FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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• According to a report published • The Scottish Health Survey (54%) and 46% were male. 302 estimates that there are 759,000 carers aged 16 and older in Scotland – 17% of the adult population, with 29,000 young carers. 83% of these in 2014 by NHS England, of the 225,000 young carers in England, 68% have had experiences of bullying at school. 303 carers report that they are unpaid. 298 • One in 20 young carers misses • In Northern Ireland, the 2011 census reported that 213,980 people were carers. 299 However, in <strong>2016</strong>, only 3,286 individuals were offered a carer’s assessment. 300 school as a result of their caring responsibilities and is 1.5 times more likely to have a special educational need or a disability. Young carers are 1.5 times more likely to be from • a BAME background and to speak The diagnosis of the patient English as a second language. was a factor associated with the development of depression among carers. Older carers supporting those with physical health conditions are at the highest risk of developing depression. However, it is important for clinicians to assess the mental health of all carers, regardless of the • Caring responsibilities have been found to have a significant impact on a young carer’s life, with an increased likelihood of disadvantage and health difficulties, as well as a lower likelihood of educational attainment. 305 patient diagnosis. 301 Young carers The term ‘carer’ can be problematic when applied to children and young people, and is not really appropriate for a five-year-old living with a parent who has mental or physical health problems • Research conducted in England between 2009 and 2010 shows that young carers (aged 16–18) are at an increased risk of not being in education, employment or training 306 which has been associated with mental health problems and social isolation in young people. 307 or addictions. It is used here to reflect • 38% of young carers report having a the studies drawn upon. mental health problem, yet only half • report receiving additional support The 2011 census data shows that from a member of staff at school. 308 there are 177,918 young unpaid carers (between the ages of 5 and 17) in England and Wales – an increase of almost 19% from 2001. Of these, just over half were female 50
2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a study conducted in England and However, women who experience • In a 2009 UK study, lifetime prevalence physical violence from a partner of domestic violence among women (without having suffered other abuse in with mental health problems was found their lives) are much more vulnerable to to range between 30% and 60%. 317 anxiety and depression if they are also Wales in 2015, women with experience • Levels of domestic violence account for between 15% and 25% of all recorded of domestic violence had high rates of depression, anxiety and PTSD. 318 violent crimes. 309 From 2013 to 2014, • The increasing severity of domestic it is estimated that 1.4 million women violence is related to poorer mental in England and Wales were victims of health. 319 domestic abuse in the last year. 310 • • Domestic violence is associated Over 59,000 incidents of domestic with depression, anxiety, PTSD and violence were reported in Scotland in substance abuse in the general 2013–14. 311 population. 320 • 13,000 domestic abuse crimes in • Exposure to domestic violence has Northern Ireland were recorded in a significant impact on children’s 2014–15. 312 mental health, with poorer educational • In the UK, a total of 7.1% of women and 4.4% of men reported having experienced any type of domestic outcomes and higher levels of mental health problems being found across the literature. 321 abuse in 2012–13; however, these • A <strong>2016</strong> report found that violence and figures only account for official reports abuse are associated with poverty: of violence. 313 This is equivalent to an people who are in poverty are more estimated 1.2 million female victims of likely to have suffered violence and domestic abuse and 700,000 male abuse than those who are not. This victims. 314 Therefore, an average of 5.7% is true for both women and men. of adults aged 16–59 in the UK have Among women in poverty, 38% have experienced intimate-partner violence experienced violence and abuse in the last year. compared with 27% of women not in • Domestic violence has an estimated poverty. 322 overall cost to mental healthcare of £176 million. 315 • The same report found that mental illness is more strongly linked with • The relationship between domestic violence and mental health is bidirectional, with research suggesting that women experiencing abuse are at a greater risk of mental health conditions and that having a mental health condition makes one more vulnerable to abuse. 316 violence and abuse than it is with poverty. Over half of women who are both in poverty and have experience of extensive violence and abuse meet the diagnostic threshold for a common mental disorder. This rate is three times higher than for women in poverty who have little or no experience of violence. dealing with poverty than if they are not. 323 51
Page 1 and 2: FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the 2016 edition of
Page 9 and 10: prevent mental health problems and
Page 11 and 12: Longitudinal study: This is when a
Page 13 and 14: 1. The extent of mental health prob
Page 15 and 16: Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 What are the main types of ment
Page 19 and 20: Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
Page 21 and 22: for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37 and 38: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 39 and 40: • Pre-existing dementia is one of
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72: 4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76: • In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78: Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80: • Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81 and 82: Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 83 and 84: 5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86: Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90: References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92: 72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
Page 93 and 94: 133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
Page 95 and 96: 188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98: 247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100: 307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102:
371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104:
421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106:
485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108:
538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112:
mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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