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RESEARCH, EDUCATION & MEDICINE RISK MITIGATION WHEN THINGS GO WRONG EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS By Francois Burman, Pr. Eng, MSc. History teaches us that accidents are always possible, thus we should have plans in place to mitigate them. Clients as well as staff, bystanders, dive professionals and the dive business itself are subject to risk. Emergency action plans (EAPs) are essential tools for dive professionals and dive businesses. These plans typically provide information needed in case a dive accident occurs, although this consideration is usually limited to traditional diving activities or expected problems. Comprehensive EAPs must address a variety of risk areas, and few people understand what goes into identifying, compiling, reviewing and qualifying a truly effective EAP. This article is the first in a series that will cover the essentials of planning an effective and practical emergency procedure to help mitigate diveindustry-related incidents. First we’ll consider where emergencies are likely to occur. The risks vary by dive center, dive professional and area of operation, so we need a careful analysis to identify the real issues. Here is at least a partial list of possible risks to help identify areas of concern. • At the dive center: fires; explosions of high-pressure cylinders, gas tanks or containers of hazardous fluids; contact with chemicals or other hazardous materials; injuries from electrocution; social unrest or other involvement with aggressive people • At the pool and training areas: exposure to hazardous substances (such as chlorine); medical Dive operators must be prepared for in-water accidents, but they must also be prepared for hazards unrelated to diving. STEPHEN FRINK Available oxygen and trained staff are among the most crucial elements of emergency preparedness. emergencies (including from preexisting health problems); injuries (from slipping, diving, falling or lifting heavy objects); drowning • While diving: traumatic injuries from propellers, ladders, slipping, diving or heavy objects, for example; encounters with hazardous marine life; lost divers; drowning; medical emergencies due to health conditions; entry and exit hazards associated with rocky shores or difficult-to-access caves or pools • During transportation (on land or on the water): fire; inclement weather; capsizing; loss or incapacitation of people; launch accidents; road accidents; hijacking of a vessel or vehicle Beyond the most readily identifiable risks are others that, though unlikely, warrant consideration and preparedness. These may be present in any of the areas listed previously or elsewhere: • a lost, abducted or wounded guest • unacceptable or aggressive behavior by a guest, staff member or visitor • sudden ill health or a medical emergency • criminal activity or arrest, death or homicide involving a guest or staff member An important location-specific aspect of emergency planning that should be addressed for all areas considered in an EAP is the availability and reliability of local emergency medical and law-enforcement services. By illustrating these hazards and their potential locations, we hope to inspire dive businesses and selfemployed dive professionals to think through their EAPs in greater depth. There will always be risks, but with better knowledge, understanding and preparedness we can reduce uncertainty and better contain the consequences of the hazards we will eventually face. <strong>AD</strong> STEPHEN FRINK 72 | FALL <strong>2017</strong>
Be Ready To Respond Every day, divers and emergency response personnel around the world trust DAN’s oxygen units and first-aid kits to perform in an emergency. That’s because DAN’s products have been developed, tested and refined with input from leading doctors and researchers to meet the discriminating requirements of the diving community. So be ready to respond. Explore DAN.org/STORE and make sure you are prepared to effectively handle an emergency situation with the latest safety equipment. SOFT-SIDED EXTENDED-CARE BACKPACK DAN’s lightweight, soft-sided, easy-to-transport oxygen unit holds one Jumbo D cylinder that delivers approximately 45-60* minutes of oxygen. Its large mesh pockets, deep stuff-pocket and dual external zipper pockets offer ample storage for a range of accessories. This bag is equipped with an adjustable backpack harness system that distributes weights for added comfort over long distances. Includes a brass multifunction regulator, demand valve with hose, nonrebreather mask, oronasal resuscitation mask and Tru-Fit mask. RESCUE PAK DAN’s Rescue Pak is a compact oxygen unit featuring a smaller M9 cylinder that delivers approximately 14-20 * minutes of oxygen. This unit also comes complete with a brass multifunction regulator, demand valve with hose, nonrebreather mask, oronasal resuscitation mask, Tru-Fit mask, and a waterproof Pelican 1450 case. Ideal for wet environments and locations closer to emergency assistance. DAN OXYGEN TRAINING Emergency Oxygen for Scuba Diving Injuries Course This course teaches the techniques of emergency oxygen administration for suspected diving injuries and nonfatal drowning. Students will learn the fundamentals of recognizing dive injuries and responding to and managing dive emergencies. Learn more at DAN.org/TRAINING DAN.org/STORE
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AD 2017 Q4

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