1st_Semester_Notebook

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LG: The student will learn how Hydrocarbons are named and the
general properties of Hydrocarbons.
A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical
properties who share the same general formula.
Alkanes- names end in -ane; are saturated; General formula- C n H 2n+2 ; all
contain only single bonds. Naming rules: longest unbranched chain
containing functional group with a number, and names the branches as well
as indicate the number
Alkenes- names end in -ene; are unsaturated; General Formula- C n H2 n ;
contain a carbon to carbon double bond. Naming rules: Same as Alkenes, but
the position of the carbon must be identified.
Cycloalkanes- names end in -ane and begin with cyclo-; General Formula
C n H 2n ; are saturated and contain only one bond.
All hydrocarbons can undergo combustion reactions with oxygen
to give the same product.
Also hydrocarbons burn when they react with oxygen in the air.
Combustion equation
Hydrogen+Oxygen -) Carbon dioxide+Water
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes and cycloalkanes becuase
they have double bond.
Addition Reactions: double bonds breaks when the reaction molecule
attacks and adds on across it. Only Alkenes can participate
in addition reactions.
Bromine water can be used as a test for unsaturation.
The addition of bromine to an alkene is called bromination.
The addition of hydrogen to an alkene is called hydrogenation.
The addition of water to an alkene is called hydration.
ISOMERS- Compouds with the same molecular formula but diff.
chemical structure. Same number of type of atom, but may have
diff. physical and chemical property.
Molecular Formula- C4H10
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