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Graph 1: Contact crimes and property crimes: Change in rate per 100 000 of population between 1994/95 and 2010/11 40, 0% 30, 0% 20, 0% 10, 0% 0, 0% –10, 0% –20, 0% –30, 0% –40, 0% –50, 0% –60, 0% Murder Attempted murder Aggravated robbery Common robbery Residential burglary Non-residential (business) burglary Source: SAPS, www.saps.gov.za, accessed 29 September 2015 The murder rate, for instance, had halved, allowing Honduras to assume the dubious title of “most violent country in the world.” SA’s murder rate had also been eclipsed by several Latin American and Caribbean countries (See table 3). On the other hand, the South Africa of 2011 remained shockingly violent in international terms. Even at the reduced rate of 31/100,000, our murder rate was fi ve times higher than the global average, thirty times higher than Switzerland’s, and a hundred times higher than Liechtenstein’s, Singapore’s and Iceland’s. Differentials in robbery rates were equally dizzying. According to data published by the European Institute for Crime Prevention in 2011, South Africa’s robbery rate was roughly six times higher than Australia’s, 13 times higher than Israel’s, 41 times higher than Tunisia’s and 123 times higher than Japan’s. Even at the reduced rate of 31/100,000, our murder rate was five times higher than the global average. Table 3: International murder a numbers and rates per 100 000 people, 2000 and 2013 2000 2013 CHANGE COUNTRY NUMBERS RATES NUMBERS RATES NUMBERS RATES Australia 362 1.9 249 1.1 –31% –42% Bahamas 74 24.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A Colombia 26 540 66.5 15 419 31.8 –42% –52% Costa Rica 249 6.3 411 8.4 65% 33% Czech Republic 181 1.8 98 0.9 –46% –50% Dominican Republic 1 210 14.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Denmark 58 1.1 42 0.7 –28% –36% El Salvador 2 341 39.3 2 499 39.8 7% 1% France 1 051 1.8 777 1.2 –26% –33% Germany 1 015 1.2 585 0.7 –42% –42% Honduras 3 176 50.9 6 757 84.3 113% 66% 6 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS 2230_SAIRR_WWACinSA_sm4.indd 6 2016/09/05 5:04 PM
2000 2013 CHANGE COUNTRY NUMBERS RATES NUMBERS RATES NUMBERS RATES Hungary 205 2.0 265 2.7 29% 35% India 47 368 4.5 41 984 3.3 –11% –27% Indonesia 2 204 1.1 1 386 0.6 –37% –45% Ireland 37 1.0 52 1.1 41% 10% Israel 147 2.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A Italy 766 1.3 502 0.8 –34% –38% Jamaica 887 34.4 1 200 42.9 35% 25% Kazakhstan 2 325 16.0 1 273 7.8 –45% –51% Latvia 238 10.0 69 3.5 –71% –65% Malawi 700 6.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Mexico 10 737 10.3 23 063 18.9 115% 83% Morocco 461 1.6 429 1.3 –7% –19% Namibia 380 20.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Panama 299 9.8 663 17.2 122% 76% Pakistan 8 906 6.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Philippines 5 735 7.4 9 153 9.3 60% 26% Portugal 116 1.1 144 1.3 24% 18% Romania 560 2.5 336 1.5 –40% –40% South Africa 21 758 48.5 17 068 31.9 –22% –34% Spain 553 1.4 302 0.6 –45% –57% Switzerland 69 1.0 58 0.7 –16% –30% United Kingdom b 1 002 1.7 602 1.0 –40% –41% United States 15 586 5.5 12 253 3.8 –21% –31% Source: United Nations Offi ce on Drugs and Crime, www.unodc.org, accessed 30 September 2015; Global Study on Homicide 2013, September 2014 a Experts usually discourage the use of international crime statistics to rank countries in terms of safety. This is because, they argue, countries use different legal defi nitions for crime categories, countries have different crime-reporting rates and effi ciency of recording crime varies throughout the world. However, murder is regarded as a reasonably reliable benchmark to compare safety and security levels among countries. This is because there is relative consistency in its legal defi nition and because it is one of the most widely reported crimes. b This refers to England and Wales only. It excludes Northern Ireland and Scotland. The information for the UK is only up to 2011, the latest available. A 2011 survey by Statistics South Africa revealed that 62 percent of the populace was afraid to go out after dark, and that 33 percent felt vulnerable in parks and empty spaces. Alarming percentages also thought the police were corrupt (47 percent), lazy (56 percent) and unlikely to show up in time (68 percent). A 2011 survey by Statistics South Africa revealed that 62 percent of the populace was afraid to go out after dark. WINNING THE WAR ON CRIME IN SOUTH AFRICA: A NEW APPROACH TO COMMUNITY POLICING 7 2230_SAIRR_WWACinSA_sm4.indd 7 2016/09/05 5:04 PM
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