History of Islam Vol 2 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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596 The History of Islam Later the caliphs began to grow weaker and the Dailami, Amirul Omara or Seljuk, Sultan imposed themselves on the caliphate both the Caliph and the Sultan had their own separate Prime Minister. In those times, to be the minister of the Caliph was not a major position. During tliis dual charge regime sometimes the Caliph's minister was called president and the Sultan's minister was named minister. Sometimes the Caliph's minister enjoyed more powers than the Caliph and when the Sultan appointed the Caliph's minister, the Caliph would be his own minister's prisoner. The Caliph used to select the Prime Minister on the basis of his personal knowledge and sometimes he gave the royal robe of the ministry to a man of a lower stratum of society and raised him to the pinnacle of prestige and sometimes a minister's son succeeded his father as minister. Haroon Rasheed's minister Jafar Barmuk, Mamoon Rasheed s minister Fadal, Alp Arsalan and Malik Shah's minister Nizamul Mulk are famous ministers. Amirul Omara (Chief Executive) This post was created during the declining period of the Abbasid cahphs Having imposed themselves on the Caliph.the people chose this title for themselves and were granted it from the Caliph These Arrurul Omara were m fact the rulers of Iraq. Iran, and Khurasan and they appointed all their office bearers. The Caliph was a Caliph only m name or only for the purpose of the official oath. The Dailamis' (Buy, ds) period lasted for 100 years and their rulers were all called Amirul Omara. The Sultan (King) Da ;lamis chose Amirul Omara as their title, similarly the f S th ju sef ecte the title Sultan for themselves. These Seljuk Sultans were more powerful, more religious, ruled over wider and larger tern tones and were more loyal to the Caliph than the Dailamis. The ai amis ad seized all the power and influence of the Caliph's court. e uics rec ^ °gruzed the Caliph's greatness and allowed them to rule and it was during their regimes to a great extent that the caliphs succeeded in their attempt to get back their power and glory. There
A General Study o/Umawi and Abbasi Caliphates 597 were no posts of Amirul Omara and Sultan in the beginning 5 of the Abbasid caliphate. Ami! or Wali (Governor) The governors of the provinces and states used to send a fixed amount of his revenue every year to the Caliph's court. He enjoyed absolute liberty in the inner administration of the province and he used to send a fixed amount annually to the Caliph's treasury. It was on a contract basis in most cases. Another form was, the Amir used to send the surplus amount after the annual expenditures were deducted, in this case he had to justify the income and expenditure of his province and he was not responsible to pay a fixed sum. The border provinces, which were far away from the capital usually, used the contract form. A very small sum was realized from those provinces as tax and sometimes the reading of the Caliph's name in the Friday sermon was considered sufficient. The change or removal of the governors in these provinces was not regarded as necessary until they betrayed, opposed or rebelled but the governors of the other provinces were changed after short intervals. Sahebu Shurta (Police General) The man responsible for maintaining law and order in the cities quelling rebellions and arresting thieves and robbers was known as 'Sahebu Shurta'. We may call him the Chief of Police. This man had bis headquarters in Baghdad and appointed deputies in the other cities of Iraq. Sometimes he was the commander in chief of the Iraqi forces and the Governor of a Province. Tahir bin Husain was the Sahebu Shurta who ultimately became the governor of Khorasan. This was a very responsible post and no ordinary man would be appointed to it. Hajib (Chief Body Guard) besides being the Caliph's bodyguard and the officer of bodyguards, the Hajib had a highly intimate relation with the Caliph. He always accompanied him at home and on journeys and was the trusted man 111 privacy. All the servants of the Caliph's palace and the
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The History of ISLAM Volume Two By:
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 9 Jji-t*** No p
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In the Name of Allah the Most Benef
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6 The History of Islam In this seco
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10 . The History of Islam Khawarij
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still living. I never broke a promi
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116 History of Islam army. From one
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120 History ofIslam Abdullah bin Zu
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124 History of Islam was re-establi
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’ and 126 History of Islam army l
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130 History ofIslam caliphate by ki
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Chapter 2 Caliphate of Banu Umayyah
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280 The History of ls lam of Hijaz
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Maa«oor 324 with papers, registers
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Chapter 4 The Caliphate of the Abba
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History of Islam Vol 2 of 3 by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi

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