ACLS Review

2 ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support) Review ...
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What are the indications for needle cricothyroidotomy?
Upper airway obstruction that cannot be relieved by oral or nasal intubation.
T/F: Cricothyroidotomy is used in patients with severe edema of the glottis, oral and facial injuries, oral
hemorrhage, and laryngeal fractures.
True.
What are contraindications to the esophageal airway?
Avoid in conscious patients, children under the age of 16, esophageal disease such as cancer and caustic substance
ingestion. The EOA should be removed within 2 hours.
When intubating a patient, how far should the endotracheal tube cuff be advanced past the vocal cords?
1–2.5 cm.
T/F: The oropharyngeal airway prevents biting of the endotracheal tube, allows suctioning, and prevents
airway obstruction.
True.
What are the contraindications of the pharyngotracheal lumen airway?
Patients less than 14 years of age, caustic ingestions, semiconscious patients with a gag reflex, and esophageal disease
or injury.
What are the indications for endotracheal intubation?
Lack of gag reflex, inability to protect the airway, difficulty ventilating the patient, and cardiac arrest with ongoing
chest compressions.
An 8-year-old is found by paramedics to be short of breath. What should be used to provide supplemental
oxygen to a conscious child?
Oxygen mask or nasal cannula.
In an infant, what are the signs and symptoms of acute respiratory failure?
Increased respiratory rate, increased respiratory effort, poor skeletal muscle tone, retractions, cyanosis, and
decreased level of consciousness.
In infants and children, what is the most common problem leading to cardiopulmonary arrest?
Respiratory.
What are the advantages of endotracheal intubation?
Protects the airway, reduces the risk of gastric distention, and provides a route for drug administration.
How long can endotracheal suction can be applied?
Less than 10 seconds.