Julie Moore - final PhD submission.pdf - University of Hertfordshire ...

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Appendix 3A Quantities returned and average prices per imperial quarter realised of arable crops at returning markets within Hertfordshire, 1880-1913 1880 1 283 QUANTITIES RETURNED AVERAGE PRICE FOR THE YEAR WHEAT BARLEY OATS WHEAT BARLEY OATS qrs bus qrs bus qrs bus s d s d s d Hertford 9,035 4 11,146 4 nil 44 2 36 4 Royston 15,079 4 21,330 6 262 44 6 34 3 19 3 County 24,115 0 32,477 2 262 44 4 35 3 19 3 1886 2 Hertford 20,833 1 6,409 4 60 30 5 28 1 19 3 Royston 17,717 2 29,388 1 220 5 29 10 27 10 16 9 Hitchin 22,770 5 19,457 5 1,435 30 9 27 11 17 11 B Stortford 16,685 6 31,097 4 140 29 9 28 8 16 1 County 78,006 6 86,352 6 1,855 5 30 2 28 1 17 6 1887 3 Hertford 21,237 7 6,519 6 nil 32 1 27 9 Royston 18,639 0 26,616 3 nil 31 7 27 5 Hitchin 11,833 0 18,728 3 588 6 32 5 29 3 16 4 B Stortford 9,635 0 32,443 0 70 31 10 27 11 15 6 County 61,344 7 84,307 4 658 6 31 11 28 1 15 11 1889 4 Hertford 28,140 3 10,244 5 158 3 29 29 6 15 8 Royston 25,055 6 29,170 4 578 7 29 3 27 7 18 2 Hitchin 16,134 1 32,631 6 1,634 2 27 11 28 10 17 4 B Stortford 46,891 4 73,526 4 209 28 2 28 4 16 5 County 110,221 6 145,573 3 2,580 4 28 7 28 6 16 10 1891 5 Hertford 20,994 1 8,752 6 650 4 36 2 30 5 20 4 Royston 25,625 3 22,321 2 1,034 5 36 3 29 1 18 11 Hitchin 20,875 4 23,698 3 3,057 1 36 5 29 6 20 5 B Stortford 31,675 5 61,406 6 869 1 36 1 30 3 19 6 County 98,470 5 116,179 1 5,611 3 36 2 29 9 19 9 1893 6 Hertford 17,568 5 8,676 0 310 4 26 3 27 7 17 10 Royston 20,885 6 10,124 1 993 7 26 3 27 11 17 5 Hitchin 20,474 3 24,661 4 4,091 2 26 7 26 7 19 5 B Stortford 21,484 7 57,680 5 665 25 9 29 1 18 2 County 80,413 5 101,142 2 6,060 5 26 2 27 9 18 2 1895 7 Hertford 12,983 1 9,569 4 314 1 22 3 24 7 13 5 Royston 16,739 0 18,324 2 390 6 22 7 24 1 15 2 Hitchin 20,751 2 26,633 2 3,347 2 22 6 23 11 16 11 B Stortford 12,813 5 42,590 3 372 6 21 9 25 10 15 2 County 63,288 0 97,117 3 4,424 7 22 3 24 7 15 2 1897 8 Hertford 25,235 0 3,094 6 96 6 29 10 28 2 16 9 Royston 19,069 3 15,056 4 490 7 29 1 26 7 16 10 Hitchin 37,580 1 31,453 4 5,138 6 29 8 23 7 16 9 B Stortford 16,149 3 59,782 1 430 5 29 2 28 2 15 5 County 98,033 7 109,386 7 6,157 0 29 5 26 7 16 5 1 BPP LXXXIII.719 [411] (1881) Return of Quantities of Wheat, Barley and Oats returned for "Gazette" Average Prices in Returning Markets in England and Wales, 1880. 2 BPP LXXV.283 [108] (1887) Return of Quantities of Wheat, Barley and Oats Returned for ‘Gazette’ Average Prices in Returning Markets in England and Wales, Table Two. 3 BPP X.1 [312] (1888) First Report from Select Committee on Corn Averages, Table One. 4 BPP LVIII.173 [13] (1890) Statistical Table of Corn Prices for the Year 1889. 5 BPP LXIII.671 [84] (1892) Statistical Table of Corn Prices for the Year 1891. 6 BPP XCIII.1[C.7315] (1894) Statistical Tables of Prices of British Corn, 1893, Table Three. 7 BPP CVI.1 [C.7698] (1895) Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, Table Forty Three. 8 BPP CII.1 [C.8897] (1898) Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, Table Thirty Eight.
QUANTITIES RETURNED AVERAGE PRICE FOR THE YEAR WHEAT BARLEY OATS WHEAT BARLEY OATS qrs bus qrs bus qrs bus s d s d s d 1898 9 Hertford 23,983 1 6,867 4 698 0 33 2 30 2 18 1 Royston 16,653 4 19,120 4 1,103 5 33 7 28 9 17 9 Hitchin 34,767 4 29,643 6 5,297 4 33 8 26 10 18 0 B Stortford 15,359 6 63,734 6 571 3 33 4 29 8 18 1 County 90,763 7 119,366 4 7,670 4 33 5 28 10 17 11 1899 10 Hertford 33,312 5 6,751 4 669 2 25 3 28 11 17 10 Royston 26,220 5 18,059 3 2,001 5 24 10 26 11 16 6 Hitchin 40,044 2 28,920 6 5,971 2 24 11 25 6 17 8 B Stortford 11,575 6 51,690 5 1,214 0 24 11 29 2 17 8 County 111,153 2 105,422 2 9,856 1 24 11 27 7 17 5 1901 11 Hertford 26,121 3 6,983 1 145 5 26 10 27 11 17 10 Royston 20,329 4 17,679 3 1,732 7 26 6 26 11 17 3 Hitchin 35,266 7 21,517 0 5,347 3 27 0 25 1 18 3 B Stortford 21,959 6 76,462 7 1,828 3 26 6 28 6 18 0 County 103,677 4 122,642 3 9,054 2 26 8 27 1 17 10 1903 12 Hertford 20,678 4 7,440 1 587 3 26 5 25 9 16 6 Royston 21,960 5 21,486 3 2,784 1 26 7 23 1 16 6 Hitchin 40,589 2 22,204 7 6,961 4 26 7 22 8 17 0 B Stortford 21,766 3 61,313 5 2,408 4 26 4 23 8 17 3 County 104,994 6 112,445 0 12,741 4 26 6 23 10 16 9 1905 13 Hertford 15,799 6 7,600 4 1,096 5 29 4 25 5 17 4 Royston 22,324 5 20,875 1 4,772 4 29 9 24 7 17 0 Hitchin 39,032 0 19,298 2 8,531 6 29 10 24 6 16 9 B Stortford 22,731 6 88,506 2 1,976 2 29 7 25 5 16 5 County 99,888 1 136,280 1 16,377 1 29 8 24 11 16 10 1907 14 Hertford 25,851 4 13,374 2 2,067 4 30 4 26 3 18 6 Royston 25,166 0 20,882 1 5,096 1 30 1 24 9 17 11 Hitchin 34,312 7 19,975 6 13,521 3 30 6 25 2 18 8 B Stortford 25,351 2 76,172 5 2,858 7 30 6 26 0 18 1 County 110,681 5 130,404 6 23,543 7 30 4 25 6 18 4 1909 15 Hertford 18,328 5 9,417 7 547 6 35 1 27 7 17 9 Royston 22,367 5 18,114 5 3,940 7 36 9 26 11 18 0 Hitchin 33,759 7 11,694 6 6,255 5 36 8 26 7 18 4 B Stortford 15,349 3 38,051 2 1,415 0 36 3 27 3 17 6 County 89,805 4 77,286 4 12,159 2 36 2 27 1 17 11 1911 16 Hertford 19,802 2 7,857 2 289 6 31 7 29 9 18 8 Royston 28,912 6 13,006 0 4,050 5 31 4 28 6 18 3 Hitchin 38,514 4 11,108 1 6,718 7 31 6 28 11 18 9 B Stortford 18,936 5 32,530 3 2,663 7 31 1 29 5 18 8 County 106,166 1 64,501 6 13,723 1 31 5 29 2 18 7 1913 17 Hertford 21,103 4 12,128 3 435 1 34 9 28 5 20 11 Royston 31,362 6 19,754 4 4,555 7 34 5 27 1 20 10 Hitchin 34,579 7 14,311 1 5,298 0 34 5 27 10 21 3 B Stortford 39,361 6 51,539 7 3,940 1 34 5 28 0 21 8 County 126,407 7 97,733 7 14,229 1 34 6 27 10 21 2 9 BPP CVI.1 [C.9304] (1899) Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, Table Thirty Eight. 10 BPP CL.1 [Cd.166] (1900) Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, Table Thirty One. 11 BPP CXVL.PT.1.1 [Cd.1121] (1902) Agricultural Returns of Great Britain, Table Twenty Six. 12 BPP CV.1 [Cd.2131] (1904) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Thirty Eight. 13 BPP CXXX.I [Cd.306] (1906) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Thirty Seven. 14 BPP CXXI.287 [Cd.4264] (1908) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Forty Six. 15 BPP CVIII.309 [Cd.5268] (1910) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Forty Six. 16 BPP CVI.1 [Cd.6272] (1912-13) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Forty Six. 17 BPP LXXIX.485 [Cd.8112] (1914-16) Agricultural Statistics for Great Britain, Table Forty-Seven. 284
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Julie Patricia Moore THE IMPACT OF
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has been
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List of Tables 2.1 Population chang
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List of Appendices 2A Population of
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List of Abbreviations Newspapers an
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Since 1875 every kind of farm produ
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estate comprising more than thirty
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expanding population with food, and
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factor of the money coming in, rath
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London markets. 34 However, while c
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The arrival of the Scots was under
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The period 1880-1914 saw no shortag
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As the agricultural depression deep
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his obligations at Michaelmas that
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Relief Act, introduced in 1896, inc
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the anonymous urban consumer with h
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Flora Thompson remembered how altho
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Work on the land, in constant conta
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of the rural in the wider nation. A
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live upon the whole without land. H
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environment. This understanding exp
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majority of those who fought in the
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energy and engagement with their co
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that at a meeting held in May 1883,
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eflected that wider argument of urb
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Table 2.1. Population Change in Her
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The railway companies were alert to
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the small farms had quite disappear
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and their families were choosing to
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The most important of these opportu
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Leavesden Metropolitan Asylum for P
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Those who worked the farms of Hertf
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ecorded. However, Table 2.4 does sh
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work, reducing both the yield and q
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places in hedges, is often imperiou
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The Landowners of Hertfordshire Tab
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1795, drew attention to the large n
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epresentation amongst the ranks of
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M.P., for a price of £46,500. 117
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een able to maintain the estate by
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included the turnover of those who
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his tenants through the worst of th
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orientation and potentially ripe fo
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The subject of the weather was a pe
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from the 1879 figure. 15 As an arab
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Table 3.2 Percentage change in aver
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Committee of the Bishop’s Stortfo
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I have not much knowledge of farmin
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dislocation between those who saw f
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As Table 3.3 shows, whilst the wide
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experience of bankruptcy varied acr
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those cases where the death of the
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In 1886 Benjamin Godfrey, concerned
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Table 3.8 Farmers occupying 1,000 a
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millers and farmers. 101 He was unu
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county from these different extreme
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Table 3.10 Combined Presence of Sco
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eported that the average rent on an
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However, both Spencer and Rider Hag
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Bruisers should remember they must
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were absent at the time of the inci
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achieved amongst Hertfordshire farm
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In 1902, Rider Haggard concluded th
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a general hostility should be avoid
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found that their claim to special s
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agricultural labourers, but that it
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culture which they represented and
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injustice on the poor farmers: they
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as, ‘winter or summer he was neve
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hour,’ 247 but whilst the agricul
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landowners could provide cottages o
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them fell victim to bankruptcy cour
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the hospital and the museum, as wel
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household word by generous deeds sc
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These ‘humble folk’ had a uniqu
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estates in Hertfordshire reflected
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ut does not exhaust realities’ 38
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villagers who had difficulties in a
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getting such projects off the groun
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invited Fillingham to visit his own
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Spencer and a local orchid nurserym
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As Table 4.2 shows, it was those su
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parish church. 104 Shepherd Cross d
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In recognition of his many kindly a
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celebrations in the village. 128 Sh
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one who came to Hertfordshire from
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mean,’ and was less likely to sel
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enthusiasm for a ‘Tudorbethan’
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No mention was made of the difficul
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for the cheap colony would spring u
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space available for more than just
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Table 4.3 Golf Clubs Established by
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nursemaids and perambulators, the h
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from the gates of the park to the h
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Chapter 5. The Political Climate of
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public imagination. As the Agricult
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served as Conservative members for
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The Four Divisions Table 5.2. Regis
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prominent in the northern parishes,
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attle grounds of the election in th
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try and get good measures out of th
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Panshanger, whose 10,000 acre estat
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ecognising ‘how vitally important
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Elector, and the Hertfordshire Merc
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Faudel-Phillips was an excellent sp
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situation of this metropolitan coun
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disposition would suffice. 109 In f
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However, Bingham-Cox, who maintaine
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The final poll saw Bingham-Cox come
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Whilst living within the division w
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understood the political world arou
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offering a model for the county whi
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Hitchin, Fordham spoke of how ‘th
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Conservative meeting that he had fo
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solutions. That the Conservatives w
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wanting to tidy his sitting-room wh
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Those ‘scented-handkerchiefs’ p
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toast was made to agriculture, ‘a
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the Liberals who offered some small
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Hunter, Junior, of Holwell Farm, Es
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In a real sense, debates about agra
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Chapter 6. Conclusion This thesis h
Page 246 and 247:
elsewhere in the country. 3 In her
Page 248 and 249: still, with a few additions, be tak
Page 250 and 251: When the new wealthy re-modelled th
Page 252 and 253: The View from the Villa Whilst the
Page 254 and 255: farmers to offer reliable work at r
Page 256 and 257: workers. 24 Guides to the county co
Page 258 and 259: Appendix 4B. Individual Public Spen
Page 260 and 261: Status Village Halls Total 1870s 18
Page 262 and 263: Appendix 4A Individual public spend
Page 264 and 265: Name Occupation Place Date Amenity
Page 272 and 273: Appendix 3M Devon farmers resident
Page 274 and 275: Appendix 3L Cornish farmers residen
Page 276 and 277: Name Farm Parish Registration Distr
Page 282 and 283: Appendix 3I Millers, corn merchants
Page 284 and 285: Appendix 3H Farmers recorded as ban
Page 286 and 287: Name Farm Situation Dual Occupation
Page 288 and 289: Name Farm Situation Dual Occupation
Page 290 and 291: Source: BPP LXIX.271 [C.460] (1871)
Page 292 and 293: 292 Source: BPP LXIX.271 [C.460] (1
Page 294 and 295: Appendix 3D Grain and Flour Importe
Page 296 and 297: Returns of Great Britain, Tables On
Page 300 and 301: 285
Page 302 and 303: Appendix 2H High Sheriffs of Hertfo
Page 304 and 305: Year of office Appendix 2G Patterns
Page 306 and 307: Registration District Civil Parish
Page 310 and 311: Appendix 2E Businessmen buying esta
Page 312 and 313: Owner Residence County Hertfordshir
Page 314 and 315: Owner Residence County Hertfordshir
Page 316 and 317: Rural District Parish Acreage Popul
Page 318 and 319: Rural District Parish Acreage Popul
Page 324 and 325: Appendix 2A Population of Hertfords
Page 328 and 329: PRIMARY SOURCES Archival Sources Ha
Page 330 and 331: BPP L.19 [401] (1882) Return of Chu
Page 332 and 333: Newspapers and Journals Baily’s F
Page 334 and 335: Forster, E.M., Howard’s End (Harm
Page 336 and 337: Blythe, R., Akenfield. Portrait of
Page 338 and 339: Fisher, R., ‘The Road Through Kin
Page 340 and 341: Hughes, M. V., A London Home in the
Page 342 and 343: Payne, C., Toil and Plenty. Images
Page 344 and 345: Spring, E. ‘Businessmen and Lando
Page 346 and 347: Unpublished PhD Theses Carpenter, A
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