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end of an era US Medical Colleges End Animal Laboratory Practice By Benjamin Goodin Recently, a momentous event quietly transpired as many of us were preparing to celebrate our country’s independence. In late June, just weeks after the medical school at Johns Hopkins University made a similar decision, the University of Tennessee discontinued the use of live animal laboratories in its medical school. With the end of this final program, live animal laboratories are officially no longer required at any American or Canadian medical schools. Live animal laboratories were a common fixture in medical schools until the last two decades, when their use and popularity declined significantly. Live animal laboratories were commonly used to acquaint medical students with surgical and internal procedures on living anatomy. While first-hand familiarity with anatomy is vital knowledge for a future surgeon or practitioner of professional medicine on humans, there have been longstanding concerns by many parties as to the ethical nature of using live animals. Common practice dictated that laboratory subjects, typically dogs, sheep, and pigs, be anesthetized during procedures per- ’Thank You Thank you for donating items to Sojourn Shelter & Services during Thanksgiving In July, and supporting our Run for Prevention 5K, to aid Health Missions. We’re proud to serve your family with all your chiropractic care and overall wellness needs. Dr. Bryne Willey Springfield Chiropractor Family Friendly Chiropractic Healthcare 2025 West Iles Avenue, Springfield IL 62704 217-787-7500 chiropractorspringfield.org ’ formed in animal laboratories, however, they were generally euthanized at the conclusion of the lab experience. The euthanasia was considered a kindness for the laboratory animals, which would be greatly injured during these exploratory and practice procedures. The majority of live animal laborites were required curriculum for medical students and, until recent decades, could not be opted out of or replaced with alternative curriculum. Should a student have ethical compunctions with the requirements of the laboratory curriculum, they would often be dismissed from their program for failing to complete the animal laboratory prerequisite. Although firsthand experience is undoubtedly the best way for any learning to take place, the affordability and adaptability of programs used to instruct medical students were the primary concerns of many training institutions. Recent advancements in medical, materials, and computer sciences have made realistic simulation software, tools, and environments a viable and affordable alternative to instruct medical students. Instituting advanced simulation environments that can accurately model human physiology has made animal laboratories a less affordable and less accurate model for instructing internal medicine. Pairing simulation and practice environments with clinical experiences, wherein a medical student observes and assists experienced professionals, is not only better aligned to the goals of medical learning curriculum, but may cost less, financially and ethically, over time. Although the use of animal laboratories persists in medical research fields and in some advanced surgical training programs, there is some hope that the advanced technical and simulation models of the near future will outdate experimentation on live animals in these fields as well. Sources available upon request. Photo credit: annedde/iStock Page 28 — Healthy Cells Magazine — Mid-Illinois Springfield / Decatur — September 2016
healthy reading Cards for Brianna Book Review by The Bookworm Sez The mail’s here. Mostly, you know, it’s bills, fliers for a new dentist in town, sometimes a magazine, and a reminder from your veterinarian. You got two requests for donations and a letter from an organization you belonged to, years ago… but look again. Maybe, as in “Cards for Brianna” by Heather McManamy (with William Croyle), there’s something more special in the pile. In the annals of Something’s Not Right Here, Heather McManamy’s name must be at the top of the list. Thirty-three years old, married, the mother of a toddler daughter, McManamy was “living a dream” until she found a lump on her chest. The lump was stage II breast cancer; just about a year later, she was told she had “two years at most to live.” On the day she received that devastating news, McManamy says that she and her husband decided not to dwell on the diagnosis. There wasn’t much that could be done about it anyhow, but McManamy understandably became concerned about her daughter. Brianna had dealt with the deaths of pets at a tender age — but how would she ever understand the loss of her mother? Knowing that it was likely Brianna might have a stepmother someday (and frankly welcoming the idea), McManamy made videos and audio recordings for her daughter to have someday, which sometimes seemed silly. It was then that she hit upon the idea of leaving greeting cards for Brianna, one for each milestone when a girl might particularly need her mother. “Don’t wait to do the things you want to do,” she wrote in one card. Laugh every day. Learn who your friends really are, and let them help you; conversely, if you know someone who’s going through rough times, ask before you help. “Soak in the love” on your special days. Accept that good can come from very, very bad things. Never give up hope. Remember that “every day matters.” And if there’s ever a question, “Yes, a card is always good.” I genuinely expected that I’d need a pickup truck full of tissues for my time with “Cards for Brianna.” There’s the first surprise: I didn’t. Yes, there are moments when your emotions will rule, but author Heather McManamy (who died last December) mostly writes about dealing with cancer, enduring chemo, losing her hair, keeping a sense of humor, and trying to make every single last minute count. There are, believe it or not, some smiles in this book (with William Croyle), but there’s also anger, too: anger at the situation, at faux-friends, and at the “pink ribbon” movement that, she says, pushes “metsters” aside. Readers may notice, given these occasional literary outbursts, that McManamy tried very hard to remain upbeat, but cancer sometimes took that away from her, too. This may be a very difficult book to read if you’re new to the cancer-go-round, but old hands at it might enjoy the truthfulness and camaraderie inside. For you, family, or anyone who’s in need of a bad-time boost, “Cards for Brianna” may be heaven-sent. By Heather McManamy with William Croyle © 2016, Sourcebooks, 201 pages, $15.99 September 2016 — Mid-Illinois Springfield / Decatur — Healthy Cells Magazine — Page 29
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