FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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presence of non-psychotic symptoms in the week prior to interview. It is used to provide prevalence estimates for 14 types of common mental health problem symptoms and six types of common mental health problems, which include: depression, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, phobias, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and common mental disorders not otherwise specified (CMD-NOS). The CIS-R is also used to produce a score that reflects the overall severity of common mental health problem symptoms. A CIS-R score of 12 or more is the threshold applied to indicate that a level of common mental health problem symptoms is present and warrants primary care recognition. A CIS-R score of 18 or more indicates more severe or pervasive symptoms of a level likely to warrant intervention, e.g. medication or psychological therapy. 19 • One in six (17%) of people over the age of 16 had a common mental health problem in the week prior to being interviewed. This is an increase from the 2007 survey, which found that 16.2% had a common mental health problem in the past week. 20 • Since 2000, there has been a slight steady increase in the proportion of women with symptoms of common mental health problems (CIS-R score of 12 or more), with this increase in prevalence mostly evident at the severe end of the scale (CIS-R 18 or more). Men overall have remained relatively stable. 21 • • • • • • • Nearly half (43.4%) of adults think that they have had a diagnosable mental health condition at some point in their life (35.2% of men and 51.2% of women). A fifth of men (19.5%) and a third of women (33.7%) have had diagnoses confirmed by professionals. 22 A third of people (36.2%) who self-identified as having a mental health problem in the 2014 APMS have never been diagnosed by a professional. 23 In 2014, 19.7% of people in the UK aged 16 and older showed symptoms of anxiety or depression – a 1.5% increase from 2013. This percentage was higher among females (22.5%) than males (16.8%). 24 The APMS (2014) reports that, in England, the rates of common mental health problems are highest in the South West (20.9%), North West (19%), West Midlands (18.4%) and London (18%). They are lowest in the South East (13.6%) and the East (14.4%). In the 2015 Welsh Health Survey, 13% of adults (aged 16 and over) living in Wales were found to be currently receiving treatment for a mental health problem. 25 In the 2014–15 Northern Ireland Health Survey, 19% of respondents showed signs of a possible mental health problem. 26 In the 2014 Scottish Health Survey, it was found that 16% of adults exhibited signs of a possible psychiatric disorder, according to the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores. 27 14
Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Generalised anxiety disorder Depression Phobias OCD Panic disorder CMD–NOS Figure 1a: APMS prevalence of common mental health problems by sex Stansfeld, S., Clark, C., Bebbington, P., King, M., Jenkins, R., & Hinchliffe, S. (<strong>2016</strong>). Chapter 2: Common mental disorders. In S. McManus, P. Bebbington, R. Jenkins, & T. Brugha (Eds.), Mental health and wellbeing in England: Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014. Leeds: NHS Digital. • Findings from the APMS (2014) show that all types of common mental health problems were more prevalent in women than in men, with significance for GAD, phobias, panic disorder and CMD-NOS. See Figure 1a for the prevalence of common mental health problems by sex. 28 • The gap in rates of common mental health problems between young men and women (aged 16–24) has been growing. In 1993, young women were twice as likely (19.2%) to have symptoms of a common mental health problem compared to young men (8.4%). In 2014, these symptoms were nearly three times more common in young women (26.0%) than in men (9.1%). Anxiety was found to be more common in young women than in other age groups. 29 • Health surveys across the devolved nations found similar gender patterns in the distribution of common mental health problems. Women (%) Men (%) Wales 30 16 10 Northern Ireland 31 20 16 Scotland 32 17 14 Table 1a: Gender patterns of common mental health problems in the devolved nations 15
Page 1 and 2: FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the 2016 edition of
Page 9 and 10: prevent mental health problems and
Page 11 and 12: Longitudinal study: This is when a
Page 13: 1. The extent of mental health prob
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 What are the main types of ment
Page 19 and 20: Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
Page 21 and 22: for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51 and 52: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66:
4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68:
4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70:
• Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72:
4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74:
4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76:
• In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78:
Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80:
• Online mindfulness has been fou
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Exercise Exercise has been proven t
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5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86:
Spending on the mental health workf
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5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
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References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
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72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
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133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
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188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98:
247. Public Health England. (2014).
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307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
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371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
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421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106:
485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108:
538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
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mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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