FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEALTH 2016

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2.1.4 Older adults We have included people aged 50 years and over within this section to take account of the range of research studies in this area. There is no clear definition within research as to what defines an ‘older adult’; therefore, age ranges in many studies vary widely. • An ageing population can have implications on individual, social and economic levels. Life expectancy at birth has seen a significant rise across the world. For instance, the estimated average life expectancy for 2010–15 was 78 years in developed countries, and this figure is expected to rise to 83 years by 2045–50. 179 Such an increase in longevity can put significant pressure on the world economy due to an increase in age-related illnesses and an increased need for healthcare and the associated healthcare costs. • In a 2015 report published by the United Nations, the number of people aged over 60 made up 12% of the global population, and is expected to almost double, reaching 22% by 2050. The global percentage of people aged 80 years or over was 1.7% and is projected to almost triple to 4.5% by 2050. 180 • In the UK, the proportion of the population that is composed of older adults is increasing. According to ONS (<strong>2016</strong>), there are more people in the UK aged 60 or over than there are under the age of 18. The proportion of older people aged 65 or over has grown by 21% in the last 10 years, now representing 17.8% of the total population. The number of people aged 85 or older has increased by 31%, now representing 2.3% of the total UK population. 181 2.1.4.1 Older adults and mental health Depression and anxiety In a 2010–11 UK survey measuring national wellbeing across people aged 16 and older, the average percentage of all respondents feeling anxious or depressed was 19%. Depression or anxiety was noted to be highest among those aged 50–59 and those of 80 years and older: 182 Age range 50–54 years 22% 55–59 years 21% 60–64 years 16% 65–69 years 14% 70–74 years 15% 75–79 years 17% 80 and over 20% % feeling anxious or depressed • A 2012 systematic review of depression in older adults found that between 4.6% and 9.3% of older adults experience major depression, and an average of 17.1% experience depressive disorders. 183 • An English health survey with older people in 2005 found that depression affected 22% of men and 28% of women aged 65 or over. 184 38
• Pre-existing dementia is one of the • The Royal College of General from. • People with learning disabilities, in • A study on the prevalence of mental particular those living with Down’s health problems in hospitalised syndrome, have a greater risk of older adults in England, conducted developing dementia. It has been in Nottingham, found that 27% of estimated that one in five people older adults aged 70 and over had with learning disabilities will develop delirium. 189 dementia, 195 and that a third of Practitioners reports that fewer than one in six older people with depression discuss their symptoms with their GP. Furthermore, only half receive suitable treatment. 185 most prominent risk factors for delirium in elderly patients, with a reported two thirds of all cases of delirium occurring in older people with pre-existing dementia. 190 • In 2008–09, 4% of adults accessing the Improving Access Dementia to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme were aged over 64. This increased to 6.6% of those aged 65 and older completing treatment in 2013–14; however, there is still much to be done to reach the 12% set out • In 2015, a report from Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI) estimated the number of people living with dementia worldwide to be 46.8 million, and predicted this number to double by 2030. 191 in ‘Talking Therapies: A four-year • ADI also reports that dementia plan of action’. 186 is primarily prevalent in older • It is estimated that up to 40% of older adults living in a care home experience depression, and it often remains undetected. 187 people, although 2–8% of all cases of dementia are estimated to be early-onset dementia (dementia diagnosed under the age of 65). In • Europe, the peak incidence is among It is estimated that up to 60% of those aged 80–89. older adults who have had a stroke may experience depression, as well as up to 40% of those with coronary heart disease, cancer, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease. 188 • In 2015, an estimated 850,000 people lived with dementia in the UK. Of these, 84% lived in England, 8% in Scotland, 5% in Wales and 2% in Northern Ireland. 193 Delirium Delirium is a condition that results in confused thinking and reduced awareness. The changes associated with delirium usually occur rapidly within hours or days and, if responded to quickly, delirium can be fully recovered • It has been estimated that the total cost of dementia in the UK is £26.3 billion, with an average cost of £32,250 per person. According to Alzheimer’s Society, this is enough to pay energy bills for a year for every household in the UK. 194 people with Down’s syndrome will develop dementia in their 50s. 196 39
Page 1 and 2: FUNDAMENTAL FACTS ABOUT MENTAL HEAL
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword5 Introduction to
Page 5 and 6: Foreword This year’s Fundamental
Page 7 and 8: Introduction to the 2016 edition of
Page 9 and 10: prevent mental health problems and
Page 11 and 12: Longitudinal study: This is when a
Page 13 and 14: 1. The extent of mental health prob
Page 15 and 16: Base: all adults Men Women % 10 9 8
Page 17 and 18: 1.2 What are the main types of ment
Page 19 and 20: Base: all adults Men Women % 1.2 1.
Page 21 and 22: for both men (10.0%) and women (9.5
Page 23 and 24: • The number of suicides in North
Page 25 and 26: • The highest rates of self-harm
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Challenging myths and stereotyp
Page 29 and 30: • In a 2011 report by the London
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2.1b: Mother and baby units
Page 33 and 34: How common are mental health proble
Page 35 and 36: -- 15% developed anti-social behavi
Page 37: • 64% of people with common menta
Page 41 and 42: • In the UK National Survey carri
Page 43 and 44: • In the absence of any official
Page 45 and 46: 2.2.3 Disability 2.2.3.1 Learning d
Page 47 and 48: • People with chronic obstructive
Page 49 and 50: -- Lesbians, bisexual females and q
Page 51 and 52: 2.2.6 Domestic violence • In a st
Page 53 and 54: • A 2012 UK study included 452
Page 55 and 56: • Individuals with probable alcoh
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 Poverty and disadvantage A grow
Page 59 and 60: Men Women % 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Inequality as a determinant of
Page 63 and 64: 4. Prevention, treatment and care T
Page 65 and 66: 4.1.1 Interventions during childhoo
Page 67 and 68: 4.2 How many people seek help and u
Page 69 and 70: • Using combined data from the
Page 71 and 72: 4.3 Extent of treatment and care Th
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Mental health legislation The M
Page 75 and 76: • In England, CBT was the most co
Page 77 and 78: Digital technologies • Technology
Page 79 and 80: • Online mindfulness has been fou
Page 81 and 82: Exercise Exercise has been proven t
Page 83 and 84: 5. The cost of mental health proble
Page 85 and 86: Spending on the mental health workf
Page 87 and 88: 5.3 Mental health research costs Ac
Page 89 and 90:
References 1. WHO. (2014). Social D
Page 91 and 92:
72. ONS. (2016). Suicides in the Un
Page 93 and 94:
133. Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., D
Page 95 and 96:
188. Age UK. (2016). Later life in
Page 97 and 98:
247. Public Health England. (2014).
Page 99 and 100:
307. Balmer, N.J., Pleasence, P., &
Page 101 and 102:
371. Gutman, L., Joshi, H., Parsona
Page 103 and 104:
421. Tchernegovski, P., Reupert, A.
Page 105 and 106:
485. Health and Social Care Informa
Page 107 and 108:
538. O’Neil, A., Quirk, S.E., Hou
Page 112:
mentalhealth.org.uk Good mental hea
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