Ship Upgrade with KRAL. Pumps and Flowmeters for the Marine.

Ship Upgrade with KRAL.
Pumps and Flowmeters
for the Marine.

On land.
All measurement results of the KRAL fuel consumption measurement can be transferred to the
shipping company via an Internet connection. With KRAL, the fleet manager has comprehensive
information about the operating costs for fuel. The report time can be defined as desired.
Port.
The port authority evaluates a clean engine room as an important indicator of the operational safety
of the vessel. Hermetically sealed KRAL pumps with magnetic coupling contribute significantly to
cleanliness and therefore to safety on board.
Coast.
In some coastal areas, seagoing vessels must switch over to low-sulfur fuel.
KRAL pumps are designed for the reliable pumping of low-sulfur, low-viscosity fuels.
Open sea.
Fuel is becoming increasingly expensive. The KRAL fuel consumption measurement system
measures the actual and the specific fuel consumption. KRAL pumps are proven heavy fuel oil
pumps. Constant innovation keeps them state-of-the-art.
The components of the magnetic coupling are our own development and design. That‘s one reason
why KRAL is known for the highest quality. The KRAL cylinder lubricating oil measurement indicates
excessive lubrication with high precision. That saves expensive lubricating oil and protects the
cylinders against increased wear. Particularly for extended voyages on the high seas, KRAL products
offer enormous savings potential.
Everything OK at sea.
Work at sea presents very special challenges. Seagoing vessels often have to rely on themselves
for weeks at a time. In such cases, it must be possible to rely on every component from the smallest
nut to the largest ship‘s propeller.
With its pumps and measuring devices oriented to the special needs of ship‘s engines, KRAL is a
reliable partner for marine. From research to finished product, we clearly focus on quality, efficiency
and protection of people, machines and the environment. So that everything is OK at sea, and stays
that way.
In this brochure you will find comprehensive information on the following subjects:
Pumps and pumpstations for low-sulfur fuels.
Hermetically sealed pumps with magnetic coupling.
Fuel consumption measurement.
Cylinder lubricating oil measurement.
2

You will find these Innovative Solutions in this Brochure
Pump stations for
low-sulfur fuels.
Page 6
Individual pumps for
low-sulfur fuels.
Page 6
Hermetically sealed
pumps with magnetic
coupling for distillates
and heavy fuel oil.
Page 14
3

Fuel consumption
measurement.
Now with GPS data.
Cylinder lubricating oil
measurement. Can help
saving a lot of money.
Page 22
Page 28
4

Customized Solutions
and Lots of Great Offers.
The requirements for shipping
companies are constantly increasing.
Tight deadlines, demanding
safety and environmental regulations
and close calculations are
part of everyday life on the high
seas.
We concentrate on customers
that are under pressure. Our
goal is to ease the tension with
our solutions. They can then
concentrate on their core business,
the economically attractive
operation of their vessels.
KRAL is a family-owned company
with decades of maritime
experience. Close contact with
leading shippers has made
it possible for us to develop
unique, customized solutions.
An example is provided by the
pump-stations for low-sulfur
diesel fuels.
Our current developments already
satisfy guidelines that will
first take effect in a few years.
We repeatedly optimize entire
series, because refinery processes
or legal provisions change.
Especially successful solutions
often come from customerspecific
developments. Our customers
appreciate our technical
competence and the cooperative
partnership. The great confidence
in our loyalty allows them
to describe problems entirely
openly, and we develop solutions
for them.
Christoph Tschegg
CEO
Our Offers
for you.
KRAL offers a variety of services
and information for shipping
companies.
We present specific offers in this
brochure. The symbol
10
in the
text draws attention to a special
offer. The number provided in the
symbol is the page on which the
offer is described.
You receive a checkbook of offers
with the brochure. Send in the
checks you want to “cash” or give
them to your KRAL consultant. If
you haven‘t received the checkbook,
please request it from KRAL.
5

2020
January 2020:
A further reduction of the maximum sulfur
content in heavy fuel oil to 0.5 % is planned.
2015
January 2015:
The sulfur content in ECAs is to be reduced from
the current 1.0 % to 0.1 %.
2012
January 2012:
MARPOL Annex VI will reduce the sulfur content of heavy fuel oil worldwide
from the current 4.5 % to 3.5 %.
August 2012:
The sulfur content in North American ECAs may not exceed 1.0 %.
Today
Only vessels using fuels with a maximum sulfur content of 0.1% may now be operated in EU ports.
On the coast of California, vessels within the 24 NM zone may only operate with fuels that do not
exceed a maximum sulfur content of 1.5 %.
ECAs in the Mediterranean, on the coast of the USA and Canada are planned.

KRAL pumps are already today working problem-free with
ULSD (ultra-low-sulfur diesel).
We would be pleased to show you the results of our successful
long-term tests. 11
Carefree Into the
ECA Future!
A number of new guidelines and regulations having to do with sulfur emissions
on the high seas and in coastal regions (ECA – Emission Control Area) will be
coming into effect in coming years. Will it still be possible to use existing fuel
pumps or is an upgrade necessary? What happens when the rules become
even stricter? Are pumps sold today also suitable for the low-sulfur fuels of the
future?
Many questions. KRAL has the answers. We already have pumps that can
operate with the sulfur limits of the future.

Pumps and Stations for Low-Sulfur Fuels
Everybody‘s talking
about ”low-sulfur“.
Pump housing damaged due to
inadequate lubrication.
Low-sulfur fuels can damage pumps.
Regulations and standards
such as MARPOL Annex
VI or EC Directive 2005/33/
EC are in force. These rules
limit the sulfur emissions
in Emission Control Areas
(ECA). That protects our
environment.
In comparison to heavy
fuel oil, the marine fuels
DMA, DMB and DMZ have
a lower viscosity. We would
be happy to personally
show you what was of
importance for the intensive
development of the pumps
and pump-stations. 11
The screws of three screw
pumps require lubrication.
This lubrication becomes
less effective with increasing
pressure and sinking
viscosity. That can result
in rapid wear of the pump
housing.
*ECA = Emission Control Area.
In order to assure our customers
the highest degree
of operational security and
a technological leadership,
research and development
play a very important role
at KRAL. Reliable pumping
of low-viscosity, low-sulfur
fuels is ensured by specially
developed processes for
the surface treatment of
the screws and the screw
housing.
Can existing pumps still be used?
The drastic changes to regulations
will require considerable
investment from shipowners.
KRAL helps you reach a decision
as to whether existing
pumps can still be
used. The table helps with
an initial estimation.
With the friendly assistance of
the SS Hohentwiel.
Make use of our offer to
evaluate existing equipment
for suitability for low-sulfur
fuels. 11
Evaluate suitability of your pumps.
Criterion
Alphanumerical serial number,
delivered prior to February 1, 2002.
Numerical serial number up to 134999,
delivered as of February 2, 2002 until
September 2004.
Series K and M with mechanical seal
or magnetic coupling and pump stations
DS, DKC, DMC with numerical serial
numbers from and including 135000,
delivered after September 2004.
Minimum viscosity
6 cSt
4 cSt
1.4 cSt
8

PACIFIC OCEAN
24 NM ECA
California
KRAL pump for low-sulfur
fuels.
ECAs of the Californian Coast.
Safety on board.
Will converting to new KRAL technology ready
you for the future?
Low-sulfur fuels have a
flash point of 140 °F. The
risk of an engine room fire
due to a fuel leak therefore
increases considerably.
This dangerous situation
can be avoided with a
hermetically sealed KRAL
pump with magnetic coupling.
Many things are changing
due to the change of solutions for low-sulfur
In the course of developing
regulations. There may be fuels, we carried out longterm
tests with ULSD
open questions. Are the
new KRAL pumps for lowsulfur
fuels also suitable for tests were very successful.
(ultra-low-sulfur diesel). The
future, stricter regulatory KRAL pumps are already
limitations? How do the suitable for the fuels of the
sulfur limit values develop? future. You will have peace
What does the new ISO of mind for many years with
8217 fuel standard mean for an upgrade to new KRAL
fuel pumps?
technology.
If you are interested, we
would be pleased to show We would be happy to tell
you the changes to the ISO you the exciting story of
8217 and their significance how we arrived at carrying
for fuel pumps.
out tests with ULSD.
11 11
9

Pumps and Stations for Low-Sulfur Fuels
KRAL double station series
DMC.
HFO and low-sulfur fuels
are very different. The
following applies for HFO:
the operating temperature
can reach 300 °F, abrasive
contents can endanger the
seal, and the viscosity is
sufficiently high. The following
applies for distillates:
the operating temperature
can reach 140 °F, distillates
are clean, viscosity can be
very low, and the flash point
is 140 °F.
Hermetically sealed pump with
magnetic coupling.
Should the same pump be used for HFO and low-sulfur fuels?
Third, on entering the ECA
the specified emission
values have to be reached
and the switch over process
must be finished at this
time.
In order to avoid the switch
over procedure, KRAL recommends
pump stations
of the DKC/DMC series in a
separate line for low-sulfur
fuels.
Discuss your ideas about
dual-fuel operation with
KRAL.
11
KRAL pumps are designed
for these operating conditions.
Three things are
of particular importance
when switching from HFO
to distillates. First, due to
the different operating temperature,
engine manufacturers
limit the temperature
gradients to a max. of 36 °F
per minute. Switching can
therefore involve a great
deal of time. Second, during
this time expensive distillate
is wasted for mixing.
KRAL recommends a separate line for low-sulfur fuels.
10

Our Offers
The development of
pumps for low-sulfur
fuels.
Suitability of existing
equipment.
The new ISO 8217.
Ultra-low-sulfur diesel
(ULSD).
KRAL trusts in quality
through technical competence,
because we want to
offer our customers peace
of mind. We have carried
out intensive research and
development and offer you
reliable solutions. We are
pleased to show you the
exciting development of
pumps and pump stations
because we are sure that
this will strengthen your
confidence in KRAL.
The question of whether
you can continue to use
your existing equipment for
low-sulfur fuels is important
because this involves
cost. Making technically
sound and future-oriented
decisions is a difficult task
due to the complexity of
the topic. We would be
happy to help you answer
this question.
The fuel standard ISO
8217 has been significantly
amended. A new type of
fuel has been included, the
specifications of known
types have been partially
changed and new specifications
have been added.
We would be happy to
personally show you what
has changed and what
influence the changes have
on the selection of pumps.
It wasn‘t that easy to find
low-sulfur fuels for our
research and development.
The creativity of our
engineers was challenged.
An interesting story, which
raises confidence in the
suitability for the future of
KRAL pumps and stations.
Let us know if you are
interested in our tests with
ULSD.
Blending or dual-fuel
operation?
How will you fulfill the
rules in the ECAs? Should
you switch over a longer
period from HFO to lowsulfur
fuels (blending)?
Or do you decide in favor
of separate fuel systems
for both fuel types (dual
fuel)? KRAL is happy to
offer technical assistance
and expertise as well as
specific solutions. We
invite you to discuss your
plans with KRAL at an early
stage. We promise you a
know-how benefit.
11

Pumps and Stations for Low-Sulfur Fuels
Heating system.
An electrical or fluid
heating system to pre-heat
highly viscous liquids.
Reversing valve.
For switching to the standby
pump or filter cleaning.
Expansion valves.
In order to prevent excessive
internal pressure in
the switched off part of
the block due to thermal
expansion, there are two
small expansion valves
installed in the cylinder of
the switch over valve.
Constant feed
pressure.
The pressure maintaining
valve ensures a constant
feed pressure, even with
fluctuating fuel flow.
Various liquids.
The manually, electrically
or pneumatically activated
two-way valve serves the
purpose of switching between
two alternative fuels.
Simple connections.
Suction- and feed piping
can be simply connected
to the easily accessible
front side of the station.
Temperature
measurement.
Two thermometers are
optionally available to
monitor the liquid temperature.
Pressure switch.
A pressure switch serves
the purpose of additional
pressure monitoring.
12

Permanent pressure
monitoring.
A pressure gauge installed
in the middle of the station
allows for easy monitoring
of the feed pressure.
Various sealing.
Several shaft seal options
are available. The hermetically
sealed magnetic
coupling provides reliable
and safe operation.
Suction strainer
monitoring.
The suction gauges can
be used to monitor the
degree of soiling of the
strainer.
Pump variations.
The double station can be
equipped with KRAL three
screw pumps of the KFT
series up to 232 psi or the
MF series up to 580 psi.
Non return valves.
Prevent back flow of liquid
into the pump.
Screws.
The surfaces of the
screws and the housing
are coated and hardened
to handle low sulfur-fuels.
KRAL pumps have already
passed long-term tests with
ULSD (ultra-low-sulfur diesel).
Differential pressure
monitoring.
A different pressure indication
with optional display
or electrical output signal
can be installed to monitor
the differential pressure at
the strainers.
Cooling fins.
To cool the fuel that is
internally bypassed.
Leak oil detection.
The oil pan can be equipped
with leak detection.
13

Not Every Fire is
this Romantic.
For example, fire on board. A fire in the engine room not only makes it impossible
to maneuver the vessel, it also means an enormous risk for the crew and
the cargo.

Hermetically Sealed KRAL Pumps with Magnetic Coupling
No more problems with
mechanical shaft seal.
Maintenance-free magnetic
couplings reduce the life cycle
cost.
Reduce life cycle costs.
Costs for replacement parts
and maintenance of mechanical
shaft seals increase
the lifecycle costs.
Mechanical shaft seals in
KRAL three screw pumps
are state-of-the-art technology.
However, even when
used correctly, they are
still wear parts. This means
costs for replacement parts
and maintenance.
KRAL magnetic couplings
are maintenance-free. The
magnetically coupled pump
already pays for itself after
3 years. We would be happy
to calculate the pay-off period
together with you. 19
Test out a pump at no charge
to convince yourself.
19
Heavy fuel oil residue in a
pump.
Prevent pump failure.
Heavy fuel oil residue can
result in pump failure.
In order to reduce friction,
the sliding surfaces of
mechanical shaft seals
require lubrication by the
pumped medium. The liquid
comes into contact with air
at the seal surfaces. Heavy
oil reacts with atmospheric
oxygen and forms coking
that damages the sliding
surfaces.
KRAL magnetic couplings
are hermetically sealed.
The fuel does not have any
contact with air and does
not form residue.
We have such confidence
in our solution that we are
prepared to offer a lifetime
guarantee for the seal. 19
A properly sealed pump keeps
the engine room clean.
Keep your engine room
clean.
Vessels can be permanently
denied access to ports if
they present a pollution
risk.
In some ports the Port
Authority inspects the
condition of incoming vessels.
A clean engine room
is an important evaluation
criterion and serves as an
indicator of the good condition
of the vessel. Dirty
and oily pumps make a bad
impression.
Pump leaks are made impossible
with hermetically
sealed magnetic couplings.
The engine room stays
clean and safe.
Magnetic couplings are
designed for an operating
temperature up to 482 °F.
Enable high pre-heating
temperatures.
Mechanical shaft seals
reach their limitations at
pre-heating temperatures of
HFO 500 and 700.
Refineries produce increasing
amounts of lighter
distillates out of a barrel
of crude oil. This results in
decreasing quality of the
remaining residual oil. That
is also the reason why HFO
500 and 700 came onto the
market. These fuels must
be pre-heated to
356 °F instead of to 300 °F,
as is the case for HFO 380,
in order to reach the low
injection viscosity. Mechanical
face seals can be used
up to 356 °F, meaning they
are at their limits.
Magnetically coupled KRAL
pumps can be operated
at up to 482 °F. We would
be happy to explain how
the change in HFO quality
led to the development of
the pump with magnetic
coupling. 19
16

Advantage:
The containment of the magnetic coupling completely encloses
the liquid between the pipe connections.
Disadvantage:
Interruption of the sealing contour by the necessary leakage of
the mechanical shaft seal.
Greatly reduce risk of fire.
Pump damage due to
incorrect commissioning.
Avoid blockage due to
solid materials.
Fire on board is one of the
biggest risks for crew and
cargo.
Fuel leaks and spray present
an ignition source, which
can quickly spread into a
fire throughout the entire
engine room. According
to SOLAS, high pressure
fuel lines must be double
walled. This does not apply
to booster module pumps,
although mechanical face
seals present a risk of considerable
leakage.
In order to close this safety
gap, KRAL has been highly
recommending pumps
with magnetic coupling for
years. The containment can
of the magnetic coupling is
an absolutely secure barrier.
The risk of fire is greatly
reduced.
Another fire risk originates
in the regulation of lowsulfur
fuels. Operating in
ECAs practically requires
the use of distillates fuels.
However, MDO has a flashpoint
of 140 °F.
A MDO leak at a mechanical
shaft seal is extremely
dangerous given the hot
surfaces in the engine
room.
The completely sealed magnetic
coupling also avoids
this fire risk.
Running the pump dry can
damage the mechanical
shaft seal.
Mechanical shaft seals
require forced lubrication.
Purging and filling is required
prior to the startup of
a pump. If this work is not
carried out, the mechanical
face seal will run dry and
can be destroyed.
KRAL magnetic couplings
provide additional protection
in the event of incorrect
commissioning.
Magnetic coupling vs.
mechanical shaft seal.
Magnetic coupling
Maintenance
interval: 40,000 h 10,000 h
Temperature: 482 °F 300 °F
Easy retrofit: Details on page 18.
Solid materials in the fuel
can lead to blocking and
damaging the pump.
In many cases it is not
worth to repair the pump,
and it must be replaced.
The magnetic coupling can
prevent damage to the
pump if screws block. The
motor uncouples from the
pump. The cause can be
corrected and the pump
restarted.
Mechanical shaft seal
Cost:
The magnetic coupling pays for itself after
maximum 3 years of operation.
17

Easy retrofit to magnetically
coupled pumps.
In order to keep the retrofit
from previous KRAL pumps
with mechanical shaft seal
to KRAL pumps with magnetic
coupling simple, KRAL
offers conversion kits that
keep the foot and pipe
connection dimensions unchanged.
Two reasons cause
some dimensions of the
magentically coupled pump
to change:
New KRAL flange for the
accommodation of an
Association of German
Machine and Plant
Builders (VDMA) pump
mounting bracket.
Possibly necessary,
larger electrical motor
to compensate for the
losses of the magnetic
coupling.
Initial situation: Previous KRAL pump with mechanical face seal.
All conversion kits are delivered
by KRAL pre-mounted.
The illustrations to the
right show the different
installation scenarios.
We can help you with the
retrofit upon request.
19
Conversion situation 1: The electric motor remains unchanged: identical power and
size. The unit has grown somewhat longer due to the KRAL flange for the accommodation
of the Association of German Machine and Plant Builders (VDMA) pump mounting
bracket. The pump foot is the same as that for the pump with mechanical face seal.
The pipe connection dimensions are retained. The length change is compensated for
with adapter sleeves in order to maintain the foot installation dimensions.
Everything included.
Floor anchoring.
The appropriate foot is
mounted to the pump.
Dimensional drawings.
Are included in the conversion
package.
2D and 3D CAD data.
Integrate the new pump
unit into your system
drawing.
Upon request you can
receive these on CD ROM.
Conversion situation 2: The next larger electric motor must be used. KRAL manufactures
and mounts a special foot with which the foot installation dimensions and
the pipe connection dimensions are retained. Adapter sleeves are not necessary.
18

Our Offers
Test a pump for free.
Lifetime guarantee.
Help with start-up.
Background knowledge.
We stand behind our products.
That‘s why we feel
confident about making
this offer. Replace your
pumps with mechanical
face seal, regardless of the
manufacturer, with KRAL
pumps with magnetic
coupling. You receive a
KRAL pump with magnetic
coupling for your booster
module for a test period
of up to one year at no
charge. We will take the
pump back if it doesn‘t
meet your expectations.
Magnetic couplings are
hermetically sealed over
their entire service life.
We guarantee this for the
lifetime for the seal.
Ask for the guarantee
conditions from KRAL.
Pay-off period
calculation.
A new pump brings many
advantages, but also often
raises questions among
the crew and technicians.
At your request we support
you in the installation
and commissioning of
your new KRAL pump. We
will be pleased to quote
commissioning and startup
services.
Interested? Get in touch
with KRAL.
Refinery processes, heavy
fuel oils, research and
development. One change
follows another. In an
exciting presentation we
show you the technological
development behind the
magnetic couplings for
KRAL three screw pumps.
Simply ask your KRAL
consultant.
Just ask about our pump
upgrade project.
We have created a life
cycle cost program for
KRAL pumps with magnetic
coupling. We assist you
in the calculation of the
individual pay-off period of
your upgrade project.
19

Innovative Solutions for Increased Safety
Optimal safety and significantly
reduced operating costs.
High outputs.
KRAL pumps with
magnetic coupling are
available for heavy fuel
oils applications up to
766 gpm.
No fuel residue.
Due to the sealed magnetic
coupling, the fuel does
not get in contact with air.
Therefore heavy fuel oil
cannot react with oxygen,
form coking and cause
damage. This eliminates a
significant source of pump
failure.
Temperature-resistant up
to 482 °F.
Protection against
overload.
In contrast to mechanical
face seals, the materials of
the magnetic coupling are
significantly more temperature-resistant.
Highly viscous
heavy fuel oils, which
need to be pre-heated to approx.
356 °F can be pumped
without a problem.
In the event of an overload,
the motor uncouples from
the pump. The magnetic
field is resynchronized as
soon as the motor has
come to a standstill. The
pump can be restarted.
20

The function.
The torque of the electric
motor is transferred without
contact through the
magnetic coupling to
the pump screws. This
is achieved via several
magnets located on two
rotors – one connected to
the motor and one to the
pump shaft. Both rotors
rotate in sync when in
operation.
Hermetically sealed.
The containment can is the
seal element of the KRAL
pump. It completely encloses
the pump shaft with
the inner rotor. The pump
is totally encapsulated and
hermetically sealed.
Optimized construction.
KRAL has already been
building magnetically coupled
pumps for more than
a decade. We have refined
and optimized the magnetic
coupling for three screw
pumps to make it suitable
for industrial applications
while making it economically
attractive. We design
all components ourselves.
Pump and magnetic
coupling are therefore
perfectly matched.
The magnetic coupling
is wear-free.
The magnetic coupling is a
non contact coupling. The
pump screws are driven
contact free through the
magnets on the outer and
inner rotor.
Where nothing grinds,
nothing can wear.
Safety margin for
start-up.
The magnetic coupling
completely replaces the
mechanical face seal.
That reduces the risk of
start-up damage due to
running dry.
21

There are more
Effective Ways
to Save Money.
Fuel consumption accounts for a considerable portion of vessel operating
costs. A great deal of experience and exceptional measuring technology
are necessary to acquire reliable measured values for fuel consumption.
KRAL offers both. With our help you can save where it makes sense.

Fuel Consumption Measurement
This is unique: fuel consumption measurement proven
over 15 years has never experienced so many innovations.
The “Fuel Consumption Bible“
explains technical details.
Experience is the most
important thing.
Pressure pulsations must be
compensated for.
BEM 800 integrates GPS data.
The innovation –
integration of GPS data.
Fuel consumption per
nautical mile.
Those who are unfamiliar
with fuel consumption
measurement don‘t stand
a chance and have to learn
the hard way.
Starting with mathematics
to calculate error propagation
according to Gauß
makes the requirement for
highly precise measurement
devices clear. In most
applications a differential
measurement is required
with a flowmeter in each –
the supply and return line of
the engine. The consumption
is calculated from two
individual measurements,
this is where Gauß comes
into play. We would be
happy to explain that to you
personally.
26
Additionally the injection
pumps cause powerful pressure
pulsations. The flow
direction reverses briefly
over and over, the temperatures
in the inlet and return
flow vary. The success of
the measurement also depends
upon the installation
location. We would like to
show you what despite the
rough operating conditions
has to be done to create
compensated and corrected
measurement values you
can trust.
26
With 15 years of experience,
we are familiar with
conditions on board. Our
electronics are perfectly
matched for the KRAL flow
meters. The software contains
our entire measurement
technology knowledge
about the fuel system.
The flow reversal and the
temperature differences in
the suppy and return flow
are taken into account.
Our brochure “Fuel consumption
measurement for
diesel engines“ is known
as “The Fuel Consumption
Bible“ in the industry. There
you can find out more on
this subject.
The KRAL fuel consumption
measurement previously did
not include location information.
The new BEM 800 FCM
adds on-board geodata to the
highly precise consumption
measurement values and
provides information about
the fuel consumption per
nautical mile.
The basis – KRAL Volumeter
and BEM 500.
The new BEM 800 FCM
receives the exact consumption
values from the
long proven system of the
KRAL Volumeter as flowmeter
devices and BEM 500 as
evaluation electronics.
The success of the measurement
begins with the quality
of the flowmeter devices
used. Volumeters are the
most exact displacement
meters in the world and are
therefore the prerequisite for
adequately precise measuring
values of the complete
system.
KRAL Volumeter, due to
their functionality, measure
bidirectional. This is why it
is easy to take fuel backflow
into account with the KRAL
Volumeter.
The KRAL BEM 500
electronics unit is specially
designed for KRAL flowmeter
devices. Two Volumeters
can be connected to the
BEM 500. With its optional
sensors, the BEM 500
registers fuel backflows and
temperature differences in
the supply and return flow.
BEM 800 uses the
measurement results of
the BEM 500.
The highly precise consumption
values from the BEM
500 are transferred to the
new BEM 800 and together
with the on-board GPS data
can now be displayed as fuel
consumption per nautical
mile on a clearly structured
display.
24

Torque and shaft rotational
speed.
Specific fuel consumption
per engine.
Data acquisition and transfer.
Remote display.
SFOC measurement
per engine.
Power measurement.
Data acquisition, transfer
and statistics.
Consumption measurement
display on the bridge.
Fuel consumption is influenced
by factors such as
swell and current. The precise
KRAL fuel consumption
measurement indicates
that. The consumption value
changes immediately.
In order to reliably save
fuel over a long voyage,
the engines must operate
at their optimal operating
points. The specific fuel
oil consumption (SFOC)
in g/kWh is a value that is
lowest for a defined load
range specified by the
engine manufacturer.
The new KRAL BEM 820
ADV can process measuring
values for torque and shaft
rotational speed and calculate
and display the SFOC
with the fuel consumption
in mass units. In this way
the operator can move towards
the optimal operating
point for saving fuel.
Engines on board are often
already equipped with a
power meter. With the BEM
840 EKW, KRAL offers the
possibility of processing
the measured power and
calculating the specific fuel
consumption in g/kWh with
the fuel consumption. Fuel
consumption, output generated
and SFOC are clearly
shown on only one screen.
The fleet manager wishes
to evaluate and document
the operating costs of his
fleet in order to derive costreduction
measures for the
future from this.
BEM 800 has a storage
capacity of one year. The
innovation has templates
for saving and displaying
saved measuring values
such as fuel consumption,
SFOC and data concerning
the day‘s voyage and total
voyage. The recorded data
can be transferred via an
USB interface or by e-mail.
Some vessels have no fuel
consumption display on the
bridge.
The KRAL BEM 810 RD is a
remote display and control
unit that takes measuring
values for fuel consumption
from the BEM 500 and
presents them on a dimmable
display. As an option,
the BEM 810 RD can read in
GPS data in order to display
the fuel consumption per
nautical mile and speed.
Operation is quite simple.
The display is dimmed with
a button. Data can be selected
from the BEM 500 and
displayed with the second
button. Data of the BEM 800
family can be repeated.
We can show you the many
possibilities with models
and software that simulate
operation.
26
25

Our Offers
Printout of a bunker receipt.
Bunker monitoring for
LFO and MDO.
The necessity of highly
precise flowmeters.
Simulation of a BEM 800.
Help with installation
and start-up.
Vessel operators don‘t
want to rely only on the
bunker receipt, they want
to confirm the bunkered
quantity themselves.
KRAL BEM 830 BKR
acquires measuring values
from the BEM 500 to
double check the refueling
process. The to be bunkered
quantity can be set as
target value. The KRAL system
shows the remaining
time and the transferred
amount. BEM 830 BKR
can print out a tank receipt
with the bunker data.
Each KRAL Volumeter is
delivered with its own
calibration certificate.
The measuring values of
the KRAL Volumeter can
be traced back to national
standards. With our
system you have good
arguments for discussing
inconsistencies.
We help you calculate
the measurement errors
according to Gauß for
KRAL Volumeter and for
other, less precise flowmeter
devices with the help of
a program. Together with
you, we discuss the importance
of highly precise
individual measurement
devices for the precision of
the overall system. We discuss
the system precision
you need.
We demonstrate the
various possibilities of
BEM 800 devices with a
simulation software even
prior to the installation. In
this way you can convince
yourself of the simple operation
and the information
content of the system.
Training.
We offer training seminars
on installation, operation
and usage of the measuring
value analyses.
With this knowledge you
become experts in the
measurement and saving
of fuel.
Basically you can install
and start up the KRAL fuel
consumption measurement
yourself. If you want
to be entirely sure, make
use of our many years of
experience and let us help
you.
The operating conditions
in the low-pressure fuel
system.
With an interesting Power-
Point presentation we
show you the cause for
pressure pulsations in the
low-pressure fuel system
and the possibility of short
reverse flow events. The
influences on the flowmeter
and the compensation
for possible measurement
errors are illustrated.
26

Fuel Consumption Measurement
If you need:
High Precision Single Line
Fuel Consumption Measurement.
If you need:
High Precision Differential Fuel
Consumption Measurement.
If you need:
Remote Display.
Optional: Geodata
(Fuel Consumption per NM).
If you need:
BEM 300.
BEM 500.
GPS
KRAL Volumeter ® .
KRAL Volumeter ® . KRAL Volumeter ® .
GPS
BEM 810 RD.
Geodata (Fuel Consumption
per NM).
Data Storage.
Data Transfer.
Multi-Engine System up to
5 Engines.
BEM 800 processor.
BEM 800 15" display.
If you need:
Specific Fuel Consumption
Measurement incl. Torque and
Rotation Speed Processing.
Multi-Engine System up to
5 Engines.
BEM 820 ADV.
If you need:
Measurement and Monitoring
of the Engine Performance.
Multi-Engine System up to
5 Engines.
BEM 840 EKW.
If you need:
Bunkering Monitoring System.
BEM 830 BKR.
If you need:
Multi-Engine System up to
16 Engines.
Data Storage.
Data Transfer.
Report Print.
Project Specific Solutions.
BEM 900.
KRAL Volumeter ® .
Up to 32 KRAL Volumeter ®
possible.
27

Faith, Hope
and Believe?
Or certainty instead?
Manufacturers of 2-stroke crosshead engines specify the cylinder lubricating oil
quantity. You can only hope that the specifications are observed.
Excessive lubrication costs a lot of money. With the KRAL cylinder lubricating
oil measurement you replace hope with precise measuring values.

KRAL Solutions for Cylinder Lubricating Oil Measurement
KRAL cylinder lubricating oil measurement
for 2-stroke crosshead engines.
The KRAL cylinder lubricating oil measurement enables the
measurement of the injection quantity for the first time.
A real money machine!
Excess lubrication can result
in additional operating cost
of up to USD 270,000* per
engine and year.
At USD 1,700 per ton,
lubricating oil is significantly
more expensive than fuel.
It not only lubricates the
cylinders, it also protects
them against corrosion and
sedimentation with the help
of additives. The additives
make lubricating oil expensive.
Operating costs rise
when too much lubricating
oil is injected. The spectrum
for setting the lubricating oil
quantity extends from
mechanically assisted injection
systems to computercontrolled
systems. The
injection quantity throughout
the entire load area
often doesn‘t agree with
the injection quantities programmed
in the controlled
system. Only measuring
offers information that ist
not provided by any control
system.
The KRAL cylinder lubricating
oil measurement fills
this gap and enables highly
precise measurement.
Deposits between the piston
rings.
Avoid engine damage.
Too much lubricating oil
damages pistons and
cylinders.
Lubricating oil contains
additives for protection
against corrosion and
sedimentation. Too much
lubrication can result in additive
deposits between the
piston rings. Piston rings
can break. That‘s expensive.
With the KRAL lubricating
oil measurement, the
operator receives correct
measuring values. The
injection quantity can be set
exactly with this information.
That prevents engine
damage.
Take fuel quality into
account.
The quantity of lube oil
depends upon the sulfur
content of the fuel.
When combusted, sulfur
reacts to become sulfur
dioxide, which, through sulfur
trioxide in combination
with water, has a strongly
corrosive effect and attacks
the cylinder liner. After each
bunkering it must be tested
whether the sulfur content
has changed in comparison
to the previously used fuel.
In case that the fuel is
different, the lubricating oil
quantity must be adjusted.
Engine manufacturers provide
operators with aids, for
example, setting tables.
Savings of up to
USD 270,000* annually.
Let us explain where we
see the great potential for
savings. 32
The KRAL lubricating oil
measurement shows
whether the manufacturer
specifications are actually
being achieved.
* Trade&Technical Press,
September 25, 2006
30

Graphic 1: The injectors cause strong pulsations and backflows.
Graphic 2: Lubricating oil measurement over the course of a day.
The measurement error in comparison to the level measurement
converges toward zero.
The best possible measurement precision
is extremely important.
Due to the interaction of the
actions of a number of injectors,
the lubricating oil flow
in the supply flow is not
constant, but rather chaotic.
This is a difficult measuring
task that encompasses
strong flow fluctuations and
periodic backflows.
With some injection systems,
the lubricating oil also
serves as servo oil for the
operation of the injectors.
The movement of the
injection pistons cause
pulsations and considerable
backflow quantities in the
oil flow as a consequence
(see graphic 1). In addition,
the cylinders of the engine
are supplied with varying
lubricant quantities at
different times. The oil flow
is anything but constant.
Difficult in terms of measuring
is that the lubricating oil
quantity to be measured is
far less than the total flow
quantity dominated by the
servo oil demand. Because
a considerable part of the
lubricating oil is directed
back from the injector to a
reserve tank, the consumption
measurement
is only successful as a
differential measurement
of two measuring values in
the case of systems with
a ring line. In addition to
this, backflows must be
recognized and subtracted
for a current measurement
value.
The temperature in the oil
tank can be significantly
less than in the injectors
close to the hot engine.
This means that density
differences of the cylinder
oil at the two measuring
points must also be taken
into account.
KRAL Volumeter are highly
precise flowmeter devices
(see graphic 2). They
function equally in both
flow directions. They are
equipped with a sensor
that recognizes the rotation
direction of the screws and
with a temperature sensor.
They therefore take into
account the special properties
of the oil flow and
deliver exact measurement
results.
We would be pleased to
present our measurements
Graphic 3: The actual lubricating
oil consumption is
considerably greater than the
specification of the engine
manufacturer. There is a lot of
potential for saving here.
to you. 32
31

Our Offers
Great savings potential.
We see savings potential
of up to USD 270,000 per
engine and year. Let KRAL
show you how we come to
this conclusion.
* Trade&Technical Press,
September 25, 2006
Practical experience.
KRAL technicians have
measured the lubricating
oil quantities of engines
equipped with lubricating
oil systems from Wärtsilä
and MAN. Let us demonstrate
this good practical
experience.
Help with
commissioning.
KRAL offers a precision
system with the cylinder
lubricating oil measurement.
In order to make use
of all advantages, KRAL
can assist in the selection
of the installation location
and with the start-up as
required.
32

KRAL Solution for Optimal Cylinder Lubricating Oil Measurement
BEM 500
Supply flow
Ring line
with injectors
Piston of the
diesel engine
Return flow
Optional
33

KRAL-USA, Inc., P.O. Box 2990, Matthews NC 28106, 901A Matthews-Mint Hill Road, Matthews NC 28105, USA
Tel.: (704) 814-6164, Fax: (704) 814-6165, www.kral-usa.com, e-mail: sales@kral-usa.com
Edition Z08/11. All rights reserved. Subject to change.