The baiting of wild animals in Russia
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A<br />
exposé <strong>of</strong> hunt<strong>in</strong>g dog tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g stations<br />
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(74) Born Free Foundation, <strong>The</strong> EU Zoo Inquiry 2011, An evaluation <strong>of</strong> the implementation<br />
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(75) For example, see:<br />
Kitchener, A.C. & Asa, C.S., Editorial: Bears and Canids, International Zoo Yearbook,<br />
2010, 44:7 – 15;<br />
Partridge, J. 1992. Management Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Bears and Raccoons- <strong>The</strong> Association<br />
<strong>of</strong> British Wild Animal Keepers; Meyerson, R. 2007. Standardized Animal Care<br />
Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus)- Website Ref - W323 - American Zoo and<br />
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(76) WAZA Code <strong>of</strong> Ethics and Animal Welfare (adopted November 2003, San José,<br />
Costa Rica) accessed at http://www.waza.org/files/webcontent/1.public_site/5.<br />
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(77) Council <strong>of</strong> Europe Convention for the Protection <strong>of</strong> Pet Animals CETS No. 125,<br />
Strasbourg, 1987.<br />
(78) “Resolution on the keep<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>wild</strong> <strong>animals</strong> as pets.,” <strong>in</strong> Council <strong>of</strong> Europe, Strasbourg,<br />
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(79) Wildpro, Brown Bear Urus Arctos Natural Diet Literature Reports accessed at<br />
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(80) Alertis, Large Bear Enclosures: Handbook and Stories <strong>of</strong> Bears, accessed at http://<br />
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(81) Huber, D., Why not to Re-<strong>in</strong>troduce «Rehabilitated» Brown Bears to the Wild? From<br />
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<strong>of</strong> Welfare? Zoologischer Garten Koln. Ed. Kolter, L., and van Dijk, J., 2005.<br />
(82) As above.<br />
(83) Alertis, Large Bear Enclosures: Handbook and Stories <strong>of</strong> Bears, accessed at http://<br />
www.pierre-demeure.com/downloads/LBE.pdf on 11 September 2013.<br />
(84) As above.<br />
(85) Vickery, S.S., and Mason, G.J., Behavioral persistence <strong>in</strong> captive bears: implications<br />
for re<strong>in</strong>troduction, Ursus 14(1):35-43(2003).<br />
(86) Broom, D.M. Welfare Assessment and Relevant Ethical Decisions: Key Concepts,<br />
ARBS Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Biomedical Sciences, 2008; 10:T79-T90.<br />
(87) As above.<br />
(88) See for example, Partridge, J. 1992. Management Guidel<strong>in</strong>es for Bears and Raccoons-<br />
<strong>The</strong> Association <strong>of</strong> British Wild Animal Keepers; Kolter, L. 2005. Rehabilitation<br />
and Release <strong>of</strong> Bears: For the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Conservation or the Conservation <strong>of</strong> Welfare?,<br />
Zoologische Garten Koln, Koln, Germany.<br />
(89) Gil<strong>in</strong>, C. M.; Chest<strong>in</strong>, I.; Semchenkov, P.; Claar, J., Management <strong>of</strong> Bear Human<br />
Conflicts Us<strong>in</strong>g Laika Dogs, Int Conf. Bear. Res. And Manage. 9(2):133-137, 1997.<br />
(90) As above.<br />
(91) McAlister, E. and Jones, D., Bear Parks <strong>in</strong> Japan, Report on a visit by Ed McAlister<br />
and David Jones, August 14 – 20, 2005, published by WAZA and WSPA.<br />
(92) As above.<br />
(93) Huber, D., Why not to Re-<strong>in</strong>troduce «Rehabilitated» Brown Bears to the Wild? From<br />
Rehabilitation and Release <strong>of</strong> Bears: For the Welfare <strong>of</strong> Conservation or for the Conservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Welfare? Zoologischer Garten Koln. Ed. Kolter, L., and van Dijk, J., 2005.<br />
(94) Broom, D.M. Welfare Assessment and Relevant Ethical Decisions: Key Concepts,<br />
ARBS Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Biomedical Sciences, 2008; 10:T79-T90.<br />
(95) Broom, D.M. Broom, D.M. Welfare Assessment and Relevant Ethical Decisions: Key<br />
Concepts, ARBS Annual Review <strong>of</strong> Biomedical Sciences, 2008; 10:T79-T90.<br />
(96) Kitchener C Andrew, Cheryl S.ASA Editorial: Bears and Canids International Zoo<br />
Yearbook Int. Zoo Yb. (2010) 44: 7-15 <strong>The</strong> Zoological Society <strong>of</strong> London.<br />
(97) Kitchener, A.C. 2004: <strong>The</strong> problems <strong>of</strong> old bears <strong>in</strong> zoos. International Zoo News<br />
51: 282-293.<br />
(98) Ranz, A., Tikhonov, A., Conroy, J., Cavall<strong>in</strong>i, P., Herrero, J., Stubbe, M., Maran, T.,<br />
Fernandes, M., Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. 2008. Meles meles. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN<br />
Red List <strong>of</strong> Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded<br />
on 11 September 2013.<br />
(99) Bovey, K., Lawlis, P., DeLay, J. and Widowski, T., An Exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong>to the Innervation<br />
and Condition <strong>of</strong> Mature Boar Tusks at Slaughter, University <strong>of</strong> Guelph, Factsheet,<br />
accessible at http://www.uoguelph.ca/csaw/doc/TuskTrimm<strong>in</strong>gFactSheet.pdf<br />
(100) http://dogexpert.ru/forums/topic/6384/page-3<br />
(101) Broom, D.M., Animal Welfare: An Aspect <strong>of</strong> Care, Susta<strong>in</strong>ability, and Food Quality<br />
Required by the Public, JVME 37(1), 2010.<br />
(102) OIE, Terrestrial animal health code, Chapter 7.1, Article 7.12. Available onl<strong>in</strong>e at<br />
http://www.oie.<strong>in</strong>t/<strong>in</strong>dex.php?id=169&L=0&htmfile=chapitre_1.7.1.htm<br />
(103) For example, the Lisbon Treaty <strong>of</strong> the EU states: “In formulat<strong>in</strong>g and implement<strong>in</strong>g<br />
the Union’s agriculture, fisheries, transport, <strong>in</strong>ternal market, research and technological<br />
development and space policies, the Union and the Member States shall, s<strong>in</strong>ce<br />
<strong>animals</strong> are sentient be<strong>in</strong>gs, pay full regard to the welfare requirements <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, while<br />
respect<strong>in</strong>g the legislative or adm<strong>in</strong>istrative provisions and customs <strong>of</strong> the Member States<br />
relat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> particular to religious rites, cultural traditions and regional heritage.” Consolidated<br />
versions <strong>of</strong> the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the function<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the<br />
European Union.-Official Journal <strong>of</strong> the European Union C 115, 09.05.2008.<br />
(104) <strong>The</strong> Universal Declaration for Animal Welfare is a project <strong>of</strong> the World Society for<br />
the Protection <strong>of</strong> Animals and other lead<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>ternational animal protection organisations.<br />
For further <strong>in</strong>formation see: http://www.wspa.org.uk/wspaswork/udaw/<br />
(105) Text <strong>of</strong> the UDAW is available from the World Society for the Protection <strong>of</strong> Animals.<br />
(106) Various authors, Animals and <strong>The</strong>ir Legal Rights: A Survey <strong>of</strong> American Laws from<br />
1641 – 1990, Animal Welfare Institute, 1990.<br />
(107) McKenna, C. and Morrissey, C., Countdown to the Ban, Campaign<strong>in</strong>g to Protect<br />
Hunted Animals, 2001.<br />
(108) Broom (D.M.), « Animal Welfare: An Aspect <strong>of</strong> Care, Susta<strong>in</strong>ability, and Food<br />
Quality Required by the Public », JVME 37(1), 2010.<br />
(109) Animal Mosaic, Global Legislation Hub, http://www.animalmosaic.org/legislation/global-legislation/default.aspx?page=0&cont<strong>in</strong>ent=&country=<strong>Russia</strong>,&def=<br />
dernier<br />
accès le 18 août 2013.<br />
(110) As above.<br />
(111) http://www.russian-crim<strong>in</strong>al-code.com/PartII/SectionIX/Chapter25.html<br />
(112) Elena Bobrova, personal communication.<br />
(113) As above.<br />
(114) Popov, A.V.,Hunt<strong>in</strong>g Laikas, <strong>Russia</strong>, Journal <strong>of</strong> the International Society for Preservation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Primitive Aborig<strong>in</strong>al Dogs, June 2012 accessed at http://www.bradanderson.<br />
org/pads/Journal-<strong>of</strong>-PADS-31-English.pdf on 11 September 2013<br />
(115) Nasyrov, G., Let us preserve the culture <strong>of</strong> hunt<strong>in</strong>g with Laika, <strong>in</strong> the newsletter<br />
<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Russia</strong>n Branch <strong>of</strong> the Primitive and Aborig<strong>in</strong>al Dog Society, 2004 accessed at:<br />
http://www.pads.ru/zadm<strong>in</strong>_data/issue.pdf_file_en/1083/PADSnewsletter_october_<br />
2004.pdf on 11 September 2013.<br />
(116) Semyonova is author <strong>of</strong> 100 Silliest Th<strong>in</strong>gs People Say About Dogs, Hast<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Press, 2009, which explodes the 100 most common myths about dogs, their nature,<br />
behaviour and how to treat them and expla<strong>in</strong>s how serious aggression is utterly abnormal<br />
<strong>in</strong> the domestic dog.<br />
(117) Semyonova, A., personal communication.<br />
Photo credits: One Voice - J-P Demol<strong>in</strong>/Fotolia - Digital Vison Just Animals - Eric Mandre/Shutterstock - Guenter Guni/iStock.<br />
Pr<strong>in</strong>ted on recycled paper.<br />
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