18.10.2016 Views

Llinell Amser / A Line Through Time

Llinell Amser: darganfyddiadau archaeolegol ym Mharc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog yn ystod y gwaith o osod piblinell nwy Aberdaugleddau i Aberhonddu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A Line Through Time: archaeological discoveries in the Brecon Beacons National Park during the installation of the Milford Haven to Brecon gas pipeline

Llinell Amser: darganfyddiadau archaeolegol ym Mharc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog yn ystod y gwaith o osod piblinell nwy Aberdaugleddau i Aberhonddu
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A Line Through Time: archaeological discoveries in the Brecon Beacons National Park during the installation of the Milford Haven to Brecon gas pipeline

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<strong>Llinell</strong> <strong>Amser</strong>: darganfyddiadau archaeolegol ym Mharc Cenedlaethol Bannau Brycheiniog<br />

yn ystod y gwaith o osod piblinell nwy Aberdaugleddau i Aberhonddu<br />

Bywyd a’r byd a ddaw: marwolaeth yn yr<br />

Oes Efydd<br />

Rydym yn gwybod o weddillion a gafodd eu canfod<br />

mewn mannau eraill fod agweddau at farwolaeth yn y<br />

gorffennol yn wahanol i agweddau yn yr oes bresennol,<br />

ac roedd y gwahaniad rhwng y meirw a’r byw yn llai<br />

clir. Ar y tudalennau hyn, gwelwn yr hyn a allai fod wedi digwydd<br />

yn dilyn marwolaeth y fenyw o’r Oes Efydd (1) a gafodd ei chladdu<br />

yn y fynwent y gwnaethom edrych arni ar y tudalennau blaenorol.<br />

Wrth i’r fenyw ddod yn nes at farwolaeth, mae’r<br />

paratoadau ar gyfer ei thaith i’r byd nesaf yn cychwyn<br />

(2). Mae coed tanwydd ar gyfer ei choelcerth amlosgi a bwyd ar<br />

gyfer gwledd yn cael eu casglu a’u paratoi. Mae aelodau’r teulu<br />

mewn pentrefi eraill yn cael eu gwahodd i’r angladd.<br />

Pa baratoadau eraill y gallai fod wedi’u gwneud ar gyfer yr<br />

angladd a’r seremoni?<br />

Mae ei chorff yn cael ei gario i’r goelcerth angladdol<br />

mewn gorymdaith (3). Mae seremoni’n cael ei chynnal tra bo’r<br />

tân yn cael ei gynnau ac mae’r galarwyr yn gwylio’r fflamau’n<br />

codi tuag at y corff. Yng ngolau’r goelcerth, mae’r galarwyr yn<br />

gwledda ac yn rhannu storïau am y fenyw. Ar ôl rhai oriau, mae’r<br />

corff wedi troi’n wasgariad o ddarnau bach o esgyrn sydd wedi<br />

gwynnu ac sydd wedi’u cymysgu â lludw’r coed.<br />

Mae’r esgyrn llosg yn cael eu casglu gan aelodau<br />

agos o’r teulu (4). Mae rhai’n cael eu cludo i’r fynwent<br />

deuluol ger yr afon. Mae twmpathau bach yn nodi beddau<br />

cynharach lle mae hynafiaid a theulu’r fenyw farw wedi’u claddu,<br />

ac mae’r galarwyr yn cerdded tuag at un o’r rhain. Mae un o’i<br />

pherthnasau’n tyllu drwy’r twmpath bach i mewn i fedd sy’n bodoli<br />

eisoes, gan ddatgelu pridd tywyll wedi’i gymysgu â darnau bach o<br />

esgyrn dynol llosg. Dyma weddillion gŵr y fenyw ac un o’i phlant.<br />

Ar ôl dweud rhai geiriau, mae merch hynaf y fenyw yn gosod<br />

gweddillion ei mam yn y bedd. Mae’r ferch hefyd yn gosod un o’r<br />

gleiniau a oedd gan ei mam, sydd wedi’i wneud o asgwrn anifail,<br />

yn y bedd, ac efallai fod y galarwyr yn ychwanegu peth o’r bwyd<br />

o’r wledd angladdol.<br />

Ni chafodd pob un o esgyrn amlosgedig y fenyw ei<br />

gladdu, ond nid ydym yn gwybod beth ddigwyddodd<br />

i’r gweddill. A oeddent yn cael eu cadw yng nghartref y teulu?<br />

A oeddent yn cael eu claddu mewn man arall? A oeddent yn cael<br />

eu gwasgaru? Un posibilrwydd yw bod gweddillion hynafiaid yn<br />

cael eu cadw fel y gellid dod â nhw allan ar achlysuron arbennig i<br />

gymryd rhan ym mywyd y teulu.<br />

Life and afterlife: death in the Bronze<br />

Age<br />

We know from remains found elsewhere that attitudes<br />

to death in the past differed from today, and the<br />

separation between the dead and the living was less<br />

clear. On these pages, we see what might have happened<br />

following the death of the Bronze Age woman (1) who was buried<br />

in the cemetery we looked at on the previous pages.<br />

As the woman approaches death, preparations for<br />

her passing to the afterlife begin (2). Fuelwood for her<br />

cremation pyre and food for a feast are collected and prepared.<br />

Family members in other villages are invited to the funeral.<br />

What other preparations might have been made for the<br />

funeral and ceremony?<br />

Her body is carried to the funeral pyre in a procession<br />

(3). A ceremony is held whilst the fire is lit and the mourners<br />

watch the flames rise towards the body. In the light of the pyre, the<br />

mourners feast and exchange stories about the woman. After a<br />

few hours, the body has turned to a scatter of small whitened bone<br />

fragments mixed with the wood ash.<br />

The cremated bone is collected by close family<br />

members (4). Some is carried to the family cemetery overlooking<br />

the river. Small mounds mark earlier graves holding the dead<br />

woman’s ancestors and family, and the mourners make for one<br />

of these. One of her relatives digs away the small mound into an<br />

existing grave, exposing dark soil mixed with white flecks of burnt<br />

human bone. These are the remains of the woman’s husband and<br />

one of her children. After saying a few words, the woman’s eldest<br />

daughter places her mother’s remains in the grave. The daughter<br />

also places one of her mother’s beads, made from animal bone,<br />

into the grave, and perhaps the mourners add some of the food<br />

from the funeral feast.<br />

Not all of the woman’s cremated bone was buried but<br />

we don’t know what happened to the remainder. Was<br />

it kept within the family home? Was it buried elsewhere? Was it<br />

scattered? One possibility is that the remains of ancestors were<br />

kept so that they could be brought out on special occasions to<br />

participate in family life.<br />

PALAEOLITHIG MESOLITHIG NEOLITHIG<br />

PALAEOLITHIC MESOLITHIC NEOLITHIC<br />

YR OES EFYDD<br />

BRONZE AGE<br />

YR OES HAEARN RHUFEINIG-BRYDEINIG CANOLOESOL ÔL-GANOLOESOL MODERN<br />

IRON AGE ROMANO-BRITISH MEDIEVAL POST-MEDIEVAL MODERN

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