1st_Semester_Notebook

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The Learning Goal for this assignment is: The students will learn what makes up atoms and how are atoms of one element different from atoms of another element. Notes Section Atoms are the basic of the universe and matter is composed of atoms. The number of protons determined what kind of element the atom is The nuetrons determine if the atom is an isotope The electrons tell you if the atom is an ion or not. The atomic number of an element (proton number), tells you the number protons or positive particles in an atom. Electrovalence- something that has given up or taken electrons and becomes an ion. Valence is a measure of how much an atom wanta to bond with other atoms. 2 types of Bonds: Covalent and electrovalent. Ionic bonds are electrovalent bonds (groups of charged Ions held together by electric forces). Isotopes are an atom is missing a nuetron or has an extra nuetron. Electron "-" Protons "+" Nuetral "0" Ion more "+" than "-" electrons in an atoms Protons and nuetrons are found in the center of the atom(nucleus), hence the fact that they make up the atom, and the electrons are found in the layers called shells or orbitals. http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/basics_interactive.html 28
Atoms Are Building Blocks Atoms are the basis of chemistry. They are the basis for everything in the Universe. You should start by remembering that matter is composed of atoms. Atoms and the study of atoms are a world unto themselves. We're going to cover basics like atomic structure and bonding between atoms. Smaller Than Atoms? Are there pieces of matter that are smaller than atoms? Sure there are. You'll soon be learning that atoms are composed of pieces like electrons, protons, and neutrons. But guess what? There are even smaller particles moving around in atoms. These super-small particles can be found inside the protons and neutrons. Scientists have many names for those pieces, but you may have heard of nucleons and quarks. Nuclear chemists and physicists work together at particle accelerators to discover the presence of these tiny, tiny, tiny pieces of matter. Even though super-tiny atomic particles exist, you only need to remember the three basic parts of an atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons. What are electrons, protons, and neutrons? A picture works best to show off the idea. You have a basic atom. There are three types of pieces in that atom: electrons, protons, and neutrons. That's all you have to remember. Three things! As you know, there are almost 120 known elements in the periodic table. Chemists and physicists haven't stopped there. They are trying to make new ones in labs every day. The thing that makes each of those elements different is the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are always in the center of the atom. Scientists call the center region of the atom the nucleus. The nucleus in a cell is a thing. The nucleus in an atom is a place where you find protons and neutrons. The electrons are always found whizzing around the center in areas called shells or orbitals. You can also see that each piece has either a "+", "-", or a "0." That symbol refers to the charge of the particle. Have you ever heard about getting a shock from a socket, static electricity, or lightning? Those are all different types of electric charges. Those charges are also found in tiny particles of matter. The electron always has a "-", or negative, charge. The proton always has a "+", or positive, charge. If the charge of an entire atom is "0", or neutral, there are equal numbers of positive and negative pieces. Neutral means there are equal numbers of electrons and protons. The third particle is the neutron. It has a neutral charge, also known as a charge of zero. All atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons so that they are neutral. If there are more positive protons or negative electrons in an atom, you have a special atom called an ion. 29
Page 2 and 3: Honors Chemistry Class Policies and
Page 4 and 5: Unit 1 (22 days) Chapter 1 Introduc
Page 6 and 7: Lorenzo Walker Technical High Schoo
Page 8 and 9: MUSTANG LABORATORIES COMMITMENT TO
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1 Unit 1 Introduction to Ch
Page 12 and 13: cm x cm x cm = cm3 l*w*h V kelvin i
Page 14 and 15: 2. One cereal bar has a mass of 37
Page 16 and 17: 14 15 1. How many meters are in one
Page 18 and 19: The Learning Goal for this assignme
Page 20 and 21: 18 RULE #3: To add/subtract in scie
Page 24 and 25: Rule 3: A final zero or trailing ze
Page 26 and 27: 24 For addition and subtraction, lo
Page 28 and 29: Dimensional Analysis This is a way
Page 32 and 33: Looking at Ions We haven’t talked
Page 34 and 35: Neutron Madness We have already lea
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Page 40 and 41: In the space below, write the unabb
Page 42 and 43: 40 Create groups for these Scientis
Page 44 and 45: The Learning Goal for this Assignme
Page 46 and 47: Define Atomic Size: Atomic Size The
Page 48 and 49: Define Electronegativity: Electrone
Page 50 and 51: Unit 3 Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry
Page 52 and 53: 52 Salvador Gaspar Name ___________
Page 54 and 55: Learning Goal for this section: Exp
Page 56 and 57: Beta Particle Decay Beta decay is a
Page 60 and 61: Ion Charge? What is the charge on f
Page 64 and 65: C 2 H 6 O Ethanol CH 3 CH 2 O Step
Page 66 and 67: Linear Molecular Geometry Orbital E
Page 68 and 69: Bent Molecular Geometry Orbital Equ
Page 70 and 71: Trigonal Pyramidal Molecular Geomet
Page 72 and 73: Trigonal Bipyramidal Molecular Geom
Page 74 and 75: Octahedral Molecular Geometry Orbit
Page 76 and 77: Orbitals Equation Lone Pairs Angle
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 9 Unit 4 Chemical Names and
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