10 february 2018_final

DL-SW-01/4087/18-20 

Regd. No. RN 36834/80 

BULLETIN 

February 2018 

I.S.S.N: 2348 – 1137 

Vol. 37, No. 9 - February, 2018 

MONTHLY BULLETIN POSTED NEW DELHI, P.S.O. 

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Price Rs - 10/- 

News From Non - Aligned World 

What’s New ? 

NAM encouraging Trade Flow 

among Members 

Vietnam-Egypt relations 

NAM Member States support 

Nagoya Protocol 

Non-Aligned Movement 

strengthening Multilateralism 

NAM Expresses concerns over 

Human Trafficking 

NAM supports Basel Convention 

on the Control of Trans boundary 

Movements of Hazardous Wastes 

and their Disposal 

Non-Aligned Movement striving 

for social development 

Mwalimu Nyerere’s legacy in the 

Non-Aligned Movement 

Website : www.e-nnw.com 

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Vol. 37, No.9 

Month of Publishing - February, 2018 

I.S.S.N: 2348 – 1137 

Regd. No. RN 36834/80 

DL-SW-01/4087/18-20 

Dr.(Mrs.) Pramila Srivastava 

Dr. Ankit Srivastava 

Himanshu Sharma 

Sujay Dhawan 

Pawan Kumar 

- Editor-in-Chief 

- Editor 

- Deputy Director, Research 

- Director, Administration 

- Director, Development 


A-2/59, Safdarjung Enclave 

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(India) 

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: Sudhir Printers, 151, Desh Bandhu Gupta Market, 

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Index 

• NAM encouraging Trade Flow among Members Pg.08 

• Vietnam-Egypt relations Pg.09 

• NAM Member States support Nagoya Protocol Pg.10 

• Non-Aligned Movement strengthening Multilateralism Pg.11 

• NAM Expresses concerns over Human Trafficking Pg.12 

• NAM supports Basel Convention on the Control of Pg.13 

Trans boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and 

their Disposal 

• Non-Aligned Movement striving for social development Pg.14 

• Mwalimu Nyerere’s legacy in the Non-Aligned Movement Pg.15 

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From Editor’s Desk 

Non-Aligned Movement is most effective multilateral body 

which looks after the interests of the developing world in global 

political, economic, as well as environmental affairs. NAM 

has strived for multilateralism in the international order and 

has called for further strengthen coordination and mutual 

cooperation among Member states in global institutions such 

as the United Nations. 

NAM aims at promoting social and economic development 

among the Member States. The movement emphasizes that it 

is necessary for developing countries to work hand in hand 

to reach a target reform of global financial and economic 

governance and structural design in order to establish an evenhanded, 

clear and autonomous international system. 

The Movement has also supported global initiatives for 

the protection of the environment. Non-Aligned Movement 

recognizes the importance of Strengthening the conservation 

and sustainable use of biological diversity and in this regards has 

actively supported the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol. 

Another major environmental issue facing the developing world 

is the Trans boundary movement of hazardous wastes. NAM has 

called for States to act in accordance with the Basel Convention 

on the Control of Trans- Boundary Movements of Hazardous 

Wastes and their Disposal. 

Over the years, Non-Aligned Movement has produced great 

leaders who have effectively articulated the principles of the 

Movement not only in their respective country but beyond 

it also. This issue highlights the legacy of Tanzanian leader 

Mwalimu Nyerere in the Non-Aligned Movement. 

Dr. (Mrs.) Pramila Srivastava 

Editor - in - Chief 

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News From Non -Aligned World 

NAM encouraging Trade Flow 

among Members 

By IINS Research Team 

One of the key reasons for the formation of the Non 

–Aligned Movement was to declare solidarity between 

nation states with a shared history of oppression and 

facing similar challenges of technological and economic 

development. The cold war which became the pretext of 

this new solidarity also influenced many political and 

cultural changes in many nation states. 

The need for NAM back then during Cold War ushered 

in with factions dividing the world into two grabbing 

for power creating a vacuum between US led West and 

Soviet Union leading the East turning other nations as 

mere pawns to their own game of power and authority 

on the global chessboard. However, NAM came into 

existence bringing a balanced outlook and catering 

and protecting also while strengthening the developing 

countries. But in the present where the relevance of 

NAM has been questioned again and again, Non- 

Aligned Movement has a very relevant and vital part to 

play with certain important issues facing the Southern 

countries on the globe. 

cooperation for industrial development, environment 

and sustainable development, human settlements, 

population, external debt, food and sustainable 

agricultural development, an Agenda for Development 

and renewal of the dialogue on strengthening 

international economic cooperation for development 

through partnership. NAM has urged the developing 

countries to review their development policies in view of 

“The Movement has not only sought a 

greater role in increasing the assertion of the 

developing world in the international order, 

but has also striven for active participation 

of its member state in international financial 

institutions, so as to ensure transparency 

and bridge the divide between the global 

North and the Global South. One of the major 

contributions of the Non–Aligned Movement 

towards this objective is the conceptualizing of 

the New Economic International Order (NEIO)” 

The Movement has not only sought a greater role in 

increasing the assertion of the developing world in 

the international order, but has also striven for active 

participation of its member state in international 

financial institutions, so as to ensure transparency 

and bridge the divide between the global North and 

the Global South. One of the major contributions of 

the Non–Aligned Movement towards this objective is 

the conceptualizing of the New Economic International 

Order (NEIO). 

Developing countries have lost their growth due to 

asymmetric global economic order. They have lagged due 

to technology deficiency, exploitation of their resources 

by developed countries and ever increasing debt 

burdens .They have fallen under dependency in under 

the unequal impact of globalization. Born out of the 

African-Asian Solidarity Conference held in Bandung, 

Indonesia, in 1955, the Non-Aligned Movement 

(NAM), created officially in Belgrade in 1961, allowed 

the Third World Countries to affirm an autonomous 

political existence and call for more equitable economic 

exchanges between North and South. NAM has cosponsored 

a number of resolutions presented by the 

Group of 77 on issues such as trade and development, 

the global economic situation. This involves issues like 

how the global south can rely less on exports to the West 

and rely more on domestic and regional demand and 

on South-South trade and investment, and promote a 

strong role of the state in economic policies, along with 

devising appropriate policies for industry, agriculture 

and services, including financial policy in developing 

countries. NAM has urged the need for South-South 

coordination and cooperation. As North-South relations 

go through difficult or tumultuous times, South-South 

solidarity and action is even more urgent. NAM has a 

critical role to play in this. 

From its inception, the idea of South-South cooperation 

was very much based on a model of solidarity among 

developing countries and collective self-reliance 

through various co-operation agreements to address 

common development challenges. The emergence of a 

number of large developing countries as major players 

on the international stage has brought the question of 

South-South co-operation to centre-stage once again. 

South-South ties, be it economic or political, are more 

Contd.....On Page 16 

February, 2018 

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Vietnam-Egypt relations 

By Dr. Ankit Srivastava, Editor 

Vietnam and Egypt will celebrate the 55th anniversary 

of the diplomatic relations between the two countries 

this year. The foreign policy of the two countries is based 

upon the principles of the Non-Aligned Movement. The 

traditional friendly and cooperative relations between 

Vietnam and Egypt have progressed smoothly. Egypt 

was one of the first Arab countries to establish relations 

with Vietnam. Vietnam has had its trade representative 

office in Egypt since 1958 and on September 1, 1963, 

the two countries formally established diplomatic ties. 

Relations between the two countries were further 

boosted by the visit of Egyptian President Abdel Fattah 

el-Sisi in Hanoi in September 2017 which bore fruitful 

results. During Abdel Fattah el-Sisi’s visit to Vietnam, 

both the countries expressed their pleasure over their 

sound affiliation at regional and international forums, 

including mutual support for each other when running 

for seats in United Nations agencies. The two nations 

regularly work together and support each other at 

international forums, with Egypt backing Vietnam’s 

application for the UN Security Council (2020 - 2021) 

and the UN Human Rights Council (2014 - 2016), and 

Vietnam backing Egypt’s admission to the UN Security 

Council (2016 - 2017) and the UN Human Rights 

Council (2017 - 2019). 

Vietnam President Tran Dai Quang said that his 

country valued Egypt’s role as a founding member of 

the Non-aligned Movement and its place in outlining the 

Movement’s basic principles on independence, national 

sovereignty and cooperation for mutual benefit and 

peace among nations. Quang emphasised that these 

principles uphold their value today and still serve as the 

guideline for the traditional friendship between Vietnam 

and Egypt. Quang expressed his belief that with the 

resolve of both sides’ leaders, the bi-lateral cooperation 

will continue to develop in a substantial manner, 

meeting the aspiration and interests of the people of 

the two countries and contributing to maintaining 

peace, stability, cooperation and development in each 

region and the world as a whole. 

Egypt and Vietnam have a robust trade relationship. 

Egypt is Vietnam’s second largest trade partner in 

Africa, with two-way trade revenues between them 

reaching US$316 million in 2016. Vietnam’s major 

exports to Egypt include seafood, automotive parts, 

fabrics, black pepper, coffee, rubber and consumer 


goods, while its main imports are chemicals, honey, 

petroleum products, milk and dairy products, fibers 

and consumer goods. Egypt was the first Northern 

African country to recognise Vietnam as a country with 

a full market economy in November 2013. 

“Vietnam President Tran Dai Quang said that 

his country valued Egypt’s role as a founding 

member of the Non-aligned Movement and its 

place in outlining the Movement’s basic principles 

on independence, national sovereignty and 

cooperation for mutual benefit and peace among 

nations. Quang emphasised that these principles 

uphold their value today and still serve as the 

guideline for the traditional friendship between 

Vietnam and Egypt.” 

The two countries decided to bolster bilateral 

cooperation in trade and investment, and agreed upon 

to create optimal conditions for businesses in order to 

access the respective markets, aiming to raise two-way 

trade to US$1 billion in the future. Sisi emphasised 

that Egypt serves as a gateway for Vietnam to enter 

the African and Middle East markets, and added that 

Egypt’s engagement in free trade agreements with 

Africa, Gulf States and Europe would make it easier 

for Vietnamese goods to access these markets. Sisi 

further stressed t that Egypt wishes to balance trade 

with Vietnam and called on the Vietnamese enterprises 

to invest in Egypt’s industrial parks. 

On the side-lines of Sisi’s visit, Egypt’s Minister of 

Investment and International Cooperation Sahar 

Nasr and Chairman of the Suez Canal Authority 

and the Suez Canal Economic Zone (SCZone) Vice- 

Admiral Mohab Mamish met Vietnamese Minister 

of Planning and Investment Nguyen Chi Dung. Nasr 

emphasised the importance of enhancing investment 

cooperation between both countries and encouraging 

the establishment of joint ventures between the private 

sectors in Egypt and Vietnam. Both sides agreed 

to sign a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in 

investment and the stock exchange, and have also held 

the Egyptian-Vietnamese Business Council. 


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February, 2018


NAM Member States support 

Nagoya Protocol 


The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources 

and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising 

from their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on 

Biological Diversity is a supplementary agreement to 

the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). 

It provides a transparent legal framework for the 

effective implementation of one of the three objectives 

of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits 

arising out of the utilization of genetic resources. The 

Nagoya Protocol on ABS was adopted on 29 October 

2010 in Nagoya, Japan and entered into force on 12 

October 2014, 90 days after the deposit of the fiftieth 

instrument of ratification. Its objective is the fair and 

equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization 

of genetic resources, thereby contributing to the 

conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. 

The objective of the Nagoya Protocol is addressed in 

Article 1. The text of this provision draws from the third 

objective of the CBD as stated in its own Article 1, and 

it refers to “the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits 

and to the transferred technologies have to be taken 

into account. Finally, it is highlighted that the Nagoya 

Protocol aims at contributing to the conservation of 

biodiversity and the sustainable use of its components. 

Non-Aligned Movement recognizes the importance of 

Strengthening the conservation and sustainable use of 

biological diversity and the fair and just international 

regime on access and benefit sharing that respect the 

sovereign rights, of States over their natural resources 

and promotes the fair and equitable benefit sharing 

from the utilization of genetic resources and associated 

traditional and local knowledge in the framework of 

the Convention on Biological Diversity and welcomed 

the coming into force of the Nagoya Protocol on 12 

October 2014. The Movement has encouraged the 

respective parties, in close collaboration with relevant 

stakeholders, to take concrete measures towards 

achieving the objectives of the Convention on Biological 

Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol, and in this regard 

emphasizes the need to comprehensively address 

at all levels the difficulties that impede their full 

implementation. 

“Non-Aligned Movement recognizes the 

importance of Strengthening the conservation 

and sustainable use of biological diversity and 

the fair and just international regime on access 

and benefit sharing that respect the sovereign 

rights, of States over their natural resources and 

promotes the fair and equitable benefit sharing 

from the utilization of genetic resources and 

associated traditional and local knowledge in 

the framework of the Convention on Biological 

Diversity and welcomed the coming into force of 

the Nagoya Protocol on 12 October 2014” 

arising from the utilization of genetic resources” as the 

main goal of the Protocol. Article 1 clarifies that such 

benefit-sharing includes appropriate access to genetic 

resources, appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, 

and appropriate funding. Accordingly, benefit-sharing 

entails more than sharing a certain percentage of the 

profits when a product is developed on the basis of a 

genetic resource. Furthermore, it is re-stated that when 

sharing benefits, the rights over the accessed resources 

NAM Member States have actively supported the 

implementation of the Nagoya Protocol. A few examples 

of such states are mentioned here. Nepal has ratified 

the Nagoya Protocol Access to Genetic Resources and 

the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from 

their Utilization (ABS) to the Convention on Biological 

Diversity. The endorsement of the protocol is expected 

to help Nepal establish its rights over genetic resources 

produced from Nepal. It will also help protect biodiversity 

and increase the access of the local community 

to natural resources, and the ability to forge agreements 

on sharing of benefits. 

South Africa ratified the Nagoya Protocol on 10 January, 

2013. South Africa is one of the first countries to 

regulate the protection and use of indigenous biological 

resources and associated traditional knowledge. In 

April 2008, regulations for bio-prospecting, access and 

benefit sharing came into effect to manage access to 

South Africa’s bio-resources. 

India ratified the Nagoya Protocol on 4 October 



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Non-Aligned Movement strengthening 

Multilateralism 


NAM was initiated to sustain peace within the developing 

nations but it also aimed at gaining economic stability 

and sufficiency in the member nations. During the years 

the focus of Non-Aligned Summits therefore shifted 

away from essentially politically issues, to the advocacy 

of solutions to global economic and other problems. 

Later submits of NAM were all the more concentrated 

on conducive policies for economic development 

utilizing and strengthening South-South cooperation. 

The Summit of Jakarta in 1992 was a turning point 

in Non-Aligned history since this was the first Summit 

after the end of the Cold War. It allowed the Movement 

to shift its focus in a direction that also enabled it to 

work across to groupings such as the G-7 and the EU. 

The founders of the Non-Aligned Movement and their 

successors recognised that the Movement would 

probably be destroyed if they created such formal 

structures for the Movement as a constitution and 

“The practice of the Movement is to make all 

decisions by consensus. Consensus has enhanced 

the solidarity and unity of the Movement. This 

concept presupposes understanding of and respect 

for different points of view, including disagreement 

and implies mutual accommodation on the basis of 

which agreement can emerge by a sincere process 

of adjustment among member nations in the true 

spirit of Non-Alignment” 


the same time also delegated certain responsibilities for 

promoting the principles and activities of the Movement. 

The Coordinating Bureau is the vocal point for 

coordination. The Bureau reviews and facilitates 

the harmonisation of the work of the NAM Working 

Groups, Contact Groups, Task Forces and Committees. 

The Heads of State or Government entrusted the 

Coordinating Bureau with the task of intensifying its 

actions to further strengthen coordination and mutual 

cooperation among Non-Aligned countries, including 

unified action in the United Nations and other 

international foray on issues of common concern. All 

NAM Working Groups, Contact Groups, Task Forces 

and Committees meet as often as necessary. In the 

fulfillment of their mandates due regard is paid to 

coordination, efficiency and preparedness. 

It is necessary that the NAM countries elected to the 

Security Council, and who form the NAM Caucus in 

the Security Council, constantly strive to adopt unified 

positions, and that the decisions and the positions of NAM 

as adopted at its Summits and Ministerial Conferences 

and by the Coordinating Bureau be properly reflected 

by them in the Security Council, without prejudice to 

their sovereign rights. In order to promote coordination 

and cooperation between the NAM and the Group of 77 

in promoting the interests of developing countries in 

international forum, a Joint Coordinating Committee of 

the two groups was established in 1994, which meets 

regularly in New York. 

internal secretariat. A multilateral trans-national 

organisation made up of states with differing 

ideologies and purposes could never create a rational 

administrative structure to implement its policies that 

all could accept. 

The Non-Aligned Movement has created a unique form 

of administrative style. Non-Aligned administration is 

non-hierarchical, rotational and inclusive, providing 

all member states, regardless of size and importance, 

with an opportunity to participate in global decisionmaking 

and world politics. The Summit is the occasion 

when the Movement formally rotates its Chair to the 

Head of State of the host country of the Summit, who 

then holds office until the next Summit. The Chair is at 

The practice of the Movement is to make all decisions 

by consensus. Consensus has enhanced the solidarity 

and unity of the Movement. This concept presupposes 

understanding of and respect for different points of 

view, including disagreement and implies mutual 

accommodation on the basis of which agreement can 

emerge by a sincere process of adjustment among 

member nations in the true spirit of Non-Alignment. 

The Cartagena Document on Methodology states that 

consensus, while signifying substantial agreement, 

does not require implying unanimity. In sensitive 

issues, the NAM tradition is to pay attention to 

openness and the holding of extensive consultations 

with the broadest possible participation. The Bureau 

of the Meeting, with its representative capacity, should 

render its assistance. 

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NAM Expresses concerns over 

Human Trafficking 


Human trafficking has become a serious transnational 

threat, threatening the security of not only the individual 

victims but entire communities as well. Article 3, 

paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and 

Punish Trafficking in Persons of the United Nations 

Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODOC) defines Trafficking 

in Persons as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, 

harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat 

or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, 

of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a 

position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of 

payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person 

having control over another person, for the purpose of 

exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, 

the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other 

forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, 

slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the 

removal of organs. 

The most common victims of human trafficking 

are women and children from poor, rural areas in 

developing countries. Non-Aligned Movement, which 

is the largest collective voice of the developing nations 

of the world, has expressed serious concerns over the 

issue of human trafficking. 

NAM has recognised that trafficking in persons and 

smuggling of migrants continue to pose a serious 

challenge to humanity and require concerted 

international response, based on cooperation and 

sharing of information, as appropriate. The Heads 

of State or Government of NAM Member States have 

also recognized the importance of cooperation and 

responsibility sharing among countries of origin, 

transit, and destination in addressing the problem 

of smuggling of migrants, as appropriate; and to that 

end, urged all States to devise, enforce and strengthen 

effective measures to prevent, combat and eliminate all 

forms of trafficking in persons to counter the demand 

for trafficked victims and to protect the victims, in 

particular women and children subjected to forced 

labour, or sexual or commercial exploitation, violence 

and sexual abuse. 

NAM Member States have undertaken a series of 

measures to combat the threat of human trafficking. A 

few initiatives are mentioned below. 

In South Asia, Bangladesh has a comprehensive law on 

TIP and a National Plan of Action to address all aspects of 

TIP and Cross Border Trafficking (CBT). The government 

has prioritized the training and sensitization of public 

prosecutors and law enforcement. A government-led 

Central Trafficking Committee is also in place with 

inter-ministerial presence and participation. India has 

implemented International Conventions on Trafficking. 

India has ratified the United Nations Convention on 

Transnational Organised Crime (UNCTOC) which has 

as one of its Protocols Prevention, Suppression and 

Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, particularly 

Women and Children. For dealing with cross border 

trafficking and to address the various issues relating 

to prevention of Trafficking, victim identification and 

repatriation and make the process speedy and victimfriendly 

between India and Bangladesh, a Task Force of 

India and Bangladesh has been constituted. 

In North Africa, Algeria is a transit and destination 

country for thousands of men, women and children 

originating from sub-Saharan African countries and 

wishing to reach Europe or the Middle East. . Algeria 

prohibits all forms of trafficking under Section 5 of 

its criminal code, enacted in March 2009. Prescribed 

penalties under this statute range from three to 10 

years’ imprisonment. 

Another Northern African country Morocco has 

demonstrated increasing efforts by enacting a new 

anti-trafficking law prohibiting all forms of trafficking 

and establishing an inter-ministerial anti-trafficking 

commission. It also worked to reduce vulnerability 

to trafficking by enacting a new law limiting child 

domestic work and by extending legal protections and 

social services to irregular migrants. 

Morocco has cracked down on human trafficking and 

illegal immigrants to the country by dismantling 80 

human trafficking networks and foiling 50,000 illegal 

immigration attempts in 2017. 

NAM Member States are actively engaged in combating 

the menace of human trafficking through devising 

effective anti-trafficking strategies and also through 

cooperation with the Border States. 


(12)

NAM supports Basel Convention on the 

Control of Trans boundary Movements of 

Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 

Non-Aligned Movement has regularly expressed 

its concerns over the environmental issues that 

adversely affect the international community and 

the developing world in particular. One such issue is 

the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. 

International, regional, and national rules and laws 

have been drafted, amended, and adopted on the issue 

of trans-boundary movement of hazardous waste. The 

priority has been placed on waste minimization and 

waste disposal at source. NAM has called for States 

to act in accordance with the Basel Convention on the 

Control of Trans- boundary Movements of Hazardous 

Wastes and their Disposal. 

The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans- boundary 

Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal 

was adopted on 22 March 1989 by the Conference of 

Plenipotentiaries in Basel, Switzerland, in response to 

a public outcry following the discovery, in the 1980s, in 

Africa and other parts of the developing world of deposits 

of toxic wastes imported from abroad. The overarching 

objective of the Basel Convention is to protect human 

health and the environment against the adverse effects 

of hazardous wastes. Its scope of application covers a 

wide range of wastes defined as “hazardous wastes” 

based on their origin and/or composition and their 

characteristics, as well as two types of wastes defined 

as “other wastes” - household waste and incinerator 

ash. 

The provisions of the Convention centre around the 

following principal aims: 1) the reduction of hazardous 

waste generation and the promotion of environmentally 

sound management of hazardous wastes, wherever 

the place of disposal; 2) the restriction of trans 

boundary movements of hazardous wastes except 

where it is perceived to be in accordance with the 

principles of environmentally sound management; 

and 3) a regulatory system applying to cases where 

trans boundary movements are permissible. The key 

discussion in Basel Convention is environmentally 

sound management. Environmentally sound management 

was adopted in 1994. The environmentally sound 

management of hazardous wastes has placed 

responsibilities on the operator of the facility that must 



be practiced to comply with the local regulation. On the 

other hand, the environmentally sound management is 

aim to harmonize the need to comply the regulation 

and the technology that available to treat the waste at 

the reasonable cost. On top of that, environmentally 

sound management also set the hierarchy of waste 

management, which first emphasized the waste 

avoidance or waste minimization then recovery, reuse, 

recycling and finally disposal 

NAM Member States have been taking steps for 

the effective management of hazardous wastes and 

meeting the obligations of the Basel Agreement. 

India ratified the Basel convention on 24 June 1992. 

India has been taking measures for the effective 

“One such issue is the transboundary movement 

of hazardous wastes. International, regional, 

and national rules and laws have been drafted, 

amended, and adopted on the issue of transboundary 

movement of hazardous waste. The priority 

has been placed on waste minimization and waste 

disposal at source. NAM has called for States to 

act in accordance with the Basel Convention on the 

Control of Trans- boundary Movements of Hazardous 

Wastes and their Disposal” 

management of hazardous wastes and thereby meeting 

the obligations of the Basel Convention. The Hazardous 

and Other Wastes (Management & Trans boundary 

Movement) Rules, 2016 was notified to ensure the safe 

handling, processing, treatment, storage, collection, 

transportation, collection, and disposal of hazardous 

waste. 

Another NAM Member State Zimbabwe is a signatory 

to the Basel Convention. The transit and movement of 

hazardous substances and hazardous waste into and 

through Zimbabwe is governed by the Environmental 

Management Act. 

Malaysia became a party to the Basel Convention in 

October 1993. To control the illegal trans boundary 


(13) 



Non-Aligned Movement striving for 

social development 


The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) came into existence 

during the first conference of Heads of State of nonaligned 

countries that took place in Belgrade in 

September 1961. Representing newly-independent 

developing countries, the movement and its policies 

can be directly linked to the decolonisation process 

with the initial years of political engagement in world 

affairs characterised by anti-imperialist slogans and 

the denunciation of colonialism, apartheid and racism. 

The movement since its inception has always believed in 

promoting the rule of law and respect for it at all levels 

which will ensure the maintenance of international peace 

and security, achieving socioeconomic development. The 

movement emphasizes that it is necessary for developing 

countries to work hand in hand to reach a target reform 

of global financial and economic governance and 

structural design in order to establish an even-handed, 

clear and autonomous international system. 

The aspirations of this type need sustained economic 

growth in developing countries to achieve their aims 

which are essentially eradication of poverty, food, 

health, education, employment, housing and social 

integration. 

The members of the Non-Aligned movement committed 

themselves to these goals in the Copenhagen summit. 

The Cartagena summit was marked by affirmation 

towards the achievement of these goals, inclusion of 

effective international cooperation was also included 

in the proclamation. The leaders of various states 

also recalled the commitment by the world leaders 

during the World Social Summit that the eradication 

of poverty requires decisive national and international 

cooperation. 

The eradication of poverty more than its ethical dilemma 

for a nation is a social and economic imperative and 

can only be achieved through a multi-dimensional 

approach which combines programs targeted to 

meet the basic needs of all and ensure access of all 

opportunities, resources and protection of everyone. 

Nationally governments need to substantially increase 

public expenditure for social development, developed 

countries and international organizations need to 

assist in providing both the required financial and 

technological resources. The leaders stressed that such 

an investment would underline solidarity and increase 

equity, productivity and welfare. 

Community services need to ensure full participation 

in social sector, the leaders promised to tackle these 

problems with modern services which increases wider 

coverage and ensures a better quality of resources. 

Social development is the first step towards progress, 

which ensure better conditions of equity, economic 

productivity, social solidarity and political participation, 

the greatest priority shall still be given to the more 

vulnerable social strata and to the least developed 

countries. 

These goals if achieved would lead to better employment 

opportunities, the social strategy should further 

emphasize the development of human resources 

in order to take full advantage of opportunities. The 

leaders reiterated that education should be one 

of the foundations to achieve social and economic 

development. The leaders also declared that such 

development policies should incorporate social security 

systems which include health services and improving 

the efficiency of social security programs for the most 

vulnerable group. A healthy habitat is indispensable 

for the improvement of the standard of living of each 

member states population. There should be adequate 

public services, disaster prevention and response 

mechanisms. 

The heads of various governments renewed their 

commitment to promote social integration and attain 

economic stability, ensure the promotion of justice and 

defense of all human rights and the propagation of 

values of democracy and the spirit of solidarity. It was 

further called on all states to endorse the principles 

of United Nations and following its guidelines urged 

nations to define terrorism and to differentiate it from 

the struggle for national liberation and to ensure 

effective measures for concerted action . 

The sanctity of freedom of speech and the right to selfdetermination. 

In this context it was also stressed that 

movements of people struggling against colonial or alien 

domination and foreign occupation did not constitute 

terrorism. 


(14)

Mwalimu Nyerere’s legacy in the Non- 

Aligned Movement 

By Dr. Pawan Mathur 

Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922–1999), 

the first president of the United Republic of Tanzania 

(1964–1985) was a prominent figure in Non-Aligned 

Movement. Nyerere embraced NAM as a symbol of 

Third World Unity. Nyerere supported the principles 

of the NAM on detente, disarmament, development, 

anti-colonialism and the struggle for a reshaping of the 

international economic order. 

Nyerere called for an active involvement in world politics 

to achieve the principles enshrined in the Non-Aligned 

Movement. At the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or 

Government of Non-Aligned Countries held in Havana, 

Cuba in 1979, Nyerere remarked that “the Non-Aligned 

Conference is not an organization of neutrals bound 

to some kind of neutrality in international arguments. 

On the contrary, we have positive policy commitments 

of our own. First we are a group of States committed 

to fight against imperialism in all its forms. The Non- 

Aligned States are, by definition, anti-colonialist and 

anti-imperialist, and we are committed to the struggle 

against those forces”. 

Nyerere develop the philosophical basis of African 

socialism in what he referred to as Ujamaa. When 

Tanzania became a republic and he was elected 

president in 1962, he pointed out that in the new 

society under construction, development must be 

human-centered and closely linked to freedom: ‘For 

the truth is that development means development of 

the people. Development brings freedom, provided it is 

development of the people”. 

In January 1967, President Nyerere presented to the 

Tanzania African National Union (TANU), the country’s 

ruling party, a program to be implemented throughout 

Tanzanian society as the basis of a socialist policy. This 

program, which TANU adopted, became known as the 

Arusha Declaration. 

The Declaration emphasized the following key policies 

of socialism and self-reliance: (1) the need to build a 

society where no person exploits another, everybody 

works and reaps a fair return for their labour; all major 

means of production and exchange in the nation are 

controlled and owned wholly or in part by the peasants 

through their democratically elected government 


and cooperatives; (2) the need to de-emphasize the 

importance of money and industries as starting points 

of development; and (3) The need to de-emphasize 

urban development and focus on rural development. 

The Arusha Declaration was one of the most important 

statements of principle in relation to the development 

problems facing the developing world. 

Nyerere furthered his principles in what he referred 

as the Economic South. Nyerere was nominated to 

chair the South Commission at the NAM meeting in 

1986. He recognized the need to strengthen South- 

South cooperation in international affairs. In 1987 the 

South Commission was formally established under expresident 

Nyerere’s chairmanship and subsequently 

produced its report The Challenge to the South in 1990 

which called for greater South-South cooperation. He 

chaired the South Commission from 1987 to 1989, 

when it became the South Centre. 

Nyerere reiterated his commitment towards establishing 

South-South cooperation at various international 

forums. At the Opening Ceremony of the Second 

Meeting of the Council of Representatives at the U.N. 

Trusteeship Council in New York on the 21st September 

“Nyerere called for an active involvement in world 

politics to achieve the principles enshrined in the 

Non-Aligned Movement. At the Sixth Conference 

of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned 

Countries held in Havana, Cuba in 1979, Nyerere 

remarked that “the Non-Aligned Conference is not 

an organization of neutrals bound to some kind 

of neutrality in international arguments. On the 

contrary, we have positive policy commitments 

of our own. First we are a group of States 

committed to fight against imperialism in all its 

forms. The Non- Aligned States are, by definition, 

anti-colonialist and anti-imperialist, and we are 

committed to the struggle against those forces” 

1998, he stated that “If we in the developing countries 

arc to shape our own destiny, and participate fully 

in shaping the future and the nature of the world in 

which we live in, we have to have an effective voice. But 

we will not have that effective voice if we do not work 

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together, at least in some areas of vital concern to all of 

us. Together we can reduce our separate weaknesses. 

Acting together we can become stronger; we can gain 

at, least some more influence In the world” 

Nyerere’s total commitment to global equality, 

solidarity, and eradication of poverty made him one of 

the most respected, persistent, and principled voices 

for the underdeveloped world at the Non-Aligned 

Movement and the South Commission. In recognition 

of his exceptional contribution to global justice and 

equality for over three decades, for example, Nyerere 

was unanimously elected the first chair of the South 

Commission He also earned the Nehru Award for 

International Understanding in 1976. 

In 1982, he was awarded the Third World Prize by the 

Indian Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. 

In 1985, he received the Beyond War Award for his 

distinguished service to humanity. In 1987, he was 

recognized with Lenin Peace Prize (erstwhile Soviet 

Union’s equivalent of Nobel Peace Prize) for his tireless 

efforts to build a just and peaceful world. 

NAM encouraging Trade Flow...... 

important now than they have ever been. But within the 

broader concept of South-South co-operation, there is 

also a specific development co-operation dimension. It 

typically combines aid with investment and enhanced 

Contd.....from Page 8 

market access opportunities. The southern actors are 

delivering “expertise and financial support to foster 

the economic and social welfare of other developing 

countries”. 

Vietnam-Egypt rela...... 

The two countries have agreed to increase the exchange 

of delegations through Government, National Assembly, 

locality, and people-to-people links and connection 

between the two business communities, along with 


continuously promoting the efficiency of the existing 

cooperation mechanisms such as the Intergovernmental 

Committee and political consultations, thus 

strengthening mutual understanding. 

NAM Member States support ...... 

2012. India has participated actively and contributed 

meaningfully in the ABS negotiations which formally 

started about six years back. The objective of the 

Nagoya Protocol on ABS is fair and equitable sharing 

of benefits, arising from the use of genetic resources, 

including by appropriate access to genetic resources 

and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies. 

Contd.....from Page 10 

NAM Member States recognise the importance of the 

Nagoya Protocol as it will create greater legal certainty 

and transparency for both providers and users of genetic 

resources by establishing predictable conditions for 

access to genetic resources, and by helping to ensure 

benefit-sharing when genetic resources leave the 

country providing the genetic resources. 

NAM supports Basel Convention...... 

movement of hazardous waste on the local level, 

Malaysia has set up stringent act which state that 

under the Section 34(B), Environmental Quality Act 

1974. As per the legislation in Malaysia, No person 

shall: a) Place, deposit or dispose of, or cause or permit 

to place, deposit or dispose of, except at prescribed 

premises only, any scheduled wastes on land or into 


Malaysian waters; b) Receives or send, or cause or 

permit to be received or sent any scheduled wastes in 

or out of Malaysia; or c) Transit or cause or permit the 

transit of scheduled wastes. From the above examples, 

it can be seen that NAM Member States are committed 

towards the management of hazardous wastes and the 

protection of environment. 


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DL-SW-01/4087/18-20 

Regd. No. RN 36834/80 Total Pages - 20 

Date of Publication - 9-2-2018 

Date of Posting - 10, 11 February, 2018 


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