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EveryBody's Guide to the Law

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having written articles that have been published in professional journals or major trade publications<br />

or o<strong>the</strong>r media; having played a leading role for organizations or establishments that<br />

have a distinguished reputation; or having had commercial success in <strong>the</strong> performing arts.<br />

In short, <strong>the</strong> alien must essentially be a household name in at least one country o<strong>the</strong>r than<br />

<strong>the</strong>ir home country because of his or her accomplishments. Examples of priority workers<br />

include brilliant scientists, acclaimed performing artists, economists, stellar athletes, bestselling<br />

authors, star ac<strong>to</strong>rs, well-known film direc<strong>to</strong>rs, and <strong>to</strong>p physicists.<br />

Although an alien of extraordinary ability does not need <strong>to</strong> have an employment offer in<br />

<strong>the</strong> United States <strong>to</strong> be admitted, he must demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that<br />

he is coming <strong>to</strong> America <strong>to</strong> continue work in his or her particular field of expertise.<br />

Outstanding Professors and Researchers Outstanding alien professors and researchers may petition<br />

for a green card without having <strong>to</strong> obtain a labor certification from <strong>the</strong> Department of Labor.<br />

An “outstanding” professor or researcher is one who (1) is internationally recognized as outstanding<br />

in a specific academic area; (2) has at least three years of teaching or research experience<br />

in <strong>the</strong> field; and (3) seeks <strong>to</strong> enter <strong>the</strong> United States for a tenured position (or tenure-track<br />

position) with a university or institution of higher learning <strong>to</strong> teach or conduct research.<br />

Alternatively, an outstanding researcher who has achieved documented accomplishments<br />

in his or her academic field will be permitted <strong>to</strong> immigrate <strong>to</strong> America for a comparable position<br />

<strong>to</strong> those listed above with a private employer, if <strong>the</strong> private employer has at least three<br />

persons engaged in full-time research activities.<br />

Some of <strong>the</strong> criteria that are looked at include whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> alien has written scholarly books<br />

or articles in international journals or has participated as a judge, ei<strong>the</strong>r individually or on a<br />

panel, of o<strong>the</strong>rs in <strong>the</strong> same or a related academic field. The alien must have at least three years<br />

of experience in teaching or research and have a job offer from an American university or research<br />

institute for a tenured teaching or permanent research position. Without <strong>the</strong> requisite job offer<br />

waiting for <strong>the</strong> alien, he or she will be denied entry in<strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> United States as an immigrant.<br />

Executives and Managers of Multinational Corporations Executives and managers of multinational<br />

corporations are also eligible for immigrant status without having <strong>to</strong> obtain authorization<br />

<strong>to</strong> work from <strong>the</strong> Department of Labor. A “multinational corporation” includes<br />

corporations with branches, affiliates, or subsidiaries located in two or more countries, but are<br />

owned by <strong>the</strong> same individual or corporation.<br />

An “executive” is an employee who directs management of <strong>the</strong> corporation or a major component<br />

of it, has broad discretion in decision making, and is under only general supervision by<br />

higher-level executives or a board of direc<strong>to</strong>rs. A “manager” of a multinational corporation<br />

must manage a department, subdivision, or component of <strong>the</strong> corporation, and supervise and<br />

control <strong>the</strong> daily work of o<strong>the</strong>r supervisory, managerial, or professional employees. The manager<br />

must also have <strong>the</strong> authority <strong>to</strong> hire and fire or promote personnel he or she supervises.<br />

A threshold requirement <strong>to</strong> qualify as an executive or manager for purposes of immigration<br />

is that <strong>the</strong> alien must have been employed as an executive or manager by <strong>the</strong> multinational<br />

Visas, Immigration, and Naturalization 507

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