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MARTHOMA CROSSES PROF. M.M.NINAN CONTENTS PREFACE I FIRST CENTURY CHRISTIAN SYMBOLS 1 II SECOND CENTURY CHRISTIAN SYMBOLS 7 III SYMBOLS OF CHRISTIANITY COMPARED TO EGYPTIAN 12 HIEROGLYPHICS IV CROSS IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN VARIOUS FORMS 19 V CONCEPT BASED SYMBOLS 35 VI ST. THOMAS CROSS 44 VII SYMBOLISM 59 VIII BLEEDING CROSS OF ST. THOMAS MOUNT, CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU 67 IX ALANGAD BURNT CROSS, KERALA. 74 X KADAMATTAM CROSS, KERALA 78 XI MUTTUCHIRA CROSS, KERALA. 86 XII KOTTAYAM VALIAPALLY CROSSES 92 XIII KOTHANALLOOR CROSS, KERALA. 96 XIV AGASAIM CROSS, GOA. 99 XV ANURADHAPURA CROSS, SRI LANKA. 101 XVI OTHER CROSSES 105 XVII OTHER FORMS OF NASRANI CROSSES 108
MAR THOMA CROSSES PROF. M. M. NINAN PREFACE This is essentially a look into the various St.Thomas crosses of the Nazaranee Christians of India, particularly of Kerala. These Nazaranee Crosses appear all of a sudden around the eighth century without any previous existence in its current form. Around the same period we see the formation of the various forms of monotheistic advaitic philosophies and the formation of the religious forms today known as Hinduism. This was the end of the Kalabhra Inter-regnum and the occupation of the Vaishnava conquerrors in the Southern India. Strangely enough, the St.Thomas cross makes a connection with two theologians who were invited to a special synod in Quilon by the King of the region to deal with some form of Saivite theology which also culminated in the declaration of faith of the Christian Church as the symbolic St.Thomas Cross. It also started the age of Malabar Era. Ever since that time the Nazranee Christians has been using the Cross as their symbol projecting it everywhere. I have used only the known properties and history to direct attention to their historical and theological importance. No claim has been made for originality in that direction. But evidently it tells a story which is hidden and practically lost. The question is why did it all start at that historical point and why? Are Manikandan and ManikaVachagar the key? Is Hinduism of today the Gnosticised Christianity which got seperated in this process? Prof.M.M.Ninan 2017
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