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Most distant black hole
A supermassive black hole resides in the centre
of quasar ULAS J112001 .48+064124.3. In terms
of redshift (a light measurement - higher than 1.4
means the source is receding at more than the
speed of light), it measures 7.085. This black hole
was announced in Jun 2011 and emits radiation
from superheated matter that surrounded it less
than 770 million years after the Big Bang.
An energetic jet of
matter emitted from
a supermasslve black
hole in the centre of
galaxy CGCG 049-033
measures 1.5 million
light years long. Life on
any planets in the path
of the jet stream would
be extinguished.
Largest structure
The Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall
consists of a staggeringly huge cluster of
galaxies and other normal matter measuring
10 billion light years across and about 10 billion
light years from Earth. Superclusters are bound
by gravity; this one was announced in Nov 2013
by astronomers who mapped it by charting
gamma-ray bursts (pictured) in the region.
Nothing to see here: dark matter
Astronomers in the 1970s, particularly Vera Rubin
(right), measured the velocities of stars in other
galaxies and noticed that the stars at the galaxies'
edges moved faster than predicted. To reconcile
the observations with the law of gravity, scientists
proposed that there is matter we can't see and
called it "dark matter". This, the most common
form of matter, neither emits nor absorbs light
and radiation as stars and planets do. Measuring
the effect of dark matter in gravitational terms,
scientists have proposed that together with dark
energy it makes up 95% of the Universe.
Nearest distance between
two black holes: two orbiting
black holes in quasar SDSS
J153636.22+044127.0,
separated by just one-third
of a light year
Closest black hole to
Earth: V4641 Sgr, discovered
1,600 light years away
Closest supermassive black
hole to Earth: Sagittarius
A*, centre of the Milky Way,
27,000 light years away
vOO
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