UW Schallschutzkonzepte 3. Baltic Future 04 05 2011 - Wind Energy ...
UW Schallschutzkonzepte 3. Baltic Future 04 05 2011 - Wind Energy ...
UW Schallschutzkonzepte 3. Baltic Future 04 05 2011 - Wind Energy ...
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Unterwasser <strong>Schallschutzkonzepte</strong> bei der<br />
Fundamentinstallation von Offshore- Offshore<br />
<strong>Wind</strong>energieanlagen<br />
(Underwater Noise Mitigation Concepts for Offshore <strong>Wind</strong>turbine<br />
Foundations)<br />
Martin Ros (MENCK GmbH) GmbH<br />
2. <strong>Wind</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Tag im Rahmen der <strong>3.</strong> <strong>Baltic</strong> <strong>Future</strong>, <strong>04</strong> Mai <strong>2011</strong>; Rostock
Overview<br />
•Why Piling – Foundations – Hammer – airborne piling noise (mitigation)<br />
•Aspects and Basic Data of Underwater Piling Noise (<strong>UW</strong>) Mitigation<br />
•Research projects: (Little) Bubble Curtain<br />
•Concepts for Tripods/ Jackets :, Inflatable Hose Concept, Hydro Dampers<br />
and Incorporated Foundation design concepts<br />
•Noise Mitigation Concepts <strong>UW</strong> for Monopiles (MENCK Patents):<br />
Telescopic (sandwich) Tube & Piling Frame combined liftable Noise Curtain<br />
•Status of Discussion - Conclusion
Why PILING?(Noise)<br />
Offshore <strong>Wind</strong> Foundation Concepts (shallow)<br />
Gravity<br />
Gravity<br />
Monopile Monopile Suction Suction Caisson Caisson<br />
Caisson<br />
Tri Tri-/Tetrapod<br />
Tri Tetrapod<br />
driven driven pile<br />
pile<br />
Tri Tri-/Tetrapod<br />
Tri Tetrapod Tetrapod<br />
suction suction caisson<br />
caisson
Offshore <strong>Wind</strong> Foundation Concepts<br />
[suction, gravity, drilling (3-G), (3 G), floating]<br />
Driven pile proven / reliable foundation practice)<br />
Learning from Offshore Oil & Gas
Facilities<br />
Headquartered in<br />
Kaltenkirchen, Germany<br />
since March 2002<br />
Piling hammers<br />
Powerpacks (on-deck and<br />
underwater)<br />
Winches, hoses, umbilicals<br />
Followers<br />
Accessories<br />
Noise protection systems above &<br />
under water
MENCK Offshore<br />
Houston, TX – Office<br />
Amelia, LA - Storage<br />
Kaltenkirchen, Germany<br />
Headquaters<br />
Singapore<br />
Storage
MHU Hammer Design
Reduction of above water noise<br />
CT4 Terminal / Bremerhaven<br />
(20<strong>05</strong>) / GER<br />
Driving of H-Beams<br />
Manufacturing possible up to<br />
6.0m OD<br />
> 60dB in 1500m distance
Noise Measurements of Hydraulic<br />
Hammer Underwater from Various Projects<br />
Project/Year<br />
North Hoyle / 2003<br />
Metmast Amrumbank<br />
West, 20<strong>05</strong><br />
Q7/NL, 2006/2007<br />
Metmast FINO 3” /<br />
Ger, 2008<br />
Alpha Ventus –<br />
Tripod, 2009<br />
Pile OD (m)/<br />
Hammer-<strong>Energy</strong><br />
4.0m/MHU 500T<br />
(max. 600kJ)<br />
<strong>3.</strong>5m bottom - 2.0m<br />
top / MHU 800S<br />
(max. 800kJ)<br />
4.0m (very stiff pilehigh<br />
wallthicknesses)<br />
/ MHU 800S & MHU<br />
1900S (max. energy<br />
800kJ)<br />
4.5m bottom – <strong>3.</strong>0m<br />
top / MHU 800S<br />
(max. energy 800kJ)<br />
2.48m / MHU 500T<br />
(max. energy 550kJ)<br />
Noise Level (dB)/<br />
Distance from<br />
Source<br />
180 dB / 955m<br />
180 db / 750m<br />
195 – 198 dB /<br />
1600m<br />
180 db / 750m<br />
170 dB / 750m<br />
Noise at Source –<br />
correlated (dB)<br />
200 – 2<strong>05</strong> dB<br />
200 – 2<strong>05</strong> dB<br />
213 db (36m<br />
distance)<br />
200 dB – 2<strong>05</strong> dB<br />
180 dB<br />
Betke, K.: Minderung von Unterwassergeräuschen beim Bau von OWEA, FINO3 Workshop, Okt. 2008.
Sound Pressure Levels of different piles<br />
(under water, Betke-ITAP<br />
Betke ITAP)<br />
SEL, 1/3 octave, dB re 1 µPa<br />
180<br />
170<br />
160<br />
150<br />
140<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
FINO1, 400 m Amrumbank, 850 m Port construction, 340 m FINO2, 530 m<br />
16 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 16000<br />
Frequency, Hz
Spectral impact noise of hydraulic<br />
hammer underwater<br />
Important frequency range: 50 Hz – 2000 Hz; Peaks: 100 Hz – 300 Hz<br />
Betke, K.: Minderung von Unterwassergeräuschen beim Bau von OWEA, FINO3 Workshop, Okt. 2008.
Involvement in Research Projects
Reduction of under water noise<br />
To date no state-of-the-art<br />
(Stand der Technik) uw noise<br />
existing; only concepts<br />
Basic test on MENCK <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea<br />
testpile 2006: Rubber curtain, steel<br />
caising & foam coated steel tube
Test Results <strong>Baltic</strong> Sea:<br />
Reduction of under water noise<br />
Air (Foam) Isolation/Barrier is most effective<br />
(especially in high freqency band)
<strong>UW</strong> Noise Bubble Curtains:<br />
Experiences Worldwide<br />
Illingsworth & Rodkin, Inc. (2001) / Reyff (2003)<br />
Vagle (20<strong>05</strong>)<br />
Reyff (2003)<br />
Petrie (20<strong>05</strong>)
Bubble curtain: curtain:<br />
How Effective in<br />
marine environment?<br />
Unprotected bubble curtain –<br />
bubble shift (Betke ( Betke-ITAP) ITAP)<br />
Protected bubble curtain
Research Project Little Bubble Curtain -<br />
Tripods Alpha Ventus funded by German<br />
BMU / PTJ<br />
Located 30km north of Borkum (FINO 1)<br />
6 Tripods for 6 Areva-Multibrid M5000 turbines<br />
Pile OD 2.48m, 46 – 56 m length<br />
Water depth 26 -28m
<strong>UW</strong> Noise Mitigation Research Project –<br />
Little Bubble Curtain;<br />
funded by German BMU / PTJ<br />
Involved parties:<br />
Doti / Multibrid-Areva /<br />
Prokon Nord<br />
MENCK / Hydro Technik<br />
ISD / ITAP / DEWI
Alpha Ventus: Ventus:<br />
Lower part Design<br />
Tripod AV– Little Bubble Curtain with hammer application designed by<br />
MENCK / Lower and upper Part
Noise Protection underwater – Tripod AV<br />
Tripod AV – Little Bubble<br />
Curtain: Upper Part with<br />
bouyancy tanks
Little Bubble Curtain<br />
MHU500T-<strong>3.</strong>2m short sleeve Alpha Ventus – start<br />
of Tripod pile driving without bubble curtain
Little Bubble Curtain<br />
MHU500T-<strong>3.</strong>2m short<br />
sleeve Alpha Ventus – pile<br />
driving with lower bubble<br />
curtain (tested on two pile<br />
sleeves)<br />
12 dB reduction possible!
Measurement results AV 09: Little Bubble Curtain<br />
Opposite direction of current only 1-2 2 dBa reduction-<br />
reduction<br />
Effect of (missing ( missing) ) upper part LBC ??? To be clarified/tested<br />
SEL (1/3-Oktav), dB re 1 µPa<br />
180<br />
170<br />
160<br />
150<br />
140<br />
130<br />
120<br />
110<br />
100<br />
Messposition "Arne Tiselius", Entfernung = 520...560 m, Richtung = 270°<br />
10 100 1 000 10 000<br />
Frequenz, Hz<br />
21:15 Blasen aus<br />
20:55 Blasen ein<br />
22:10 Blasen aus<br />
22:15 Blasen ein<br />
Ramme aus
Noise Protection underwater<br />
Large Bubble Curtain –<br />
FINO 3 / 10-12 dBa<br />
reduction, costs could be<br />
reduced in serial<br />
foundation installation
Noise Reduction Bubble Curtains<br />
Bubble curtains very effective at high frequencies/ average -12 dB<br />
Betke, K.: Minderung von Unterwassergeräuschen beim Bau von OWEA, FINO3 Workshop, Okt. 2008.<br />
Reyff, JA.:Underwater sound pressures associated with the restrike of the PIDP pile; Illingw.& Rodk., 200<strong>3.</strong><br />
Würsig,B, Greene,GR, Jefferson,TA: Development of an air bubble curtain, Mar. Environ. Res.,49,79-93,2000.
Integrated in Foundation Design<br />
New Tripod Concept – Driving through noise<br />
dampened/insulated leg: foam and<br />
rubber/wood/kevlar liners
Noise Protection <strong>UW</strong> – Long Leg tripod<br />
New Tripod Concept –<br />
Driving through legs
Noise Protection <strong>UW</strong> – LL Tripod<br />
Tipod – Driving through noise insulated leg: foam and<br />
rubber/wood/kevlar liners
Jacket Installation – MHU Slender and Pre-<br />
pile installation by using a template<br />
(with integrated <strong>UW</strong> Noise protection)
Noise Protection underwater<br />
Double Wall (sandwich) Protection pipe for Tripods/Jackets<br />
and Monopiles
Noise Protection underwater<br />
Inflatable Airhose Mitigation for<br />
Monopiles and Tripod/Jackets with<br />
bubble curtain for bracing slot – high<br />
resistance to current
Noise Protection <strong>UW</strong> – Monopiles<br />
Various Piling Frames for<br />
Monopiles – necessary tool to be<br />
combined with noise mitigation<br />
system
Noise Protection <strong>UW</strong> - Monopiles<br />
Different Concepts:<br />
Cofferdam / Pile Guide<br />
Hydro Dampers<br />
BeKa Shales (incl. BC)<br />
Solid Steel Protection pile (incl. BC)<br />
TST – Telescopic Sandwich Tube<br />
Foldable BC or Airhoses connected<br />
to piling frame
Noise Protection<br />
Hydro Sound Damper (HSD, Elmer 2010)<br />
- using gas filled envelope bodies (balloons) instead of free bubbles<br />
- scattering, absorption and additional material damping effects<br />
- allow extreme resonant effects in decisive frequency range 100 – 300 Hz<br />
- fully controlled elast. Balloons<br />
- fixed to fishing nets or frames<br />
- number, size, damping rate<br />
and distribution are controlled<br />
/ designed<br />
- reduced resistance to current<br />
- no supply with compressed<br />
air needed<br />
- easy adaptable to different<br />
applications
Noise Protection underwater (HSD)<br />
Hydro Sound Damper (HSD) Applications Offshore<br />
(Elmer, 2010)<br />
Elmer, 2010
Reduction of <strong>UW</strong> Noise – Telescopic Tube<br />
Telescopic noise mitigation<br />
tube (sandwich principle, schematically,<br />
not to scale)<br />
- Supposed to be very effective in<br />
noise reduction (> 20 dB) but<br />
additional handling time and stability<br />
to be solved
Bubble Curtain or Air Hoses/Piling Frame<br />
Combination<br />
Draft designs of large scale under<br />
water noise mitigation systems<br />
(patent pending) either bubble<br />
curtain or inflatable hoses<br />
(patents as stated and described in the COWRIE<br />
Study “Assessment and costs of potential<br />
engineering solutions for the mitigation of the<br />
impacts of underwater noise arising from the<br />
construction of offshore windfarms)
Anwendungmöglichkeiten<br />
Anwendungm glichkeiten Blasenschleier<br />
Unter Piling Frame hängen und Ballast<br />
entsprechend gestalten
Conclusion<br />
• Underwater piling noise restricted to max. 160 dBa by law<br />
(hammered into stone unless political approach changes – increase of noise<br />
level limit)<br />
• No state-of-the-art noise mitigation existing so far for serial pile installation<br />
• Bubble Curtain principle in test phases for offshore application<br />
•Test results for Bubble curtain offshore indicates reduction of 10 -15 dB,<br />
optimization tests ongoing<br />
and for double wall pile (TST) approx. 20 -25 dBA<br />
• Alternative method (sandwich pile/air hose, red. potential approx. 20 -25<br />
dBA) limited in application offshore due to high loads (currents, waves) and<br />
relatively complicated/time consuming handling – system has to be robust<br />
and user friendly
Conclusion (con ( con’t)<br />
• Hydro Dampers in initial test phase, first laboratory results expected July<br />
2010 – in case of succesful testing MENCK to adopt Hydrodampers instead<br />
of LBC for Frame-Noise Mitigation concept<br />
•Cofferdam-, Beka Shales concepts in design phase<br />
• alternative foundation concepts (suction, gravity, drilled, floating) are not<br />
yet mature for OWG requirements<br />
• New or alternative mitigation proposals for piling noise from everywhere<br />
appriciated<br />
• MENCK prefers handling friendly concepts (e.g. combine Noise Mitigation<br />
System with existing tools)<br />
• Ongoing projects have to provide/implement piling noise reduction system<br />
for construction approval and into construction phase
Thank you !<br />
Please ask<br />
questions !
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