Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry 1st Edition unsecured

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Preface Textbook of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry is the outcome of numerous efforts of authors to assimilate the voluminous knowledge of traditional and modern pharmacognosy, which has long been a requirement of the curricula of various universities across the world. In times of yore, pharmacognosy was considered as the study of drugs of natural origin. The American Society of Pharmacognosy derived it as the study of physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drug, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. The world of pharmacognosy has continuously been enriching with multifaceted information considering various aspects of the natural drugs including history, alternative medicinal systems, classification, morphology, identification, cultivation, collection, production and utilization of drugs; trade and utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants and their contribution to national economy; adulteration of drugs of natural origin; evaluation of drugs by their physical, chemical and organoleptic properties; biological screening of herbal drugs; biosynthetic pathways of various phytopharmaceuticals; pharmacognostical study of crude drugs; extraction, isolation and purification of herbal drugs and modern plant biotechnology. Such an enormous information about the natural drug gives rise to a subject that is now recognized as modern pharmacognosy. It is a highly interdisciplinary science, encompassing a broad range of studies involving phytochemical study of medicinal plants and biologically active principles obtained from plants in addition to the traditional pharmacognostical aspects of natural drugs. Considering all this comprehensive information of the subject, a textbook is premeditated to contribute substantially to the world of pharmacognosist. This modern book of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry emphasizes the biodiversity of plants and encompasses biosynthesis, extraction, isolation of compounds with TLC identification, bioactivity determination and synthesis of plant components of interest in addition to the traditional pharmacognosy comprising cultivation, collection, morphology, microscopy, taxonomy, chemical constituents and uses of drugs of natural origin. A special feature of the book is an additional advantage, that of inclusion of marketed products of the drugs described. The book is designed to have 35 chapters divided into 10 parts (A to J). Each chapter is written with the aim to give a reasonable background to academician and researchers in the respective topic. A special miscellaneous chapter has been devoted to provide information about ayurvedic, marine medicinal plants, neutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals as well as herbs that have proved to be pesticides or allergens or producing colours, dyes and hallucinogenic effects. The objective of the authors is fully achieved by systemic assemblage of the well-written chapters with neat and clean well-labelled diagrams wherever necessary. The authors convey the deep sense of gratitude to their grandparents, parents, spouses and children for motivating them to provide a kind of book badly required collectively for undergraduate, postgraduate and researchers at one place. This is an added advantage the book will give to the readers of any walk of life. Doubtless, authors are indebted to all who have supported in giving this present shape to the book. Last but not the least, authors are immensely thankful to our publisher for their support, guidance and cooperation to publish this book. Suggestions and criticisms will always be solicited by the authors to further improve the quality of the book in real sense. —Authors Universal Free E-Book Store
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Page 2 and 3: Universal Free E-Book Store
Page 4 and 5: TEXTBOOK OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTO
Page 8 and 9: Contents Preface v PART - A Introdu
Page 10 and 11: PART A INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOGNOS
Page 12 and 13: History, Definition and Scope of Ph
Page 14 and 15: HISTORY, DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF PH
Page 20 and 21: ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE 11
Page 32 and 33: CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS OF NATURAL
Page 34 and 35: CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS OF NATURAL
Page 36 and 37: PART B PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Univer
Page 38 and 39: Morphology of Different Parts of Me
Page 40 and 41: MORPHOLOGY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF ME
Page 56 and 57:
MORPHOLOGY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF ME
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Study of Different Families CHAPTER
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STUDY OF DIFFERENT FAMILIES 59 See
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STUDY OF DIFFERENT FAMILIES 61 5.7.
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STUDY OF DIFFERENT FAMILIES 63 5.10
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STUDY OF DIFFERENT FAMILIES 65 5.15
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PART C CULTIVATION, COLLECTION, PRO
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Cultivation, Collection and Process
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CULTIVATION, COLLECTION AND PROCESS
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INDIAN TRADE IN MEDICINAL AND AROMA
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Utilization of Aromatic Plants and
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UTILIZATION OF AROMATIC PLANTS AND
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UTILIZATION OF AROMATIC PLANTS AND
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Role of Medicinal Plants on Nationa
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ROLE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON NATIONA
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PART D ANALYTICAL PHARMACOGNOSY Uni
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Drug Adulteration CHAPTER 10 10.1.
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DRUG ADULTERATION 109 and appearanc
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EVALUATION OF CRUDE DRUGS 111 the p
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EVALUATION OF CRUDE DRUGS 113 Melti
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Biological Screening of Herbal Drug
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BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF HERBAL DRUG
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PART E BIOGENESIS OF PHYTOPHARMA- C
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General Biosynthetic Pathways of Se
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GENERAL BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS OF SE
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PART F PHARMACOGNOS- TICAL STUDY OF
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Drugs Containing Carbohydrates and
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DRUGS CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES AND
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Drugs Containing Alkaloids CHAPTER
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 187 Alka
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 189 alka
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 191 Micr
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 193 STRA
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 195 plan
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 197 used
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 199 whit
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 201 Biol
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 203 NUX
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 205 wood
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 207 Chem
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 209 Cult
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 211 alka
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 213 Lich
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 215 Fig.
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 217 prep
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 219 HC N
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 221 The
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 223 cons
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 225 acum
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 227 Uses
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 229 and
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DRUGS CONTAINING ALKALOIDS 231 also
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 233 S.
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 235 16.
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 237 Upp
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 239 and
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 241 the
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 243 Che
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 245 dis
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 247 les
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 249 Use
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 251 Upp
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 253 16.
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 255 LIQ
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 257 HO
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 259 Mic
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 261 His
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 263 GOK
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 265 Oth
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 269 to
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 271 Mic
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 273 Cha
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 275 Geo
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DRUGS CONTAINING GLYCOSIDES 279 The
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DRUGS CONTAINING VOLATILE OILS 281
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 319 Accordi
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 321 Allied
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 323 The aro
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 325 dried i
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 327 Chemica
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 329 Charact
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 331 Markete
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 333 bear nu
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 335 Geograp
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 337 Charact
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 339 and thi
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DRUGS CONTAINING RESINS 341 Chemica
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 343 solubil
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 345 tempera
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 347 Biologi
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 349 the ger
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 351 (a) Hil
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 353 Charact
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 355 Uses Th
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 357 colour
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 359 Geograp
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DRUGS CONTAINING LIPIDS 361 50-55°
Page 372 and 373:
DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 363 Nonhyd
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 365 Charac
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 367 Morpho
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 369 is 25-
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 371 Allied
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 373 Biolog
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DRUGS CONTAINING TANNINS 375 Micros
Page 386 and 387:
Enzymes and Protein Drugs CHAPTER 2
Page 388 and 389:
ENZYMES AND PROTEIN DRUGS 379 in ta
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ENZYMES AND PROTEIN DRUGS 381 amino
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ENZYMES AND PROTEIN DRUGS 383 Chara
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ENZYMES AND PROTEIN DRUGS 385 flocc
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ENZYMES AND PROTEIN DRUGS 387 Uses
Page 398 and 399:
FIBRES, SUTURES AND SURGICAL DRESSI
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Drugs of Mineral Origin CHAPTER 23
Page 410 and 411:
DRUGS OF MINERAL ORIGIN 401 TALC Sy
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DRUGS OF MINERAL ORIGIN 403 Uses Pr
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PART G EXTRACTION, ISOLATION AND PU
Page 416 and 417:
General Methods for Extraction, Iso
Page 418 and 419:
GENERAL METHODS FOR EXTRACTION, ISO
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Isolation of Phytopharmaceuticals C
Page 428 and 429:
ISOLATION OF PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS 4
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PART H MEDICINAL PLANT BIOTECHNOLOG
Page 446 and 447:
Plant Tissue Culture CHAPTER 26 26.
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 439 Van Overbe
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 441 Au
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 443 Table 26.2
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 445 substitute
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 447 Complete F
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 449 to four we
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE 451 glucose mo
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PART I MISCELLANEOUS Universal Free
Page 464 and 465:
Ayurvedic Pharmacy CHAPTER 27 27.1.
Page 466 and 467:
AYURVEDIC PHARMACY 457 Preservation
Page 468 and 469:
AYURVEDIC PHARMACY 459 Method of Pr
Page 470 and 471:
Marine Pharmacognosy CHAPTER 28 28.
Page 472 and 473:
MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY 463 Avarol and
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MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY 465 CH 2 OH Br
Page 476 and 477:
MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY 467 NH 2 NH 2
Page 478 and 479:
MARINE PHARMACOGNOSY 469 marine cra
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Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals C
Page 482 and 483:
NUTRACEUTICALS AND COSMECEUTICALS 4
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Page 492 and 493:
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NATURAL PESTICIDES 485 invertebrate
Page 496 and 497:
NATURAL PESTICIDES 487 (chrysanthem
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NATURAL PESTICIDES 489 Biological S
Page 500 and 501:
NATURAL PESTICIDES 491 whether the
Page 502 and 503:
NATURAL PESTICIDES 493 Synthesis SY
Page 504 and 505:
Poisonous Plants CHAPTER 31 31.1. I
Page 506 and 507:
POISONOUS PLANTS 497 berries of Sol
Page 508 and 509:
POISONOUS PLANTS 499 Common Names C
Page 510 and 511:
POISONOUS PLANTS 501 Clinical Findi
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POISONOUS PLANTS 503 in large termi
Page 514 and 515:
POISONOUS PLANTS 505 Toxin Aconitin
Page 516 and 517:
Natural Allergens CHAPTER 32 32.1.
Page 518 and 519:
NATURAL ALLERGENS 509 the Ancardiac
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NATURAL COLOURS AND DYES 511 found
Page 522 and 523:
NATURAL COLOURS AND DYES 513 Singh
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NATURAL COLOURS AND DYES 515 33.13.
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HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS 517 Hallucino
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HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS 519 method. T
Page 530 and 531:
HALLUCINOGENIC PLANTS 521 Medicinal
Page 532 and 533:
PART J TRADITIONAL DRUGS OF INDIA U
Page 534 and 535:
Detail Study of Traditional Drugs o
Page 536 and 537:
DETAIL STUDY OF TRADITIONAL DRUGS O
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Index A Abana, 223, 258, 259, 287,
Page 566 and 567:
INDEX 557 Asparagus recemosus, 89,
Page 568 and 569:
INDEX 559 Cinnamaldehyde, 291 Cinna
Page 570 and 571:
INDEX 561 Ephedra nevadensis, 517 E
Page 572 and 573:
INDEX 563 Imli, 180 Immunol, 223, 5
Page 574 and 575:
INDEX 565 Methyleugenol, 306 o-meth
Page 576 and 577:
INDEX 567 Pollen Allergens, 508 Pol
Page 578 and 579:
INDEX 569 Sinigrin, 267 Sitopaladi
Page 580 and 581:
INDEX 571 Vilangin, 554 Villavecchi
Page 582 and 583:
BIOLOGICAL INDEX 573 Atropa acumina
Page 584 and 585:
BIOLOGICAL INDEX 575 Gelidium amans
Page 586 and 587:
BIOLOGICAL INDEX 577 Q Quassia amar
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