Oracle Spatial User's Guide and Reference - InfoLab

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viii 6.7 Notes and Restrictions with Coordinate Systems Support ........................................... 6-20 6.7.1 Different Coordinate Systems for Geometries with Operators and Functions ... 6-20 6.7.2 Functions Not Supported with Geodetic Data......................................................... 6-21 6.7.3 Functions Supported by Approximations with Geodetic Data............................. 6-21 6.8 Example of Coordinate System Transformation............................................................. 6-21 7 Linear Referencing System 7.1 Terms and Concepts.............................................................................................................. 7-2 7.1.1 Geometric Segments (LRS Segments) ......................................................................... 7-2 7.1.2 Shape Points .................................................................................................................... 7-3 7.1.3 Direction of a Geometric Segment ............................................................................... 7-3 7.1.4 Measure (Linear Measure) ............................................................................................ 7-4 7.1.5 Offset ................................................................................................................................ 7-4 7.1.6 Measure Populating....................................................................................................... 7-5 7.1.7 Measure Range of a Geometric Segment .................................................................... 7-7 7.1.8 Projection ......................................................................................................................... 7-7 7.1.9 LRS Point ......................................................................................................................... 7-7 7.1.10 Linear Features ............................................................................................................... 7-7 7.2 LRS Data Model..................................................................................................................... 7-8 7.3 Indexing of LRS Data ............................................................................................................ 7-9 7.4 3D Formats of LRS Functions ............................................................................................ 7-10 7.5 LRS Operations .................................................................................................................... 7-11 7.5.1 Defining a Geometric Segment .................................................................................. 7-11 7.5.2 Redefining a Geometric Segment............................................................................... 7-12 7.5.3 Clipping a Geometric Segment .................................................................................. 7-12 7.5.4 Splitting a Geometric Segment................................................................................... 7-13 7.5.5 Concatenating Geometric Segments.......................................................................... 7-13 7.5.6 Scaling a Geometric Segment .................................................................................... 7-15 7.5.7 Offsetting a Geometric Segment ................................................................................ 7-16 7.5.8 Locating a Point on a Geometric Segment................................................................ 7-17 7.5.9 Projecting a Point onto a Geometric Segment.......................................................... 7-18 7.5.10 Converting LRS Geometries ....................................................................................... 7-19 7.6 Tolerance Values with LRS Functions.............................................................................. 7-20 7.7 Example of LRS Functions ................................................................................................. 7-21
8 Spatial Analysis and Mining 8.1 Spatial Information and Data Mining Applications......................................................... 8-1 8.2 Spatial Binning for Detection of Regional Patterns.......................................................... 8-4 8.3 Materializing Spatial Correlation........................................................................................ 8-5 8.4 Colocation Mining................................................................................................................. 8-5 8.5 Spatial Clustering .................................................................................................................. 8-6 8.6 Location Prospecting ............................................................................................................ 8-6 9 Extending Spatial Indexing Capabilities 9.1 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in User-Defined Type Definitions....................................... 9-1 9.2 SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in Function-Based Indexes ................................................... 9-3 9.2.1 Example: Function with Standard Types ................................................................... 9-4 9.2.2 Example: Function with a User-Defined Object Type .............................................. 9-6 Part II Reference Information 10 SQL Statements for Indexing Spatial Data ALTER INDEX..................................................................................................................... 10-2 ALTER INDEX REBUILD .................................................................................................. 10-6 ALTER INDEX RENAME TO ........................................................................................... 10-9 CREATE INDEX ................................................................................................................ 10-10 DROP INDEX..................................................................................................................... 10-15 11 SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type Methods GET_DIMS............................................................................................................................ 11-2 GET_GTYPE......................................................................................................................... 11-3 GET_LRS_DIM .................................................................................................................... 11-4 12 Spatial Operators SDO_ANYINTERACT........................................................................................................ 12-3 SDO_CONTAINS................................................................................................................ 12-5 SDO_COVEREDBY............................................................................................................. 12-7 ix
Page 1 and 2: Oracle® Spatial User’s Guide and
Page 3 and 4: List of of Tables Examples Figures
Page 5 and 6: 1.9 Spatial Operators, Procedures,
Page 7: 5.1.1 Address Representation ......
Page 11 and 12: SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR ..................
Page 13 and 14: SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT.........
Page 15 and 16: C.2 SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE Examples...
Page 17 and 18: List of Figures 1-1 Geometric Types
Page 19: List of Tables 2-1 Valid SDO_GTYPE
Page 22 and 23: xxii
Page 24 and 25: Audience xxiv ■ Audience ■ Docu
Page 26 and 27: xxvi Chapter 8, "Spatial Analysis a
Page 28 and 29: Related Documentation Conventions x
Page 30 and 31: xxx
Page 32 and 33: Spatial Analysis and Mining Geocodi
Page 34 and 35: SDO_NN Operator Behavior Changes xx
Page 36 and 37: xxxvi Information about these subpr
Page 38 and 39: New Schema: MDDATA xxxviii The new
Page 41 and 42: 1 Spatial Concepts Oracle Spatial i
Page 43 and 44: The benefits provided by the object
Page 45 and 46: 1.5 Data Model Data Model Self-cros
Page 47 and 48: Data Model Any spatial data has a c
Page 49 and 50: Data Model If a function accepts an
Page 51 and 52: Query Model the primary filter comp
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1-3 MBR Enclosing a Geometry
Page 55 and 56: Spatial Relationships and Filtering
Page 57 and 58: Figure 1-6 Topological Relationship
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Spatial Aggregate Functions ■ Wit
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1.12 Geocoding ■ Topology data mo
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1.16 Spatial Application Hardware R
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2 Spatial Data Types and Metadata O
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Simple Example: Inserting, Indexing
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'cola_markets', 'shape', SDO_DIM_AR
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2.2.1 SDO_GTYPE SDO_GEOMETRY Object
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2.2.3 SDO_POINT 2.2.4 SDO_ELEM_INFO
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SDO_GEOMETRY Object Type The elemen
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1003 or 2003 1003 or 2003 2.2.5 SDO
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Figure 2-2 Rectangle Geometry Examp
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Geometry Examples 19 indicates that
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Geometry Examples ■ SDO_GTYPE = 2
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2.3.5 Point Geometry Examples The s
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2.3.6 Type 0 (Zero) Element 'point_
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Geometry Metadata Views ■ The non
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2.4.3 DIMINFO Geometry Metadata Vie
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Table 2-3 Columns in the xxx_SDO_IN
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Table 2-4 (Cont.) Columns in the xx
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Unit of Measurement Support geometr
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3.1 Bulk Loading 3 Loading Spatial
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Bulk Loading Assume that the ASCII
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Transactional Insert Operations Usi
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4 Indexing and Querying Spatial Dat
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Creating a Spatial Index ■ The tr
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4.1.5 Creating a Cross-Schema Index
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PARAMETERS (', ') [, PARTITION PAR
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4.2 Querying Spatial Data 4.2.1 Spa
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Querying Spatial Data In Figure 4-2
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Querying Spatial Data ■ geometry2
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Querying Spatial Data evaluated aga
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Querying Spatial Data The following
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5 Geocoding Address Data Geocoding
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5.1.2 Match Modes Concepts for Geoc
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Table 5-3 (Cont.) Match Codes for G
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Table 5-5 (Cont.) SDO_GEO_ADDR Type
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Using the Geocoding Capabilities SD
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6 Coordinate Systems (Spatial Refer
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6.1.8 Transformation Geodetic Coord
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2003, 8307, -- SRID for WGS 84 long
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Local Coordinate Support data. For
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The MDSYS.CS_SRS table contains the
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::= ::= UNIT [ "", ] ::= LOCAL_
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Table 6-3 MDSYS.SDO_DATUMS Table Co
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6.4.4 MDSYS.SDO_ELLIPSOIDS Table Co
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6.5 Creating a User-Defined Coordin
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Creating a User-Defined Coordinate
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6.7.2 Functions Not Supported with
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Example of Coordinate System Transf
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7 Linear Referencing System Linear
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Start Point (5, 10, 0) 7.1.2 Shape
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7.1.6 Measure Populating Terms and
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7.1.7 Measure Range of a Geometric
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Figure 7-7 Creating a Geometric Seg
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7.5 LRS Operations LRS Operations T
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Figure 7-10 Clipping, Splitting, an
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Figure 7-12 Segment Direction with
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Figure 7-14 Offsetting a Geometric
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Figure 7-17 Multiple Projection Poi
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Example of LRS Functions tolerance
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Table 7-1 (Cont.) Highway Features
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-- in the geometry. SDO_LRS.DEFINE_
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BEGIN Example of LRS Functions SELE
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SQL> -- Are result_geom_1 and resul
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4 AND a.route_id = 1; Example of LR
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Example of LRS Functions SDO_LRS.VA
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8 Spatial Analysis and Mining This
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Figure 8-1 Spatial Mining and Oracl
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Colocation Mining The following fun
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9 Extending Spatial Indexing Capabi
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SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('X', 0, 20, 0.005),
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SDO_GEOMETRY Objects in Function-Ba
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(location long_lat, name varchar2(3
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This document has three parts: Part
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ALTER INDEX ALTER INDEX Purpose Syn
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ALTER INDEX Usage Notes Examples
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ALTER INDEX REBUILD ALTER INDEX REB
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ALTER INDEX REBUILD Usage Notes Exa
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CREATE INDEX CREATE INDEX Syntax Pu
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CREATE INDEX Prerequisites Usage No
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CREATE INDEX Examples Related Topic
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DROP INDEX 10-16 Oracle Spatial Use
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GET_DIMS GET_DIMS Format Descriptio
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GET_LRS_DIM GET_LRS_DIM Format Desc
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Table 12-2 Convenience Operators fo
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SDO_ANYINTERACT Examples The follow
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SDO_CONTAINS Examples The following
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SDO_COVEREDBY Examples The followin
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SDO_COVERS Examples The following e
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SDO_EQUAL Examples The following ex
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SDO_FILTER Examples geometry2 can c
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SDO_FILTER Related Topics ■ SDO_R
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SDO_INSIDE Examples The following e
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SDO_JOIN Returns Usage Notes SDO_JO
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SDO_JOIN Related Topics WHERE c.row
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SDO_NN Returns Usage Notes Table 12
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SDO_NN If this operator is used wit
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SDO_NN Related Topics ■ SDO_NN_DI
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SDO_NN_DISTANCE Examples Related To
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SDO_ON example uses the definitions
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SDO_OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT Examples The
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SDO_OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT Examples Th
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SDO_OVERLAPS Examples The following
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SDO_RELATE Returns Usage Notes The
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SDO_RELATE ---------- -------------
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SDO_TOUCH SDO_TOUCH Format Descript
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SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE SDO_WITHIN_DIST
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SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE Related Topics
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Table 13-1 (Cont.) Geometry Subprog
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SDO_GEOM.RELATE SDO_GEOM.RELATE For
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SDO_GEOM.RELATE Examples ■ EQUAL:
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY SDO_GEOM.S
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY Examples R
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_AREA Usage Notes Examp
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER Usage Notes geo
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER Related Topics
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_CENTROID Usage Notes E
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_CONVEXHULL Examples Re
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE Usage Notes
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE SDO_GEOM.SDO_
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION SDO_GEOM.
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION Related T
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_LENGTH Usage Notes Exa
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE Usage
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR Related Topics --
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE Usage
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE Example
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION Usage Notes Exam
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR F
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SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR Related Topics ---
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SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY Usage No
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SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CON
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SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER SDO_GEOM.VA
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SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER Examples Re
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SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEX
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SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE SDO_GEOM.W
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SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE Examples R
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SDO_AGGR_CENTROID SDO_AGGR_CENTROID
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SDO_AGGR_CONCAT_LINES SDO_AGGR_CONC
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SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL SDO_AGGR_CONVEX
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SDO_AGGR_LRS_CONCAT because the fir
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SDO_AGGR_MBR Examples The following
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SDO_AGGR_UNION See also the more co
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SDO_CS.TRANSFORM SDO_CS.TRANSFORM F
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SDO_CS.TRANSFORM SDO_CS.TRANSFORM(C
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SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER Examples ■
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SDO_CS.VALIDATE_WKT SDO_CS.VALIDATE
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SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM Examples
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SDO_CS.VIEWPORT_TRANSFORM 15-12 Ora
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Table 16-1 (Cont.) Subprograms for
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Page 366 and 367:
SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT SDO_LRS.C
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SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS S
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SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS S
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SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS Usa
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY De
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM WHERE m
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER Parame
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY SD
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER SDO_LR
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SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT dim_arr
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SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT Usage Notes
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SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE SDO_LRS.FIND_M
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SDO_LRS.FIND_OFFSET SDO_LRS.FIND_OF
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SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE SD
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SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE
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SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT SDO_L
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SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE SDO_LRS.GET_MEA
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SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT SDO_LRS.G
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SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE S
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SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE -
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SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT Parameter
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SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE S
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SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE -
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SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED FRO
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SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING SELEC
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SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_INCREASING SELEC
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SDO_LRS.IS_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE Example
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SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT Usage Notes Examp
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SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE SDO_LRS.MEASU
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SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE SDO_L
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SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT SDO_LRS
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SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT Example
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SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE Usage
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SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT Parameters Usage
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SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT SDO_L
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SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT dim_a
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SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE DECLARE geom_
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SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY Examples A
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SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE Examples Th
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SDO_LRS.SCALE_GEOM_SEGMENT Usage No
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SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE SDO_LRS.SET_
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SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE Examples The
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SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT Usage No
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SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE SDO_LRS.T
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SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT SDO_LRS.
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SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT SDO_LRS.VALID_
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SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE SDO_LRS.VALID
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SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY SDO_L
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SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY 16-11
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SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT SDO_MIGRATE.
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SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT Usage Notes
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SDO_TUNE.AVERAGE_MBR SDO_TUNE.AVERA
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SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_RTREE_INDEX_SIZE
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SDO_TUNE.ESTIMATE_RTREE_INDEX_SIZE
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SDO_TUNE.EXTENT_OF Related Topics S
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SDO_TUNE.MIX_INFO Usage Notes Examp
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SDO_TUNE.QUALITY_DEGRADATION Exampl
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Table 19-1 (Cont.) Spatial Utility
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SDO_UTIL.APPEND Examples Related To
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SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON Usage Notes
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SDO_UTIL.CONCAT_LINES Examples Rela
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SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT Examples Rela
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SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON Usage Note
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SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT Usage Notes Exampl
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SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM SDO_UTIL.GETNUM
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SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES SDO_UTIL.GETVE
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SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS
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SDO_UTIL.POINT_AT_BEARING Examples
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SDO_UTIL.POLYGONTOLINE Related Topi
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SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS Related To
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SDO_UTIL.REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VERTICES
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SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING Related
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SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY Examples For exam
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SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY Related Topics Fi
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SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY Examples An
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SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY SDO_UTIL.TO
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SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY AS theXMLEl
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SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY 19-42 Oracl
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SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE F
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SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_ALL SDO_GCDR.GEOCO
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SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_AS_GEOMETRY SDO_GC
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SDO_GCDR.GEOCODE_AS_GEOMETRY 20-8 O
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SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY Usa
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SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_LAYER Usage
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SDO_SAM.BIN_GEOMETRY SDO_SAM.BIN_GE
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SDO_SAM.BIN_LAYER SDO_SAM.BIN_LAYER
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SDO_SAM.COLOCATED_REFERENCE_FEATURE
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SDO_SAM.COLOCATED_REFERENCE_FEATURE
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SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_GEOMETRY Usage Not
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SDO_SAM.SIMPLIFY_LAYER Usage Notes
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SDO_SAM.SPATIAL_CLUSTERS Usage Note
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SDO_SAM.TILED_AGGREGATES Usage Note
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SDO_SAM.TILED_BINS SDO_SAM.TILED_BI
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SDO_SAM.TILED_BINS 21-26 Oracle Spa
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A Installation, Compatibility, and
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B Oracle Locator Oracle Locator (al
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Table B-2 lists Spatial features th
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C Complex Spatial Queries: Examples
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C.3 SDO_NN Examples SDO_NN Examples
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SDO_NN Examples The statement in Ex
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area An extent or region of dimensi
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disjoint A geometric relationship w
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inside A geometric relationship whe
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proximity A measure of distance bet
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spatiotemporal data Data that conta
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Numerics 0 SRID value used with SDO
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CREATE INDEX statement, 10-10 creat
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eference information, 13-1 geometry
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SDO_NN_DISTANCE operator, 12-29 nei
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function, 14-7 SDO_AGGR_MBR aggrega
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GETNUMVERTICES, 19-17 GETVERTICES,
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W well-known text (WKT), 6-9 valida
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