S03 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAM 5 Answers (Ashworth College)

S03 HUMAN GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT EXAM 5 Answers
(Ashworth College)
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human-growth-and-developmentexam-5-answers-ashworth-college/
S03 HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT EXAM 5 Answers (Ashworth College)
Question 1 of 40
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Four-year-old Alex and his mother visited the zoo. While they were there, Alex’s mother took
him to see the squirrel exhibit. Alex saw many different types of squirrels, but when he saw a
flying squirrel glide from one branch to the next, he pointed and said, “A bird.” Considering
Piaget’s work, Alex is demonstrating an example of:
A. scheme. B. accommodation. C. object permanence. D. assimilation.
Question 2 of 40
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Piaget’s Substage 6: Beginnings of thought occurs for children in the age range of:
A. 12-18 months of age. B. 18-24 months of age. C. 8-14 months of age.
D. 12-14 months of age.
Question 3 of 40
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Baby Dionne is playing in her crib and reaches to pull back a blanket that is partially covering
the teddy bear that she wants to play with. Piaget would say that this is an example of:
A. secondary circular reactions.
B. first habits and primary circular reactions.
C. coordination of secondary circular reactions.
D. tertiary circular reactions.

Question 4 of 40
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A baby is in the crib while a swarm of relatives hovers, calling the baby’s name, and making
cooing sounds. There is a radio playing in the background and sounds emanate from the
television in the living room. All the while, the baby’s mother is trying to get the baby’s
attention to get ready for his or her feeding. The baby is most likely to attend to the mother’s
face and voice. This is an example of:
A. automatization. B. information processing. C. encoding. D. memory.
Question 5 of 40
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What is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded, stored, and retrieved?
A. Encoding B. Automatization C. Categorization D. Memory
Question 6 of 40
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Rebecca wants her baby to stop playing and come across the room to her. Rebecca uses a short
phrase such as “Come to Mommy” to prompt her baby. This is an example of:
A. holographic speech. B. universal grammar.
C. learning theory approach. D. infant-directed speech.
Question 7 of 40
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What is the term for an organized pattern of functioning that adapts and changes with mental
development?
A. Assimilation B. Scheme C. Reception D. Skill
Question 8 of 40
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What is the term that Piaget used to explain the process in which people understand an
experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking?
A. Scheme B. Assimilation C. Accommodation D. Operational stage
Question 9 of 40
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Piaget argued that infants acquire knowledge through:
A. sensation. B. perception. C. facts communicated by others.
D. direct motor behavior.
Question 10 of 40
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What is the name for the rules that govern the meaning of words and sentences?
A. Phonology B. Semantics C. Morphemes D. Grammar

Question 11 of 40
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What is the term for the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen?
A. Magic B. Illusion C. Imagination D. Object permanence
Question 12 of 40
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The outdated term for infant-directed speech is:
A. nativist language. B. universal grammar.
C. expressive style. D. motherese.
Question 13 of 40
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Information processing focuses on __________ changes in infants, while Piaget’s theory focuses
on __________ changes in infants.
A. quantitative; qualitative B. effective; efficient
C. qualitative; quantitative D. surreal; real
Question 14 of 40
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Piaget’s Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions stage occurs for infants in the age range of
__________ months of age.
A. 12-18 B. 8-12 C. 6-8 D. 12-14
Question 15 of 40
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Climbing stairs, riding a bike, and eating breakfast are all examples of what type of memory?
A. Long term B. Implicit C. Explicit D. Short term
Question 16 of 40
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Which of the following is a type of speech directed toward infants, characterized by short,
simple sentences?
A. Infant-directed speech B. Universal grammar
C. Nativist approach D. Language-acquisition device
Question 17 of 40
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Glada is 7 months old. Her mother has been playing with her using age-appropriate toys. Glada
has begun to engage in the concepts of object permanence. Her mother feels she should have
totally grasped the concepts of object permanence and is concerned her daughter may have
developmental issues. What could a developmental specialist tell Glada’s mother regarding this
concept?
A. It takes several months for the concept to be fully comprehended, and Glada will make certain
kinds of errors.
B. Unanticipated events are treated as interesting, and also as something to be explained and
understood.
C. Glada will proceed at her own pace.
D. Imitation is a huge factor with this concept, and Glada’s mother needs to present more
attainable tasks.
Question 18 of 40
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Piaget thought that the repetition of a chance motor event that helps the baby start building
cognitive schemes is a process called:
A. first habits. B. assimilation. C. circular reaction. D. accommodation.
Question 19 of 40
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What is the term that refers to a style of language use in which language is used primarily to
convey feelings and needs related to oneself and others?
A. Underextension B. Overextension C. Referential D. Expressive
Question 20 of 40
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In Piaget’s sensorimotor period, the first substage is called:
A. first habits and primary circular reactions.
B. schemes. C. assimilation. D. simple reflexes.
Part 2 of 2
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Question 21 of 40
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Eight-month-old Elisha’s crib is located near a large mirror on her dresser, yet Elisha barely ever
stops to look at herself in the mirror. On the other hand, her 18-month-old sister, Amanda, stops
regularly to gaze at herself as she crawls around on the floor near the full-length bathroom
mirror. What is the likely reason that Amanda looks at the mirror but Elisha does not?
A. Amanda has developed self-awareness, or knowledge of herself.
B. Amanda’s self-awareness has begun to develop into narcissism.
C. Elisha has developed self-awareness, but is too interested in other things to look at herself.
D. Amanda’s mother has given her more attention than she’s given Elisha.

Question 22 of 40
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What is the term that relates to one’s sense of being male or female?
A. Social perceptions B. Gender C. Sex D. Gender roles
Question 23 of 40
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What is the term that means the intentional search for information about others’ feelings to help
explain the meaning of uncertain circumstances and events?
A. Social smile B. Nonverbal decoding C. Social referencing
D. Nonverbal encoding
Question 24 of 40
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The dysfunction of __________ may be related to the development of disorders involving theory
of the mind as well as autism.
A. attachment B. mirror neurons C. cerebral cortex D. cerebellum
Question 25 of 40
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Two-year-old Baby Angela attends day care five days a week because she has a single mother
who works. This means that Angela falls into the group of close to __________ of children
between the ages of 4 months and 3 years who are cared for by other adults.
A. 25% B. 50% C. 66% D. 75%
Question 26 of 40
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What is Erikson’s term for the period during which toddlers (aged 18 months to 3 years) develop
independence and autonomy if they are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and self-doubt
if they are restricted and overprotected?
A. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development
B. Autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage
C. Temperamental stage
D. Trust-versus-mistrust stage
Question 27 of 40
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Neuroscientists have discovered growth spurts in the brains of children who are __________
years of age, a time associated with the development of language abilities.
A. 3 to 4 B. 1½ to 2 C. 2 to 3 D. 1 to 3

Question 28 of 40
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According to Erikson, when do we all pass through the trust-versus-mistrust stage?
A. first 12 months of life B. first 18 months of life
C. first 2 years of life D. first 5 years of life
Question 29 of 40
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When young children are using speech that is spoken and directed to themselves, this is called:
A. egocentric speech. B. syntax. C. fast mapping. D. private speech.
Question 30 of 40
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What research could a developmental psychologist rely on when explaining to parents infant
interaction and adult attention to children’s faces?
A. Attachment represents a reaction to people around the infant.
B. Infants sociability is expressed in primitive ways during the first 6 months.
C. Behaviors and cognitive imitation are essential for positive recognition of interactions.
D. Brain scanning techniques have found that the facial features of infants activate a specialized
structure in the brain called the “fusiform gyrus” within an interaction.
Question 31 of 40
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All of the following may be a factor in how much a preschooler weighs and how tall he/she is
EXCEPT:
A. sex; boys tend to gain more weight and height than girls.
B. global economics; children in developing countries like Bangladesh do not gain weight and
height as quickly as children living in Sweden.
C. poverty; U.S. children living in families whose income falls below the poverty level are likely
to be shorter than children from affluent homes.
D. the quality of preschool; children who attend quality preschool programs receive better snacks
and lunches.
Question 32 of 40
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What is the sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from
another?
A. The differences in the lives they lead
B. Differences based on gender and race
C. Personality
D. The nature of the families in which they grow up

Question 33 of 40
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When an infant uses his/her abilities to interpret others’ facial and vocal expressions that carry
emotional meaning, this is called:
A. nonverbal encoding. B. nonverbal decoding.
C. a social smile. D. communication.
Question 34 of 40
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Which attachment pattern describes a style of attachment in which children display a
combination of positive and negative reactions to their mothers? They show great distress when
the mother leaves, but upon her return they may simultaneously seek close contact but also hit
and kick her.
A. Ambivalent attachment pattern
B. Avoidant attachment pattern
C. Secure attachment pattern
D. Disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern
Question 35 of 40
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Parents in China, Japan, and the United States all see the benefits of preschools in a different
way. What do Japanese parents view as the most likely benefit of preschool?
A. Academic head start B. Developing a sense of independence
C. Experience of being a member of a group
D. Learning about the child’s family history
Question 36 of 40
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A child demonstrates the kind of attachment where the mother is used as a “home base” and the
child is at ease when she is present, but the child gets upset when she leaves, and then the child
goes to the mother as soon as she returns. This is called:
A. Bowlby safety and security pattern.
B. Ainsworth safety and security pattern.
C. secure attachment pattern.
D. strange situation pattern.
Question 37 of 40
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Children who show the __________ attachment pattern show inconsistent, contradictory, and
confused behavior such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her.
A. ambivalent B. disorganized-disoriented
C. avoidant D. secure

Question 38 of 40
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What is the term for the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular
individual?
A. Connection B. Care giver C. Attachment D. Reliance
Question 39 of 40
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When a young child begins to learn how to take turns in conversation, stay on topic, and give
appropriate responses such as “please” and “thank you,” the child is demonstrating knowledge
of:
A. egocentric speech. B. pragmatics. C. social speech. D. fast mapping.
Question 40 of 40
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Developmental psychologists have found that children can benefit from involvement in some
form of __________ before they enroll in formal schooling, which takes place at ages 5 or 6 in
the U.S.
A. quality television watching B. quality child care
C. educational activity D. socialization with peers