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All about CLARINET<br />
& duet<br />
Siti <strong>Munira</strong> Maamor
uku ini diterbitkan untuk memenuhi keperluan kursus MUE620 Digital Dekstop Publishing di bawah seliaan<br />
Dr. Ahmad Rithaudin Md. Noor.
Publication information<br />
Copyright © 2017 by Siti <strong>Munira</strong> Maamor<br />
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any<br />
means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission<br />
of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial<br />
uses permitted by copyright law. For permission requests, write to the publisher.<br />
Imaginary Press<br />
1233 Seksyen 17,<br />
Shah Alam, Selangor<br />
www.imaginarypress.com<br />
Ordering Information:<br />
Quantity sales. Special discounts are available on quantity purchases by corporations, associations, and others. For<br />
details, contact the publisher at the address above.<br />
Orders by U.S. trade bookstores and wholesalers. Please contact Big Distribution: Tel: (011) 825-8040; Fax: (800)<br />
800-8001 or visit www.bigbooks.com.<br />
Printed in the Malaysia<br />
ISBN 978-0-9000000-0-0<br />
1. The main category of the book —Music—Other category. 2. Another subject category —From one perspective. 3.<br />
More categories —And their modifiers. I. Johnson, Ben. II. Title.<br />
HF0000.A0 A00 2010<br />
299.000 00–dc22 2010999999<br />
First Edition<br />
14 13 12 11 10 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS<br />
Clarinet<br />
Background history<br />
The Manufacturing<br />
Process<br />
Preparing the body<br />
Plastic models<br />
Tone holes<br />
Construction of keys<br />
Mounting the keys<br />
Finishing<br />
Characteristics<br />
Tone<br />
Range<br />
Materials<br />
Construction<br />
Mouth piece<br />
Reed<br />
Barrel<br />
Upper Joint<br />
Lower Joint<br />
Bell<br />
DUET<br />
Duets for 2 Clarinets<br />
Example video<br />
Other Repertoires :<br />
-Sonatine for 2 Clarinets by Heinz Irsen<br />
- Duetto II, I. Allegro agitato ma non troppo<br />
by Bernhard Crusell.
Duets for Clarinet & Bass Clarinet<br />
Example video<br />
Other Repertoires :<br />
-Duo No. 1 arranged for Clarinet and Bass Clarinet<br />
by Ludwig van Beethoven<br />
-The Swan by Saint-Saens, Camille<br />
Duets for Clarinet & Bassoon<br />
Example video<br />
Other Repertoires :<br />
- Rondo for Clarinet and Bassoon<br />
by Yuri Evgrafov<br />
- Duet for Clarinet and Bassoon<br />
by Alain Lefébure<br />
Duets for Clarinet & Flute<br />
Example video<br />
Other Repertoires :<br />
- Duet from Norma for Clarinet and Flute<br />
by Luigi Cancani<br />
- Triptych for Clarinet and Flute<br />
by Sevastyanov, B<br />
Duets for Clarinet & Violin<br />
Example video<br />
Other Repertoires :<br />
- 2 Duos for Clarinet and Violin<br />
by William Funk<br />
- Acalanto No. 2 for Clarinet and Violin<br />
by Paulinyi, Zoltan
Background History<br />
of<br />
Clarinet<br />
The clarinet is a musical instrument that is a part of the woodwind family. The<br />
name derives from adding the suffix -et (meaning little) to the Italian word clarino<br />
(meaning a type of trumpet), as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of<br />
a trumpet. The instrument has an approximately cylindrical bore, and uses a single<br />
reed. An instrument similar to the clarinet which is a cylindrical cane tube played with<br />
a cane reed was in use in Egypt as early as 3000 b.c.<br />
Instruments of this type were used across the Near East into modern times, and other<br />
clarinet prototypes were played in Spain, parts of Eastern Europe, and in Sardinia.<br />
A folk instrument found in Wales through the eighteenth century, called the<br />
hompipe or pibgorn, was very similar to Greek and Middle Eastern cane single reed<br />
instruments, but it was made of bone or of elder wood. Through the Middle Ages and<br />
up to the seventeenth century such single reed instruments were played across Europe,<br />
but they were almost exclusively peasant or folk instruments.<br />
The modern clarinet seems to have been originated by a Nuremberg instrument<br />
maker, Johann Cristoph Denner, sometime around 1690. Denner was a celebrated<br />
manufacturer of recorders, flutes, oboes, and bassoons. His early clarinets (the word is<br />
a diminutive of the Italian word for trumpet, clarino) looked much like recorders,<br />
made in three parts and with the addition of two keys to close the holes.
The invention of the clarinet<br />
A clarinet with a flared bell, like the modern clarinet, may have been made by<br />
Denner's son. Parts scored for clarinet were soon found in the music of notable<br />
eighteenth century composers, including Handel, Gluick, and Telemann. The early<br />
clarinets were usually made of boxwood or occasionally plum or pear wood. Rarely,<br />
they were made of ivory, and some used a mouthpiece of ebony.<br />
After having experimented with chalumeaus for a long time, the instrument maker<br />
C. H. Denner of Nuremberg, Germany, finally managed to build an instrument, that<br />
would not only play the lower register but also the upper one, without sacrificing to<br />
much of intonation (that is correctnes of the tone frequency). In order to do this he<br />
added two additional holes close to the duodecime key. The remaining problems<br />
with intonation the player had to correct with his embouchure.<br />
Oldest description of clarinet, 1740
With every new musical and technical challenge craftsmen and players strived to<br />
improved the new and by far not perfect instrument. This development is similar<br />
to biological evolution of living species. Usually it was in small steps, shows forking,<br />
interdependencies of workshops and sometimes dead ends. Today several<br />
systems survived, on the one hand the German System (a step-by-step improvement<br />
of Denner's System), that is played mainly in Germany and Austria. Then<br />
there are forks that technically and from the looks remain German-style: the<br />
Albert System or simple system that is used in Jazz and the oriental clarinet, both<br />
are similar to a German clarinet of around 1870.
The Manufacturing Process
Characteristics<br />
Tone<br />
The cylindrical bore is primarily responsible for the clarinet's distinctive<br />
timbre, which varies between its three main registers, known as the chalumeau,<br />
clarion, and altissimo. The tone quality can vary greatly with the musician, the<br />
music, the instrument, the mouthpiece, and the reed.<br />
Range<br />
Clarinets have the largest pitch range of common woodwinds. The intricate key<br />
organization that makes this range possible can make the playability of some passages<br />
awkward. The bottom of the clarinet’s written range is defined by the keywork on each<br />
instrument; standard keywork schemes allow a low E on the common Bb clarinet.<br />
The lowest concert pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument in question.<br />
Nearly all soprano and piccolo clarinets have keywork enabling them to play the E<br />
below middle C (E3 in scientific pitch notation) as their lowest written note, though<br />
some Bb clarinets go down to Eb3 to enable them to match the range of the A clarinet.<br />
With the Bb soprano clarinet, the concert pitch of the lowest note is D3, a whole tone<br />
lower than the written pitch.
Materials<br />
Clarinet bodies have been made from a variety of materials including wood,<br />
plastic, hard rubber, metal, resin, and ivory. The vast majority of clarinets used by<br />
professional musicians are made from African hardwood, mpingo (African Blackwood)<br />
or grenadilla, rarely (because of diminishing supplies) Honduran rosewood and<br />
sometimes even cocobolo.<br />
The clarinet mouthpiece is made out of a kind of hard rubber called ebonite. The<br />
keys are usually made out of an alloy called German silver. This is made from copper,<br />
zinc, and nickel. It looks like pure silver, but does not tarnish. Some fine instruments<br />
may be made with pure silver keys, and expensive models are available with gold-plated<br />
keys.<br />
The key pads require cardboard and felt or leather. The reed is made from cane.<br />
Other materials used in the clarinet are cork and wax, for lining the joints, and a metal<br />
such as silver or a cheaper alloy for the ligature, the screw clip that holds the reed in<br />
place, and stainless steel for the spring mechanisms that work the keys.
Construction
Duet for 2 Clarinets
Duet for Clarinet & Bass Clarinet
Duet for Clarinet & Bassoon
Duet for Clarinet & Flute
Duet for Clarinet & Violin
All about CLARINET<br />
& duet<br />
The clarinet is a great instrument! Some great interesting knowledge and information that can be read<br />
and watch. Included brief history about clarinet background from the materials that been used the making<br />
process , to the tuning and maintainance.<br />
A duet is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to<br />
the piece, often a composition involving two Vocal or two instruments.It differs from a harmony, as the<br />
performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously.<br />
Together with numbers of repertoires performed by clarinet duet from clarinet with clarinet,<br />
to clarinet & bass clarinet, clarinet & basson ,clarinet & flute also clarinet & violin.<br />
ABOUT THE AUTHOUR<br />
Siti <strong>Munira</strong> Maamor is a Malaysian writer who was born in Perak<br />
and grown up in Selangor.Her work has appeared on bestsellers lists,<br />
not only in Malaysia but also worldwide. She has appeared as soloist with numerous<br />
orchestras, has performed throughtout the Asia, Europe and America.<br />
Published by Synchronista LLC<br />
munira@synchronusta.com<br />
She enrolled her Bachelor Degree of Music Education in<br />
UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia. Master of Music Pedagogy in Institut Seni Indonesia,<br />
Yogjakarta (ISI), Indonesia and her PhD in Music Education with a Focus on Music<br />
Therapy in New York.<br />
She has more experiences in Music Education, for the varieties<br />
levels of education in Malaysia as well as worldwide.She known as one of the passionate<br />
and influenced author and educator who love to give exposure and ideas to young<br />
generations in towards appreciatiation, interpertation and understanding the<br />
knowledge of music.<br />
See latest from her at <strong>Munira</strong>maamorj.com