Wojciech Goryl & Ádám Harmat: The Characteristics of the Biomass Sector in Poland and Hungary
Presently, a hot debate is taking place in Hungary and Poland about the use of biomass for electricity generation in existing coal power stations. The arguments are of technological, logistic and foremost of economic nature. The aim of this paper is to set two ways of biomass power generation against each other by analysing the biomass sectors of the two countries mentioned above.
Presently, a hot debate is taking place in Hungary and Poland about the use of biomass for electricity generation in existing coal power stations. The arguments are of technological, logistic and foremost of economic nature. The aim of this paper is to set two ways of biomass power generation against each other by analysing the biomass sectors of the two countries mentioned above.
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WOJCIECH GORYL<br />
MSc, Eng. Power Eng<strong>in</strong>eer, PhD Student<br />
AGH University <strong>of</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Energy <strong>and</strong> Fuels, Krakow<br />
<strong>The</strong> Krakow Institute for Susta<strong>in</strong>able Energy<br />
wgoryl@agh.edu.pl<br />
<br />
ÁDÁM HARMAT<br />
MSc, Geographer<br />
PhD Student at Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Sciences, Doctoral School <strong>of</strong><br />
Earth Science<br />
harmatadam@caesar.elte.hu<br />
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Characteristics</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Biomass</strong> <strong>Sector</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> <strong>and</strong> Hungary<br />
Abstract<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong> is a limited resource <strong>and</strong> should be used <strong>in</strong> a possibly optimal way. It is<br />
argued that for many countries <strong>in</strong> Europe, especially Hungary <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>, <strong>the</strong><br />
best use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g potential is to produce electricity <strong>and</strong> heat by small cogeneration<br />
plants <strong>and</strong>/or to secure space heat<strong>in</strong>g for build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> rural areas<br />
from <strong>the</strong> locally available biomass. Presently, a hot debate is tak<strong>in</strong>g place <strong>in</strong><br />
Hungary <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> about <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> biomass for power generation <strong>in</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />
coal power stations (co-fir<strong>in</strong>g biomass with coal). Many politicians <strong>and</strong> experts<br />
strongly oppose this way <strong>of</strong> meet<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> environmental goals <strong>of</strong> reduction <strong>of</strong> CO2<br />
emissions. <strong>The</strong> arguments are <strong>of</strong> technological, logistic <strong>and</strong> foremost <strong>of</strong> economic<br />
nature. In this contribution, many arguments aga<strong>in</strong>st <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> biomass for only<br />
power generation is presented. <strong>The</strong> aim <strong>of</strong> this paper is to set two ways <strong>of</strong> biomass<br />
power generation aga<strong>in</strong>st each o<strong>the</strong>r with analys<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> biomass sectors <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> two countries mentioned above.<br />
Key words<br />
<strong>Biomass</strong>; Cogeneration; Local use <strong>of</strong> biomass; Heat; Electricity
1. Introduction<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>Hungary<br />
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2. Situation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> renewable energy sectors <strong>of</strong> <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> & Hungary<br />
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(Figure 1)<br />
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European Union<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> <br />
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Figure 1 – <strong>The</strong> share <strong>of</strong> renewable energy sources (RES) <strong>of</strong> gross f<strong>in</strong>al energy consumption <strong>in</strong> Hungary (left) <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> (right)<br />
Source: EUROSTAT (2014a); Edited by BOKOR, L. (2014)
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
Hungary<br />
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3. Potentials <strong>and</strong> forecast<br />
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European Environment Agency <br />
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Energy Policy <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> until 2030 <br />
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Hungary<br />
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Hungarian Academy <strong>of</strong> Science <br />
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M<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong> Environment <strong>and</strong> Water
Eötvös Loránd UniversityDepartment <strong>of</strong><br />
Environmental <strong>and</strong> L<strong>and</strong>scape Geography <br />
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Hungary EEA <br />
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Hungarian Renewable Energy Action Plan <br />
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4. Unsusta<strong>in</strong>able use <strong>of</strong> biomass<br />
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Russia<br />
Soviet Union
Figure 2 – Actual use <strong>of</strong> biomass for energy purposes <strong>in</strong> <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
Source: GUS, 2013.<br />
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Figure 2<br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
Hungary<br />
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Warsaw <br />
Greenpeace <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>Turow Power Station<br />
Polish <strong>Biomass</strong><br />
Association<br />
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Forum <strong>of</strong> <strong>Biomass</strong> Combustion
AGH University <strong>of</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology Krakow<br />
Czestochowa University <strong>of</strong> TechnologySilesian University <strong>of</strong> Technology<br />
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Figure 3 – Hungary <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> places mentioned <strong>in</strong> this paper<br />
Edited by HARMAT, Á. (2014)<br />
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European Union<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>
European Union<br />
Hungary <br />
PécsBorsodi:<br />
Ajka[Figure 3]<br />
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4.1. Transportation <strong>of</strong> large volumes <strong>of</strong> biomass<br />
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et al.
AmericaSouth East Asia <br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> <br />
Ukra<strong>in</strong>e, Russia, Czech Republic, Slovakia<br />
Hungary<br />
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Italy, AustriaSlovakia <br />
Ukra<strong>in</strong>e Romania Slovakia <br />
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South East <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>
MoscowLisbon<br />
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Márkushegy <br />
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et al. <br />
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4.2. Technological problems on <strong>the</strong> generation side<br />
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et al. <br />
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et al.
et al.<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
Dolna Odra<br />
TurowFigure 4<br />
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Figure 4 – <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> places mentioned <strong>in</strong> this paper<br />
Edited by HARMAT, Á. (2014)
4.3. Cost <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> “green” electricity<br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
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Hungary<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>
Hungarian Energy Office<br />
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METÁR <br />
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5. Towards a more susta<strong>in</strong>able use <strong>of</strong> biomass for energy
5.1. Benefits <strong>of</strong> decentralised energy systems<br />
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Hungary
Russia<br />
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<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong>Hungary
5.2. <strong>Biomass</strong> heat<strong>in</strong>g boiler <strong>in</strong> a rural hold<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Wichow, <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong> <br />
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Wichow<br />
Western <strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
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MetalERG<br />
Ltd
Figure 5
Figure 5 – Emissions from different options (bottom – rescaled, without<br />
CO2)<br />
Edited by GORYL, W. – HARMAT, Á (2014)
AGH University <strong>of</strong><br />
Science <strong>and</strong> TechnologyKrakowMetalERG<br />
DBFZ Deutsches <strong>Biomass</strong>eforschungszentrum geme<strong>in</strong>nützige<br />
GmbGermanyKIC InnoEnergy Programme<br />
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5.3. <strong>Biomass</strong> based village heat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Pornóapáti, Hungary<br />
Pornóapáti (Figure 3)
Bilde<strong>in</strong> <br />
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Hungary–Austria Phare CBC Programme<br />
Austrian Environmental Fund West Transdanubian Regional<br />
Development AgencyM<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong> Interior Affairs
Pornóapáti Hungary
6. Conclusion<br />
<strong>Pol<strong>and</strong></strong><br />
Hungary <br />
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Acknowledgments<br />
<strong>Wojciech</strong> <strong>Goryl</strong> Sub-measure 8.2.2 Regional Innovation<br />
StrategiesMeasure 8.2 Transfer <strong>of</strong> knowledgePriority VIII Regional<br />
human resources for <strong>the</strong> economy Human Capital Operational ProgrammeEuropean<br />
Social FundPolish state budget.<br />
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