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Fig. 2. Distribution of Acacia auriculiformis in Australia (Hall et al. 1980). In savanna vegetation, this species forms narrow belts, where it may be dominant or a principal species; it occurs in low, open tropical forest with Eucalyptus, and other Acacia species, and also grows behind beaches. References Hall, Norman, J. W. Turnbull, and P. N. Martensz. 1980. Australian acacias, no. 8. Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. Illus. Australia Com monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Division of Forest Research. 2 pp. (map used here). Mueller, Ferd. von. 1888. Iconography of Australian species of Acacia and cognate genera, 9th decade. Illus. (unnumb. pl., drawing used here). National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Tropical legumes: resources for the future. Illus. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 165-171. Pedley, L. 1975. Revision of the extra-Australian species of Acacia subg. Heter ophyllum. Contributions from the Queensland Herbarium, no. 20. 24 pp. 1978-79. A revision of Acacia Mill. in Queensland. Austrobaileya 1: 75 - 337, illus. Verdcourt, B. 1979. A manual of New Guinea legumes. Botany Bulletin, no. 11. Illus. De<strong>part</strong>ment of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea. ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS 5
2. Acacia brachystachya Botanical Name Acacia brachystachyaBenth. Common Names umbrella mulga, turpentine mulga, narrowleaf mulga Legume Family, Leguminosae (Mimosoideae) Acacia brachystachya is widespread in arid interior Australia. This shrub or small tree has upright, very narrow phyllodes; tiny flowers in cylindrical clusters; and very narrow, nearly cylindrical, silvery pods that are hard and hairy. This fuelwood species for arid and semiarid regions produces superior firewood. The specific name from Greek, meaning "short spike," refers to the flower cluster. "Mulga" is the Australian aboriginal name for several species. tree to 7 m high, evergreen (?), Description Tall bushy shrub or small usually branching from base, with spreading rounded crown of upright branches. Twigs angled, with brown and silvery pressed hairs. Leaves alternate, simple flattened phyllodes (modified leafstalks), upright, very narrow (linear), 8-10 cm long, 2-3 mm wide, mostly 30-50 times as long as wide, slightly flattened, long-pointed, curved, stiff and leathery, with many fine veins and prominent gland at base. Flowerclusters (spikes) cylindrical, single at leaf bases, 1.5 cm long, shortstalked. Flowers many, crowded, stalkless, tiny, 2 mm long, composed of 5-lobed calyx 0.5 mm long, corolla 1.5 mm long, 5-lobed halfway to base, often finely hairy, many threadlike 2 mm stamens, and pistil with hairy ovary and threadlike style. Pods (legumes) long, very narrow (linear), 3-6 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, 2-2.5 mm thick, nearly cylindrical, slightly narrowed between seeds, silvery, finely hairy, with network of veins, hard, woody. Seeds several, beanlike, elliptical, flattened, 5-7 mm long, on threadlike twisted stalk. Wood hard, heavy, durable; superior firewood. Other Uses Used to manufacture small ornamental objects. Foliage, as though of low palatability, sometimes eaten by livestocl:, can serve emergency fodder. Aborigines ate seeds. Natural Distribution Widespread in arid and semiarid Australia, from southwestern Queensland west of central South Australia and cross to the central coast of Western Australia. Altitude from sea level to about 600 m. Apparently not widely introduced elsewhere. Climate and Soils Arid and semiarid tropical and subtropical, with great temperature extremes from 40-58 0 C, sometimes between OC and 690C. Annual rainfall mostly 200-300 mm, sometimes to 500 mm; may be long dry seasons or droughts. Soils laterites, friable clays, loams, and alluvium. Fairly common in plains, often in dry stony or grav.elly areas. 6 COMMON FUELWOOD CROPS
Page 1 and 2: Common Fue d Crops i ,1 Elbert L. L
Page 3 and 4: Available for purchase from Communi
Page 5 and 6: EUCALYPTUS, eucalyptus 32. Eucalypt
Page 7 and 8: The Author Elbert L. Little, Jr., i
Page 9 and 10: How to Use This Handbook This handb
Page 11 and 12: many countries and languages, commo
Page 13 and 14: dicotyledons, but their woods vary
Page 15 and 16: KEY TO ACACIA SPECIES DESCRIBED HER
Page 17: Fig. 1. Acacia auriculiformis (Muel
Page 21 and 22: References Maiden, J. H. 1917. The
Page 23 and 24: VIC..° Fig. 4. A 'mciacarnbagei jM
Page 25 and 26: References Hall, N., J. W. Turnbull
Page 27 and 28: T. •, ,, /.. 1 Fig. 6. Acacia cyc
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 7. Acacia mearnsii (Lindley 18
Page 31 and 32: 6. Acacia nilotica Botanical Name A
Page 33 and 34: 0 Ule 4W m Iw MAP j- qSHOWING DISTI
Page 35 and 36: of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islan
Page 37 and 38: frcm rig. 11. Acacia saligna IMasli
Page 39 and 40: CAfNAN . 2 .. ~~ A.,j 1;L0 -04-_,
Page 41 and 42: 8. Acacia senegal B'tanical Name Ac
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 15. Distribution of Acacia sen
Page 45 and 46: 9. Acacia seyal Botanical Name Acac
Page 47 and 48: Other Uses Pods, foliage, and flowe
Page 49 and 50: D. Fig. 17. Acacia tortilis (Sahni
Page 51 and 52: Ssp. spirocarpa(Hochst. ex A. Rich.
Page 53 and 54: Fig. 19. Adhatoda zeylanica (Basu 1
Page 55 and 56: 12. Ailanthus altissima Botanical N
Page 57 and 58: wing suggesting a propeller, rt.nai
Page 59 and 60: Fig. 21. Ailanhus excelsa lBasu 191
Page 61 and 62: 14. Albizia falcataria Botanical Na
Page 63 and 64: interlocked. Difficult to saw, not
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 24. Albizia lcbbek (Little and
Page 67 and 68: America, and Southeast Asia. Extens
Page 69 and 70:
16. Alnus acuminata Alnus acuminata
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Fig. 27. Distribution of Abtus acui
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References Furlow, John J. 1977. Be
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Fig. 29. Alnus nepalensis (Little a
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18. Alnus rubra Botanical Name Alnu
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,az' h,1/, Fig. 32. Distribution of
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.19. Anogeissus latifolia Botanical
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MAP SHOWINO DISTRIBUTION Of ,,. ,'
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-34 Fig. 3. A:- derchl indIcdI Bcdd
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Natural Distribution Native in Burm
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Fig. 37. Byrsonima crassifolia (Lit
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22. Cajanus cajan Botanical Name Ca
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oad, slightly flattened, ending in
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Fig. 39. Calliandra calothyrsus (Wo
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24. Cassia siamea Cassia siamea Lam
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Wood with thick, light brown or whi
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KEY TO 3 CASUARINA SPECIES DESCRIBE
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t I . rI, . '".C 0 / Fig. 41. Casua
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loams through sands to gravels, inc
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A h.... ..... ... A 7it Fig. 43. Ca
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Natural Distribution Native of trop
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Fig. 45. Casuarinaglauca (Maiden 19
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28. Colophospermum mopane Botanical
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Fig. 47. Distribution of Colophospe
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abwe, northern Namibia (South West
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Fig. 49. Dalbergiasissoo (Little et
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Pearson, R. C., aid H. P. Brown. 19
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Fig. 51. Derris indica (Beddorne 18
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Climate and Soils Humid tropical an
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' I . ..i..% . , Jb~~ tp Lv 'z T Fi
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References Beddome, R. H. 1869.74.
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e I C, 3' C140 Is CC* Ira w, V. 'C
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32. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Botani
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Fig. 57. Distribution of Eucalyptus
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33. Eucalyptus citriodora Botanical
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Page 141 and 142:
34. Eucalyptus globulus Botanical N
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Fig. 61. Natural distribution in th
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nia. Where native, occurs in pure s
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N I- Fig. 63. Eucalyptus gornphocep
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Maiden, J. H. 1914. A critical revi
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138~~~~~ -9 pl.~ ~~ ~10,fis 811 A 9
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is a closely Species Eucalyptus sal
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F i6 '. L >r.1-- Fin. 67'. A.icaly~
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season of up to 7 months. At southe
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Fig. 69. Eucalyptus occidentalis (M
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39. Eucalyptus robusta Botanical Na
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Fig. 72, Eucalyptus robusta In sout
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40. Eucalpytussaligna Botanical Nam
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
41. Eucalyptus tereticornis Botanic
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Fig. 76. Distribut~on of Eucalyptus
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42. Gleditsia triacanthos Gleditsia
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Fig. 78, Distribution of Gleditsia
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43. Gliricidia sepium Botanical Nam
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dish on exposure, hard, heavy, stro
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% L ,i, 2.5 pairs of side veins, up
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matches, and sawtimber for light co
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Fig. 82. Grevillea robusta ILittle
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46. Guazuma ulmifolia Botanical Nam
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Fig. 84. Presence of Guazuma uhnifo
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VA 'lb . 242; right, details of veg
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References Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Bot
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Climate and Soils Arid temperate or
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Fig. 87. Inga vera (Little and Wads
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50. Leucaena leucocephala Botanical
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of Leucaena leucocephala in Puerto
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51. Melaleua quinquenervia Botanica
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-t. .30 14 IS M quinquefevia Distri
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52. Melia azedarach Melia azedarach
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MAP SHOWING DISTRIBUTION % OF ",MEL
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53. Mimosa scabrella Botanical Name
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DA " FiroecooN4.Nbic€ s Fig. 97.
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54. Muntingia calabura Botanical Na
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Its main value is as showy ornament
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N Fig. 99. PArkinsoniaaculeata (Lit
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PINUS Common Names pine (English);
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0 / - Pjins balepensis isolated t o
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57. Pinus caribaea Botanical Name P
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NATURAL IST RIBUTION 0,0 PINUS CARI
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58. Pinus halepensis Botanical Name
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oxes, crates, mine timbers, railroa
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-4j I Fig. 105. Pithecellobhan dulc
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Common (Spanish). PKDSOPIS Names me
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KEY TO THE 7 PROSOPIS SPECIES DESCR
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Prosopis alba, left, flowering twig
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1 Fig. 108. Prosopis chilensis IMun
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Introduced into semidesert regions
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Fig. 110. I'rosopis cineraria(Beddo
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63. Prosopis farcta Botanical Name
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Wood of this low shrub available in
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1 Fig. 112. Prosopisjuiflrz, lSvens
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65. Prosopis paflida Botanical Name
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Presence of Prosopis patlida in Pue
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Fig. 115. Prosopistamarugo, left, p
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This species apparently was more wi
Page 261 and 262:
Fig. 117. Psidium guajava (Little a
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68. Robinia pseudoacacia Botanical
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L Fig. 119. Distribution of Rohinia
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,59. Sesbania bi3pinosa Sesbania bi
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Planted also for windbreaks, hedges
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Fig. 121. Sesbania grandiflora (Lit
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71. Syzygium cumini Botanical Name
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purple to black, with juice, sour,
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i 3 . -11M Fig. 123. Tamnarix aphyl
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Ill*0* 1530' 4P'I S : ' 5. _- .- .
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73. Tamarix chinensis Botanical Nam
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in United States. Average annual mi
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Fig. 128. Terminalia calappa (Littl
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about 3 cm long, 1 cm wide, oily, e
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75. Trema guineensis Botanical Name
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Fig. 132. Distribution of Trernagui
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Fig. 133. Trema micrantha (Little a
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77. Trema orientalis Botanical Name
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00 des Monsun Gebietee Fig. 136. Di
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Fig. 137. Trema polihoria (Lauterba
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Fig. 138. Ziziphits niauritiana(Lit
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in dry forests of India and Burma,
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Fig.F Fig. 140. Ziziphus spina.chri
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MANGROVES Botanical Names Rhizophor
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crabs, clams, and oysters, Habitats
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81. Avicennia germinans Botanical N
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17-N). // long. Flowers several, cr
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United States Department of Agricul
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Fig. 144. Avicennia marina (Sahni 1
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83. Avicennia officinalis Botanical
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Other Uses Used for piling for whar
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C Fig. 147. Bruguiera,gninirrhizalW
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cm in diameter, before falhng into
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Fig. 150. Ceriops ragal (Wight 1840
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86. Conocarpus erectus Coaocarpljs
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Be 06 as' as-Be Fig. 153. Distribut
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87. Laguncularia racemosa Botanical
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Fig. 155. Distribution of Languncul
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88. Rhizophora mangle Botanical Nam
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-. A. . I ., • ,I,. mcro~o~mk. B
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species of both Atlantic and Pacifi
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Fig. 159. Rhizophcra mucronata IWig
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P. Brown. 1932. Commercial timbers
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23 Fig. 162. Sonneratia caseolaris
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Index of Scientific Names Page numb
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Pongamiaglabra, 109 Pon.gamia pinna
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almendra, Terminalia calappa, 271 a
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cajaputi, Melaleuca quinquenervia,
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flooded-box, Eucalyptus microtheca,
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khejiri, Prosopiscineraria,231 kher
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mesquite, Prosopis, 222; Prosopis j
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pols doux, Inga vera, 183 pois doux
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torfa& Tinarix aphyIla. 263 turi, S
Page 367:
0 ) 0 I!n ID NQ 0 ~ o W -4 to 2I 12
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