible for inspiring musicians, artists and writers. One
recalls that our beloved Bard sought the assistance of the Muses
before beginning the epic adventure in Henry V. “O, for a Muse
of fire…..” he said.
One of the famous legends in Celtic mythology tells the story of
nine magical hazel trees at the centre of the Otherworld. They
hung over the Well of Wisdom and dropped their fruits into the
well, thus imparting wisdom and inspiration to all who drank the
water from the well.
In astrology, the ninth sign of
the zodiac is Sagittarius,
identified by the Greeks as the
Centaur. Centaurs were
magical creatures known for
their skills as archers,
philosophers and predictors of
the future.
40

Christ died at the ninth hour and the incantations of the witches
who destroyed Macbeth were, “Thrice to thine, and thrice to
mine, And thrice again to make nine.”
In Tolkien’s The
Lord of the Rings,
there were nine
Nazguls—nine men
who succumbed to
Sauron’s power
and attained near immortality as
wraiths.
In French the word ‘neuf’ means both
‘nine’ and ‘new’. In German the words
for nine are neun; ans ‘neu’. In Spanish
it is ‘nueve’ and neuvo’. As you count
and reach nine, you know you are about
to make a new start.
In The Divine Comedy Dante suggests that
there are nine circles of Hell and nine
spheres of Heaven. In the Middle ages nine
was considered, “first and foremost the
angelic number”.
The word (number) has crept
into idiomatic and figurative
English and proverbs. If I get
a new start in life (rather
unlikely at this stage of the
game) I will be on cloud nine
—euphoric. The cat has
nine lives as we all know.
And a stitch in time saves
nine, not eight or ten. Time
was when people thought
that I was a snob having always appeared dressed to the
nines. But I let those comments pass me like the idle wind. We
41

always want to go the whole nine yards and not leave things
half done. When we refer to habit or majority in value, numbers
we say nine out of ten or nine times out of ten and not,
thirteen times out of nineteen or twenty three out of thirty. Many
people hold nine to five jobs even though they might actually
report for work at half past eight or leave work at seven.
Only about one-ninth of the
mass of an iceberg is visible
above water…. apparently
something the crew of the
Titanic gave scant attention to.
Pool table pyramids require
nine balls. There are nine
judges on the Supreme Court.
Nine is a priceless aid to
retailers who can play on the
psychology of the customer and sell things for $4.99 and $
99.99—not quite 5 nor 100.
“Redivider” is a word with nine letters and is also the longest
palindrome in the English language. (A palindromic word has the
same sequence of letters backward or forward. ‘Madam’ is
another example. I intend to write a blog on palindromes one of
these days.
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The nine muses are:
Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Erato (love poetry), Euterpe
(music), Melpomene (tragedy), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry),
Terpsichore (dance), Thalia (comedy) and Urania (astronomy).
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If you want to revel in the magic of the number nine please go
to the website: http://www.halexandria.org/dward091.htm
42

The
Sydney
Taxi Drivers
By Kersi Meher-Homji
43

If you want to meet the ethnic population of Sydney, hire a
taxi at night. I worked for an essential blood testing service and
was on call duty for a week every five weeks. For this I got
cab-charge from my employers to go to work late at night or in
the wee hours of the morning.
This involved interesting conversations with taxi drivers –
mostly of Asian origin – on my way to and back from work.
The last one to take me to work in the middle of the night was
an accountant from Hong Kong. In his mid-twenties, he had been
in Sydney for 18 months. He drove taxis because he could not get
a job in his field. Pleasant and honest, he stopped the fare metre
when filling his petrol tank.
“It would not be fair to charge you for this delay”, he said. He
hoped to get a job soon, else will return home.
The cabman from India had no problems. Anything I said he
replied with “No problems” or “No worries” in a fake Australian
accent. A chemist with BSc degree, he decided to drive taxis.
“Waiting for the recession to end.” I queried.
“No, no. Plenty of jobs for my intellect. But these Aussies
know little of Chemistry and try to teach me, teach ME, ha! I left
them in a huff, no worries. Plenty of money in taxi driving, no
problem! I go back to Delhi every year with my family. No
worries. This is my own cab and I earn more than your boss.”
The cabbie from Pakistan was also a University graduate. He had
a day job but drove taxis at night to earn extra cash. His music
tapes included ghazals he loudly sang along with and I joined in
to make a duet.
“I know many Pakistani cricketers including Imran Khan.
Do you play cricket?”
When I replied, “Yes, but only at social level”, he handed
me his card, requesting me to organise a match.
44

“Lots of politics in Pakistan”, he added, singing along
nostalgically with ghazals, interrupted by my frenzied: “Look out,
red light!”
The Iranian taxi driver was a real character and a philosopher.
“The Australians drink too much – even teenagers. Very few sober
people on Friday nights.”
Somehow the conversation turned to religion. “I a Christian
from Iran but don’t believe in nonsense of Moses cutting the
ocean in two or Jesus coming back after dying. Just excuses for
holidays, if you ask me.
“People killing each other for religion bad. Work my religion.
I work six days a week, twelve hours a day to make little money.
Not much money in taxi driving these days. People not have
money for taxis but have plenty to drink in pubs.
“I made my children Christians. But my God is not Jesus.
The doctor who finds cure for cancer and AIDS is my God.”
45

46

A CLEAN,
WELL-LIGHTED
PLACE
By
Ernest Hemingway
Images:
http://schoolworkhelper.net/hemingway%E2%80%99s-a-clean-well-lighted-placethe-theme-of-the-old/
https://jerryenglishclass.wordpress.com/clean-lighted-place/
47

It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old
man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against
the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty, but at
night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late
because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the
difference. The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man
was a little drunk, and while he was a good client they knew that
if he became too drunk he would leave without paying, so they
kept watch on him.
"Last week he tried to commit suicide," one waiter said.
"Why?"
"He was in despair."
"What about?"
"Nothing."
"How do you know it was nothing?"
"He has plenty of money."
They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near
the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace where the
tableswere all empty except where the old man sat in the shadow
of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind. A girl and
a soldier went by in the street. The street light shone on the brass
number on his collar. The girl wore no head covering and hurried
beside him.
"The guard will pick him up," one waiter said.
"What does it matter if he gets what he's after?"
"He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him.
They went by five minutes ago."
48

The old man sitting in the shadow rapped on his saucer with his
glass. The younger waiter went over to him.
"What do you want?"
The old man looked at him. "Another brandy," he said.
"You'll be drunk," the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The
waiter went away.
"He'll stay all night," he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now.I
never get into bed before three o'clock. He should have killed
himself last week."
The waiter took the brandy bottle
and another saucer from
thecounter inside the cafe and
marched out to the old man's
table. He put down the saucer and
poured the glass full of brandy.
"You should have killed yourself
last week," he said to the deaf man. The old man motioned with
his finger. "A little more," he said. The waiter poured on into the
glass so that the brandy slopped over and ran down the stem into
the top saucer of the pile."Thank you," the old man said. The
waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the
table with his colleague again.
"He's drunk now," he said.
"He's drunk every night."
"What did he want to kill himself for?"
"How should I know."
"How did he do it?"
"He hung himself with a rope."
49

"Who cut him down?"
"His niece."
"Why did they do it?"
"Fear for his soul."
"How much money has he got?"
"He's got plenty."
"He must be eighty years old."
"Anyway I should say he was eighty."
"I wish he would go home. I never get to bed before three
o'clock.What kind of hour is that to go to bed?"
"He stays up because he likes it."
"He's lonely. I'm not lonely. I have a wife waiting in bed for me."
"He had a wife once too."
"A wife would be no good to him now."
"You can't tell. He might be better with a wife."
"His niece looks after him. You said she cut him down."
"I know."
"I wouldn't want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing."
"Not always. This old man is clean. He drinks without
spilling.Even now, drunk. Look at him."
"I don't want to look at him. I wish he would go home. He has no
regard for those who must work."
50

The old man looked from his glass across the square, then over
at the waiters.
"Another brandy," he said, pointing to his glass. The waiter who
was in a hurry came over.
"Finished," he said, speaking with that omission of syntax stupid
people employ when talking to drunken people or foreigners. "No
more tonight. Close now."
"Another," said the old man.
"No. Finished." The waiter wiped
the edge of the table with a towel
and shook his head.
The old man stood up, slowly
counted the saucers, took a
leathercoin purse from his pocket
and paid for the drinks, leaving
half a peseta tip. The waiter
watched him go down the street,
a very old man walking unsteadily
but with dignity.
"Why didn't you let him stay and drink?" the unhurried waiter
asked. They were putting up the shutters. "It is not half-past
two."
"I want to go home to bed."
"What is an hour?"
"More to me than to him."
"An hour is the same."
"You talk like an old man yourself. He can buy a bottle and drink
at home."
51

"It's not the same."
"No, it is not," agreed the waiter with a wife. He did not wish to
be unjust. He was only in a hurry.
"And you? You have no fear of going home before your usual
hour?"
"Are you trying to insult me?"
"No, hombre, only to make a joke."
"No," the waiter who was in a hurry said, rising from pulling down
the metal shutters. "I have confidence. I am all confidence."
"You have youth, confidence, and a job," the older waiter
said."You have everything."
"And what do you lack?"
"Everything but work."
"You have everything I
have."
"No. I have never had
confidence and I am not
young."
"Come on. Stop talking
nonsense and lock up."
"I am of those who like to
stay late at the cafe," the older waiter said.
"With all those who do not want to go to bed. With all those who
need a light for the night."
"I want to go home and into bed."
52

"We are of two different kinds," the older waiter said. He was now
dressed to go home. "It is not only a question of youth and
confidence although those things are very beautiful. Each night I
am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who
needs the cafe."
"Hombre, there are bodegas open all night long."
"You do not understand. This is a clean and pleasant cafe. It is
well lighted. The light is very good and also, now, there are
shadows of the leaves."
"Good night," said the younger waiter.
"Good night," the other said.
Turning off the electric light he continued the conversation with
himself. It was the light of course but it is necessary that the
place be clean and pleasant. You do not want music. Certainly you
do not want music. Nor can you stand before a bar with dignity
although that is all that is provided for these hours. What did he
fear? It was not a fear or dread. It was a nothing that he knew
too well. It was all a nothing and a man was a nothing too. It was
only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and
order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was nada
y pues nada y naday pues nada. Our nada who art in nada, nada
be thy name thy kingdom nada thy will be nada in nada as it is in
nada. Give usthis nada our daily nada and nada us our nada as
we nada our nadas and nada us not into nada but deliver us from
nada; pues nada. Hail nothing full of nothing, nothing is with
thee. He smiled and stood before a bar with a shining steam
pressure coffee machine.
"What's yours?" asked the barman.
"Nada."
"Otro loco mas," said the barman and turned away.
"A little cup," said the waiter.
53

The barman poured it for him.
"The light is very bright and pleasant but the bar is unpolished,"
the waiter said.
The barman looked at him but did not answer. It was too late at
night for conversation.
"You want another copita?" the barman asked.
"No, thank you," said the waiter and went out. He disliked bars
and bodegas. A clean, well-lighted cafe was a very different thing.
Now, without thinking further, he would go home to his room. He
would lie in the bed and finally, with daylight, he would go to
sleep. After all, he said to himself, it's probably only insomnia.
Many must have it.
54

55

56

“Naan, nan or khamiri is a leavened, oven-baked flatbread
found in the cuisines of West, Central and South Asia. Today - by
far - it is one of the most popular breads in the world specially for
those who have a liking for South-East Asian food.
The earliest appearance of
the word "naan" in English is
from 1810, in a travelogue of
William Tooke. The Persian
word nān bread is already
attested in Middle-Persian or
Pahlavi as n'n 'bread, food'.
The form itself is
of Iranian origin and cognate forms include Parthiyan ngn,
Balochi nagan, Sogdian nγn­, Pashto nəγan 'bread'.
The Persian Naan
The word naan has a widespread
distribution, having been
borrowed in a range of languages
spoken in central and south Asia,
where it usually refers to a kind
of flatbread.
The spelling naan was first
attested in 1979, and has since
become the normal English spelling.
Other than etymology, the "naan" is synonymous today and
originates from South Asia with
A Uyghur naan baker in Kashgar
influence from the Middle-East. The
most familiar and readily available
varieties of naan in Western
countries are the South Asian
varieties. In Iran, from which the
‏(نان)‏ word ultimately originated, nān
does not carry any special
significance, as it is merely the the
generic word for any kind of bread.
This is also true for other West Asian
nations or ethnic groups in the region, such as
57

Kurds, Turks, Azerbaijanis (from both Azerbaijan and Iran) and
other communities.
Afghani Naan Shop
South-Asian Naan
Naan in parts of South Asia
usually refers to a specific
kind of thick flatbread
(another well-known kind of
flatbread is chapati).
Generally, it resembles pita
and, like pita bread, is
usually leavened with yeast
or with bread starter
(leavened naan bread left
over from a previous batch);
unleavened dough (similar to
that used for roti) is also
used at times.
Naan is usually cooked in
a tandoor, from which
tandoori cooking takes its
name. This distinguishes it
from roti, which is usually
cooked on a flat or slightly
concave iron griddle called
a tava.
The Tandoor
The Tava
58

Modern recipes sometimes substitute baking powder for the
yeast. Milk or yogurt may also be used to impart distinct tastes
to the naan. Milk is specidfically used instead of watersince it
produces a softer dough. Also, when bread starter (which
contains both yeast and lactobacilli) is used, the milk undergoes
modest lactic fermentation.
Typically, the naan bread is served hot and brushed
with ghee (desicated butter) or butter. It can be used to scoop
other foods, or served stuffed with a filling. For example,
keema naan is stuffed with a minced meat mixture (usually lamb
or mutton or goat meat). Another variation is the peshawari naan
or the Kashmiri naan that are filled with a mixture of nuts
and raisins. In Pakistan, roghani naan is sprinkled with sesame
seeds. The other variety is the Kulcha while the Amritsari
naan (often called the asamritsari kulcha) is stuffed with mashed
potatoes, onion and lots of spices. Possible seasonings in the
naan dough include cumin and nigella seeds.
Kheema Naan
Amritsari Kulcha
A typical naan recipe involves mixing white flour with salt, a yeast
culture, and enough yogurt to make a smooth, elastic dough. The
dough is then kneaded for a few minutes and set aside to rise for
a few hours. Once risen, the dough is divided into balls (about
100 grams or 3.5 oz each), which are flattened and cooked.
In Pakistani cuisine, naans are typically graced with fragrant
essences, such as rose, khus (vetiver), or with butter or ghee
melted on them. Nigella seeds are commonly added to the naan,
specially in restaurants.
Naan bya in Burma is sometimes served at breakfast with tea or
coffee. It is round, soft, blistered and often buttered bread that is
served with pè byouk (boiled peas) on top, or dipped
59

in hseiksoup(mutton soup).
“Luri Fiçá" in Rohingya is similar to
Naan but made of Rice and served at
festivals with beef, mutton,
vegetables and also soups. It is also
known as the ‘National Cake’ of
Rohingya in Arakan.
Burmese Naan Bya with
Mutton Soup
Indian Meal with Naan
IMAGES
https://au.pinterest.com/pin/469922542340338727/
http://www.dineouthere.com/
https://momofrs.wordpress.com/2013/06/08/home-made-tandoori-roti/
http://kentseafishing.myfineforum.org/
http://baljeetsamritsarikoolcha.com/our-journey
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
60

THE TRADITIONAL NAAN MAKERS
MAKING NAAN WITHOUT A TANDOOR
61

Images
http://en.r8lst.com/Stylishly%20Fantastic%20high%20quality%20images%20of%20Annabel%20Lee
https://au.pinterest.com/pin/340514421796415468/
http://www.sffaudio.com/the-valley-of-unrest-by-edgar-allan-poe/
62

ALONE (1875)
From childhood's hour I have not been
As others were -- I have not seen
As others saw -- I could not bring
My passions from a common spring --
From the same source I have not taken
My sorrow -- I could not awaken
My heart to joy at the same tone --
And all I lov'd -- I lov'd alone --
Then -- in my childhood -- in the dawn
Of a most stormy life -- was drawn
From ev'ry depth of good and ill
The mystery which binds me still --
From the torrent, or the fountain --
From the red cliff of the mountain --
From the sun that 'round me roll'd
In its autumn tint of gold --
From the lightning in the sky
As it pass'd me flying by --
From the thunder, and the storm --
And the cloud that took the form
(When the rest of Heaven was blue)
Of a demon in my view --
63

ANNABEL LEE
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of ANNABEL LEE;--
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
She was a child and I was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea,
But we loved with a love that was more than love--
I and my Annabel Lee--
With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
Coveted her and me.
And this was the reason that, long ago,
In this kingdom by the sea,
A wind blew out of a cloud by night
Chilling my Annabel Lee;
So that her high-born kinsman came
And bore her away from me,
To shut her up in a sepulchre
In this kingdom by the sea.
The angels, not half so happy in Heaven,
Went envying her and me:--
Yes! that was the reason (as all men know,
In this kingdom by the sea)
That the wind came out of a cloud, chilling
And killing my Annabel Lee.
64

But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we--
Of many far wiser than we-
And neither the angels in Heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee:--
For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling, my darling, my life and my bride,
In her sepulchre there by the sea--
In her tomb by the side of the sea.
65

THE VALLEY OF UNREST
Once it smiled a silent dell
Where the people did not dwell;
They had gone unto the wars,
Trusting to the mild-eyed stars,
Nightly, from their azure towers,
To keep watch above the flowers,
In the midst of which all day
The red sun-light lazily lay.
Now each visitor shall confess
The sad valley's restlessness.
Nothing there is motionless --
Nothing save the airs that brood
Over the magic solitude.
Ah, by no wind are stirred those trees
That palpitate like the chill seas
Around the misty Hebrides!
Ah, by no wind those clouds are driven
That rustle through the unquiet Heaven
Uneasily, from morn till even,
Over the violets there that lie
In myriad types of the human eye --
Over the lilies there that wave
And weep above a nameless grave!
They wave: -- from out their fragrant tops
Eternal dews come down in drops.
They weep: -- from off their delicate stems
Perennial tears descend in gems.
66

67

How
We
Kept
Mother’s Day
By Stephen Leacock
68

So we decided to have a special celebration of Mother’s Day. We
thought it a fine idea. It made us all realize how much Mother had
done for us for years, and all the efforts and sacrifice that she had
made for our sake.
We decided that we’d make it a great day, a holiday for all the
family, and do everything we could to make Mother happy. Father
decided to take a holiday from his office, so as to help in
celebrating the day, and my sister Anne and I stayed home from
college classes, and Mary and my brother Will stayed home from
High School.
It was our plan to make it a day just like Xmas or any big holiday,
and so we decided to decorate the house with flowers and with
mottoes over the mantelpieces, and all that kind of thing. We got
Mother to make mottoes and arrange the decorations, because
she always does it at Xmas.
The two girls thought it would be a nice thing to dress in our very
best for such a big occasion and so they both got new hats.
Mother trimmed both the hats, and they looked fine, and Father
had bought silk ties for himself and us boys as a souvenir of the
day to remember Mother by. We were going to get Mother a new
hat too, but it turned out that she seemed to really like her old
grey bonnet better than a new one, and both the girls said that it
was awfully becoming to her.
Well, after breakfast we had it arranged as a surprise for Mother
that we would hire a motor car and take her for a beautiful drive
away into the country. Mother is hardly ever able to have a treat
like that, because we can only afford to keep one maid, and so
Mother is busy in the house nearly all the time.
But on the very morning of the day we changed the plan a little
bit, because it occurred to Father that a thing it would be better
to do even than to take Mother for a motor drive would be to take
her fishing.
So we all felt that it would be nicer for Mother to have a definite
purpose; and anyway, it turned out that Father had just got a new
rod the day before.
69

So we got everything arranged for the trip, and we got Mother to
cut up some sandwiches and make up a sort of lunch in case we
got hungry, though of course we were to come back home again
to a big dinner in the middle of the day, just like Xmas or New
Year’s Day. Mother packed it all up in a basket for us ready to go
in the motor.
Well, when the car came to the door, it turned out that there
hardly seemed as much room in it as we had supposed.
Father said not to mind him, he said that he could just as well stay
home, and that he was sure that he could put in the time working
in the garden; he said that we were not to let the fact of his not
having had a real holiday for three years stand in our way; he
wanted us to go right ahead and be happy and have a big day.
But of course we all felt that it
would never do to let Father stay
home, especially as we knew he
would make trouble if he did.
The two girls, Anne and Mary,
would gladly have stayed and
helped the maid get dinner, only
it seemed such a pity to, on a
lovely day like this, having their
new hats. But they both said
that Mother had only to say the
word, and they’d gladly stay
home and work. Will and I would
have dropped out, but
unfortunately we wouldn’t have
been any use in getting the dinner.
So in the end it was decided that Mother would stay home and just
have a lovely restful day round the house, and get the dinner. It
turned out anyway that Mother doesn’t care for fishing, and also
it was just a little bit cold and fresh out of doors, though it was
lovely and sunny, and Father was rather afraid that Mother might
take cold if she came.
70

So we all drove away with three cheers for Mother, and Father
waved his hand back to her every few minutes till he hit his hand
on the back edge of the car, and then said that he didn’t think that
Mother could see us any longer.
Well, – we had the loveliest day up among the hills that you could
possibly imagine.
It was quite late when we got back, nearly seven o’clock in the
evening, but Mother had guessed that we would be late, so she
had kept back the dinner so as to have it just nicely ready and
hot for us. Only first she had to get towels and soap for Father
and clean things for him to put on, because he always gets so
messed up with fishing, and that kept Mother busy for a little
while, that and helping the girls get ready.
But at last everything was ready, and we
sat down to the grandest kind of dinner
–roast turkey and all sorts of things like
on Xmas Day. Mother had to get up and
down a good bit during the meal fetching
things back and forward.
The dinner lasted a long while, and was
great fun, and when it was over all of us
wanted to help clear the things up and
wash the dishes, only Mother said that
she would really much rather do it, and
so we let her, because we wanted just
for once to humour her.
It was quite late when it was all over,
and when we all kissed Mother before
going to bed, she said it had been the
most wonderful day in her life, and I
think there were tears in her eyes. So we
all felt awfully repaid for all that we had
done.
71

72

The
Controversial
Photographs
Of
Lewis Carroll
SOURCE: http://petapixel.com/2014/04/18/look-unknown-controversial-photography-career-lewis-carroll/
73

The world knows him as the author of such popular books as
Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland. However Lewis Carroll
(Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), was much more than just an author.
He was a logician, a mathematician, a minister and, of course, a
photographer.
Carroll was born in Cheshire, England in 1832. His early
education was at home and the books that he collected and read
during those years demonstrate his exceptional level of
intelligence at a very young age. His only drawback was a speech
impairment that caused him to stammer and stutter. He was sent
to Richmond Grammar School and then to Rugby School. Upon
leaving Rugby, Dodgson enrolled at Oxford under a member of his
father’s college, Christ Church. But his stay at the school was
short-lived. Two days after arriving in his dormitory, Dodgson was
sent home after his mother tragically passed away.
College turned out to be very hard for Carroll as he tried to
balance his extraordinary intelligence with regular work.
Ultimately, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts before returning
to Christ Church as an educator, where he would work most of the
remainder of his life. From here on, Caroll’s life converged on his
rainbow of skills.
He took up writing in earnest and started establishing himself in
the world of literature. However he also managed to cultivate his
other talents in tandem - teaching, inventing, painting,
mathematics and photography.
Those were the days of infancy for photography and yet Carroll
was aware of the precise mathematical aspects required to make
photography an “art”. To an extent he was influenced by his
uncle Skeffington Lutwidge and his friend Reginald Southey and,
as with everything else that he laid his hand on, he excelled with
the camera. He spent nearly 24 years as a photographer and
reputedly had a portfolio of over 3000 photographs. His subject
matter was vast; covering landscapes, dolls, dogs, statues,
paintings, trees and even skeletons. It is not known why he did
74

Apterix australis. 1857
Portrait of Irene MacDonalds. 1863.
75

not emerge as a professional photographer although he had
every intention to be one.
Portrait of Xie Kitchin. 1874.
In 1880 Dodgson ended his photo career after the dry-plate
process replaced the wet collodion process he had spent so many
years mastering. It’s been said that he believed the switch to the
dry plate process made photography too easy; so much so that
anyone could do it – which was, in hindsight, a prophecy for the
future.
76

Although he had a very successful 24 years as a photographer,
not many people know this aspect of his life. There have been
many reasons attributed to this. One important reason is that
most of his photographs have gone missing and fewer than 1000
images have survived. However, research has shown that much
of his work has been deliberately “destroyed” like many parts of
his writings.
Since the 1930s, many scholars have controversially raised
doubts about the motivation behind some of his photographs and
his relationship with younger females. It is a known fact that
many of the subjects in his writing, paintings and photography
were young girls in the age
group of 10-15. In fact,
nudity is quite commonly
seen in his photographs of
young girls. These young
girls have inspired both his
stories and his photographs
and many experts have
argued that he might have
had paedophilic tendencies.
One young girl – Alice Liddell
(pictured on the left), a
daughter of a family friend –
has particularly been
associated with his works.
His photohraphs and his
writings have often featured
her and other characters with her likeness. Although he had
denied any links, Lidesll’s likeness with the central character of
Alice’s Adventures In Wonderland is hard to deny.
Interestingly, in later years, Lidelle named one of her children
Caryl although, like Lewis Carroll, Liddell was adamant that this
was just a coincidence.
The next few pages contain some of the photographs taken by
Lewis Carroll
77

Portrait of Alice Liddell. 1859.
Portrait of Thomas Combe. 1860.
78

Carroll with Alice Liddell
Portrait of Alice Liddell. 1858
79

Beatrice Hatch, 30 July 1873. Photograph taken by Lewis Carroll,
then coloured by Anne Lydia Bond on Carroll's instructions
Evelyn Hatch, 29 July 1879.Photograph taken by Lewis Carroll,
then coloured by Anne Lydia Bond on Carroll's instructions
80

Lewis Carroll - self portrait 1895
IMAGES/SOURCE:
http://www.photography-news.com/2015/01/lewis-carrolls-haunting-photographs-of.html
http://petapixel.com/2014/04/18/look-unknown-controversial-photography-career-lewiscarroll/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48335541
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