2012 AGM Synopsis of Technical Papers - ELGI
2012 AGM Synopsis of Technical Papers - ELGI
2012 AGM Synopsis of Technical Papers - ELGI
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Key Speaker<br />
”Life in 2050”<br />
Dr. Ulrich Eberl<br />
Siemens AG Corporate Communications and Government Affairs<br />
Technology Press and Innovation Communications CC MR 1<br />
Dr. Ulrich Eberl is one <strong>of</strong> the most renowned science and technology journalists in Germany. He studied physics<br />
and received his doctorate from the <strong>Technical</strong> University Munich for an interdisciplinary thesis on the first trillionths<br />
<strong>of</strong> a second <strong>of</strong> photosynthesis. Starting in 1988, he worked as a freelance journalist for various newspapers and<br />
magazines, writing hundreds <strong>of</strong> articles on topics ranging from evolution and nanotechnology to space research<br />
and the excavation <strong>of</strong> ancient Troy. After working for Daimler's technology publications from 1992 to 1995, Dr.<br />
Eberl joined Siemens in 1996 as the director <strong>of</strong> its worldwide innovation communications. His particular interest is<br />
in futurology, and since 2001 he has been the Editor in Chief and publisher <strong>of</strong> Pictures <strong>of</strong> the Future, a magazine<br />
for research and innovation that has already won several international awards in Europe and the USA. In a survey<br />
<strong>of</strong> 900 science journalists that was conducted in 2009, Ulrich Eberl was voted the best media spokesperson for<br />
corporate research in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In 2007, he acted as co-publisher <strong>of</strong> the book "Innovative<br />
Minds" which tells the story <strong>of</strong> 30 innovators and reveals how innovations take shape in a global company. His new<br />
book "Life in 2050" - published in 2011 - vividly describes the key trends that will influence our life in the future and<br />
how we ourselves can help to invent the world <strong>of</strong> tomorrow.<br />
Life in 2050 – Technologies that will Shape the World <strong>of</strong> Tomorrow<br />
We are on the threshold <strong>of</strong> a new era. Our planet’s climate is at risk. The century <strong>of</strong> oil is coming to an<br />
end, and the world’s energy supply must be put on a new and sustainable foundation. In 2050, the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> people living in cities will be almost as large as the world’s entire population today — and for<br />
the first time in history, there will be more senior citizens than children and young people.<br />
Page 1
That’s why researchers, inventors, and engineers must be more creative today than ever before. Robots<br />
as household servants, sensory organs for electric cars, buildings as energy traders, computers as<br />
medical assistants, farms in skyscrapers, ceilings made <strong>of</strong> light, power plants in deserts and on the high<br />
seas, supercomputers the size <strong>of</strong> peas, virtual universities, online factories — these are not visions but<br />
almost tangible realities in laboratories worldwide.<br />
For ten years now, Dr. Ulrich Eberl, head <strong>of</strong> Siemens’ innovation communications, has published a<br />
magazine called Pictures <strong>of</strong> the Future which has been exploring the world <strong>of</strong> tomorrow. Pictures <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Future has been investigating future trends and identifying the important technologies that will shape our<br />
lives in the coming decades. In his new book Life in 2050. Ulrich Eberl provides for the first time a<br />
compact, clearly structured summary <strong>of</strong> the key developments that will determine how we live in the<br />
decades ahead. Considered in the light <strong>of</strong> trends in society, business, and politics, these developments<br />
point the way forward as we journey into the future.<br />
In his presentation at <strong>ELGI</strong> <strong>2012</strong> meeting in Munich, Ulrich Eberl will give insights into the laboratories <strong>of</strong><br />
the people who create the future and exciting glimpses <strong>of</strong> the world <strong>of</strong> tomorrow. He will show that the<br />
challenges <strong>of</strong> the 21st century can be mastered - if we keep our minds open to potential solutions and<br />
have the courage to invent the world <strong>of</strong> tomorrow.<br />
M: +49 (174) 1560089<br />
ulrich.eberl@siemens.com<br />
Dr. Ulrich Eberl<br />
Siemens AG Corporate Communications and Government Affairs<br />
Technology Press and Innovation Communications CC MR<br />
Wittelsbacherplatz 2<br />
80333 München, Deutschland<br />
Tel.: +49 (89) 636-33246<br />
Fax: +49 (89) 636-35292<br />
Dr. Eberl’s book on Life in 2050 (with video) will be available for 19.95€ at the <strong>ELGI</strong> <strong>AGM</strong> in<br />
Munich.www.siemens.com/innovation/lifein2050<br />
Magazine Pictures <strong>of</strong> the Future: www.siemens.com/p<strong>of</strong><br />
Siemens’ innovation website: www.siemens.com/innovation<br />
Page 2
<strong>Synopsis</strong> <strong>2012</strong> <strong>Technical</strong> Presentations<br />
Grease Production Survey<br />
The 2010 NLGI Production Survey will be presented and reviewed.<br />
Paul R Grives<br />
ExxonMobil Oil Corporation<br />
Fuels, Lubricants, and Specialty Chemicals Marketing Company<br />
paul.r.grives@exxonmobil.com<br />
Paul Grives is employed by ExxonMobil as the Global Industrial Marketing Manager located in Fairfax Virginia, USA. He holds a<br />
BS in Chemistry from Fordham University, a BS in Chemical Engineering from Columbia University, an MS in Polymer Science<br />
from Columbia University, and an MBA from the University <strong>of</strong> Houston. He has over 23 years experience in grease, joining<br />
ExxonMobil in 1989 at the Mobil Research and Development Center, Paulsboro New Jersey, USA as a grease researcher. Over<br />
time, he has held numerous positions within ExxonMobil in research, plant engineering, global engineering and plant design,<br />
production & operations, quality assurance, and technical service before being appointed to his current position in 2011.<br />
Paul has been an active member <strong>of</strong> NLGI since 1990, obtaining the CLGS Certification in 2006. He has served on the NLGI<br />
Board <strong>of</strong> Directors since 2009. NLGI awarded Paul the Clarence E. Earle Award in 2000 for his contribution to the technical<br />
literature pertaining to grease and the Shell Lubricants Award for Instructor Excellence in 2011.<br />
Paul has also been an active member <strong>of</strong> STLE since 1995, obtaining CLS Certification in 1996. He has been a participating<br />
member <strong>of</strong> <strong>ELGI</strong> since 2009.<br />
Page 3
Future <strong>of</strong> the Grease Market in Germany<br />
Karl-Josef Minis<br />
Fuchs Europe Schmierst<strong>of</strong>fe GmbH<br />
Entwicklung Schmierfette/ R&D Lubricating Greases<br />
Mannheim - Germany<br />
Karl-Josef.Minis@fuchs-europe.de<br />
Karl-Josef Minis holds a diploma in Mechanical Engineering from the University <strong>of</strong> Applied Science Aachen, Germany. From<br />
1984-1987 he was employed as design engineer at Case International, located in Neuss, Germany. In 1988 he joined Fuchs<br />
Europe Schmierst<strong>of</strong>fe GmbH as an application engineer. Over the years his position changed from Product Manager Lubricating<br />
Greases in 1990 to the Head <strong>of</strong> Product Management Lubricating Greases for Germany in 1993. Since 2005 he is the Head <strong>of</strong><br />
European Product Management Greases.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
This presentation will show the current situation <strong>of</strong> the German grease market compared with the global<br />
and European situation and give an outlook to its future. Focus is set on the challenges which lubricating<br />
manufacturers have to meet according to customers’ demands, but also with regard to availability <strong>of</strong> raw<br />
materials and legislation. The ongoing discussions concerning the reduced consumption <strong>of</strong> fossil fuels<br />
and subsequent reduction <strong>of</strong> carbon dioxide emissions finally reached the lubricating grease<br />
manufacturers who are now forced to raise the efficiency <strong>of</strong> industrial and automotive components. Due<br />
to the dramatic raw material situation and future increasing demands lubricating greases become more<br />
and more a basic machine element to fulfil complex requirements.<br />
Page 4
Influence <strong>of</strong> Grease Components on the Tribological Behaviour <strong>of</strong> Rubber Seals<br />
Dipl.-Ing. Max Sommer<br />
Co-authors: Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr.-Ing. Werner Haas<br />
Institut für Maschinenelemente<br />
Stuttgart - Germany<br />
max.sommer@ima.uni-stuttgart.de<br />
2010: Degree in Mechanical Engineering (Dipl.-Ing.). Since June 2010: Research Assistant at the University <strong>of</strong> Stuttgart<br />
(Institute <strong>of</strong> Machine Components, Sealing Technology)<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
Rolling bearings are more and more lifetime lubricated with grease instead <strong>of</strong> with oil. Therefore<br />
a reliable sealing <strong>of</strong> greases is essential. However, the tribological behaviour in the grease<br />
lubricated sealing gap is mostly unknown. But the knowledge <strong>of</strong> this behaviour is essential for<br />
an optimized design <strong>of</strong> seals.<br />
The complex tribological system <strong>of</strong> a rubber seal is reduced to an experimental model and tested on a<br />
ring-on-disc tribometer. This model will be shown. The results <strong>of</strong> investigations will be presented. The<br />
aim <strong>of</strong> these investigations is to evaluate the influence <strong>of</strong> grease components on the temperature and<br />
friction torque <strong>of</strong> the tribological system.<br />
Page 5
Surface Analysis – A Powerful Tool in the Development and Testing <strong>of</strong> New<br />
Lubricants<br />
Dr. Adam Orendorz<br />
Co-authors: Dr.-Ing. Marius Kuhn, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Philipp Staub, Dr. Michael Rankl<br />
Klüber Lubrication München KG<br />
Munich - Germany<br />
Adam.Orendorz@klueber.com<br />
2003 Diploma in Physics, University <strong>of</strong> Kaiserslautern, Germany<br />
2008 Doctoral Degree in Surface Physics, <strong>Technical</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Kaiserslautern, Germany<br />
2008 – 2010: Research Trainee at Freudenberg Forschungsdienste KG, Weinheim, Germany<br />
Since 2010: Specialist for material and surface analysis at Klüber Lubrication München KG, Munich, Germany<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
Generally, new lubricants have to pass tribological and chemical tests before they can be used in a<br />
specific application. Due to shorter product development times, more ambitious specifications and more<br />
rigid environmental laws, the development <strong>of</strong> new lubricants has become more and more challenging.<br />
Therefore, it is necessary to understand how lubricants act in the lubrication gap and whether there are<br />
ways to improve their performance.<br />
Since the 1970’s, surface analysis techniques have been used to characterize processes taking place<br />
between two friction bodies. These techniques are usually very specialized. Revealing a specific kind <strong>of</strong><br />
information, e.g. element distribution, structure or topology <strong>of</strong> a surface, these techniques can help to<br />
understand and to solve tribological problems.<br />
Based on several examples it is shown in which cases applied surface analysis can solve tribological<br />
questions that occur during the testing <strong>of</strong> lubricants. Furthermore, benefits <strong>of</strong> coordinated teamwork<br />
between chemical development, surface analysis and tribological testing in the lubricant development<br />
process are pointed out.<br />
Page 6
Tribotesting - A Tool for Quality Management?<br />
Gregor Patzer<br />
Optimol Instruments Prüftechnik GmbH<br />
München - Germany<br />
gregor.patzer@optimol-instruments.de<br />
Gregor graduated from Munich University <strong>of</strong> Applied Sciences with a master’s degree in engineering physics (Dipl. Ing. FH) in<br />
2010. Before joining Optimol Instruments Prüftechnik as a specialist for wear measurement with radionuclides in 2010 he<br />
acquired additional qualifications in radiometry and radiation protection. Gregor is head <strong>of</strong> the Tribotesting Institute at Optimol<br />
Instruments and is also responsible for standards development and quality assurance methods for tribotesting equipment.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
Tribotesting - a tool for quality management?<br />
Tribological test machines such as the SRV® are employed, amongst other uses, in quality management<br />
and in the performance rating <strong>of</strong> lubricants. To establish a valid basis for comparison between customer<br />
and supplier, different departments or production sites there is a strong need for test results providing<br />
proven precision.<br />
This paper highlights what the term precision implies in tribotesting and recommends suitable laboratory<br />
work practices ensuring reliable results.<br />
Page 7
Friction and Wear Process within the Grease Film<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Erik Kuhn<br />
MuT Inst. <strong>of</strong> Eng.Des. and Prod.Dev.<br />
Hamburg University <strong>of</strong> Applied Sciences<br />
Hamburg - Germany<br />
Erik.Kuhn@haw-hamburg.de<br />
Erik Kuhn studied mechanical engineering (diploma 1978), welding technology (1982) and tribology technology (1985). He<br />
received the Doctors degree in 1987 at Magdeburg University. Since 1991 he worked as Pr<strong>of</strong>essor for machine elements and<br />
tribology at Hamburg University <strong>of</strong> Appl. Sciences. He is head <strong>of</strong> the Laboratory <strong>of</strong> Machine Elements and Tribology, is teaching<br />
tribology at different universities, is organiser <strong>of</strong> the Arnold Tross Colloquium, member <strong>of</strong> different program committee and<br />
editorial board.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the grease lubricated contacts are situated in the state <strong>of</strong> mixed friction. To quantify the part <strong>of</strong><br />
liquid friction which comes from the lubricating grease it is necessary to analyse the contact relation (fluid<br />
element-fluid element) and to get an idea <strong>of</strong> the irreversible effects caused by friction.<br />
This paper presents some thoughts about the energy consumption during the shear process (friction) <strong>of</strong><br />
the grease film. The determination <strong>of</strong> energy densities is possible with the help <strong>of</strong> rheometer tests. The<br />
friction process leads to irreversible changes <strong>of</strong> the grease structure. An interpretation <strong>of</strong> oscillating<br />
rheometer tests delivers some interesting information about the degradation process. Some further<br />
steps will be presented to model the tribological process in the sense <strong>of</strong> energy stress-energy release by<br />
using thermodynamic ideas.<br />
Page 8
Wear Behaviour <strong>of</strong> Grease Lubricated Gears<br />
M.Sc. Johann-Paul Stemplinger1 Co-authors: Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Stahl1 , Pr<strong>of</strong>.i.R. Dr.-Ing. Bernd-Robert Hoehn1 , Dr.-Ing. Klaus<br />
Michaelis1 , Dr.-Ing. Hans-Philipp Otto1 , Dr.-Ing. Michael Hochmann2 1: Technische Universitaet Muenchen TUM, Mechanical Engineering, Gear Research Center FZG,<br />
Munich, Germany<br />
2: Klueber Lubrication Muenchen KG, Marketing and Application Engineering, Munich, Germany<br />
sj@fzg.mw.tum.de<br />
Johann-Paul Stemplinger is Associate to Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr.-Ing. K. Stahl, at FZG since 2009. Studies <strong>of</strong> Mechanical Engineering, <strong>Technical</strong><br />
University Munich, M.Sc.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
For lubrication <strong>of</strong> open gear drives applied in rotary furnaces, <strong>of</strong>ten gear greases are used as well as for<br />
lubrication <strong>of</strong> gear boxes in difficult sealing conditions. The selection <strong>of</strong> the gear grease influences<br />
strongly the wear behaviour.<br />
Investigations with flow greases NLGI 00 were made in a back-to-back test rig determining the weight<br />
loss due to wear according to the standardised procedure ISO 14635 part 3. Different influences like<br />
base oil viscosity, thickener type and additional solid lubricant type were analysed. Only the type and<br />
amount <strong>of</strong> solid lubricant shows a significant influence on the weight loss due to wear. Finally, a linear<br />
wear coefficient clT according to the calculation method <strong>of</strong> the wear amount according to Plewe is<br />
derived and can be used to transfer the test results to any gears in practice.<br />
Page 9
Specialty Lubricants Tailored for Current and Future Brake System Components<br />
Dr. Detlev Hesse<br />
Dow Corning GmbH<br />
Wiesbaden - Germany<br />
detlev.hesse@dowcorning.com<br />
Detlev graduated 1989 as MSc <strong>of</strong> chemistry (Diplom Chemiker) from the University Goettingen/Germany. In 1991 he completed<br />
his PhD in science (inorganic chemistry and microbiology) and following employment as scientist at University <strong>of</strong><br />
Goettingen/Germany. 1992 he joined Dow Corning as S&T chemist for synthetic lubricants in Munich/Germany. His<br />
responsibilities are Application Engineering and <strong>Technical</strong> Service (AETS) senior specialist for lubricants Europe; laboratory<br />
supervisor lubricants; AETS for viscous fan clutch fluids EU.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
Safety and comfort continue to be growing requirements for brake devices in the automotive market.<br />
Trouble-free performance under changing conditions is mandatory, therefore selection <strong>of</strong> the right<br />
lubricant is one <strong>of</strong> the most challenging tasks for brake system designers and engineers. Ordinary<br />
lubricants <strong>of</strong>ten cannot meet the increased technical demands. Good lubricity for “wet” lubricants is a key<br />
requirement. In many applications, specialty lubricants are required to perform under extreme<br />
conditions, e.g., low and high temperatures, variable speeds and loads, exposure to water and dust, etc.<br />
Good compatibility with elastomers used in automotive brake systems is also essential. State <strong>of</strong> the art<br />
lubricants should <strong>of</strong>fer features such as corrosion protection, reduced noise, dampening, sealing, and<br />
insulating properties. Last, but not least, they should be non- toxic, environmentally friendly, and fulfil all<br />
international regulatory requirements.<br />
In friction materials, solid, i.e., “dry” lubricants provide a high and uniform friction coefficient, even under<br />
high temperature conditions. Furthermore, they help to reduce noise and judder.<br />
This paper discusses the use and benefits <strong>of</strong> several different types <strong>of</strong> lubricants, including specialty<br />
greases, pastes, compounds, anti-friction coatings, and synergistic solid lubricants in brake system<br />
applications that range “from the brake pedal to the brake pad.”<br />
Page 10
Traction Motor Gear Compound: Effect <strong>of</strong> Base Oil and Additives on Rheological<br />
and Thermal Properties <strong>of</strong> TMGC<br />
N. K. Pokhriyal, V. Kumar, S. C. Nagar, T. P. George, E. Sayanna, R. T. Mookken, B. Basu and R. K.<br />
Malhotra<br />
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Research and Development Centre, Faridabad, Haryana India<br />
pokhriyalnk@iocl.co.in<br />
sayannae@iocl.co.in<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
In view <strong>of</strong> the increased power <strong>of</strong> diesel locomotives and augmented loads on axles and gearboxes,<br />
design <strong>of</strong> lubricating grease for lubrication <strong>of</strong> traction motor gearbox <strong>of</strong> diesel locomotives is a challenge.<br />
Complexity <strong>of</strong> the nature <strong>of</strong> inputs used in making such lubricant makes it even more difficult. Due to the<br />
imbalance <strong>of</strong> components <strong>of</strong> lubricant, water/dust ingress, poor maintenance, etc., frequent solidification<br />
or leakage <strong>of</strong> traction motor gear compound (TMGC) during operation is observed. The present study<br />
focuses on preparation and characterization <strong>of</strong> a Lithium base TMGC and effects on rheological and<br />
thermal properties <strong>of</strong> TMGC with respect to i) type and viscosity <strong>of</strong> base oil & ii) additives chemistries<br />
and dosages. Results obtained are discussed on the basis <strong>of</strong> the matrix homogeneity and dispersion <strong>of</strong><br />
additives in matrix.<br />
Page 11
The Financial Implications <strong>of</strong> Data Generation for Chemical Registration under<br />
REACH<br />
Paul Whitehead<br />
WCA Environment Limited<br />
paul.whitehead@wca-environment.com<br />
Paul Whitehead is a Principal Consultant for wca environment ltd, an independent consultancy company providing<br />
advice on the fate and effects <strong>of</strong> chemicals in the natural and industrial environments. Paul is an American Board<br />
Certified Toxicologist and has spent many years practising toxicology in various industries, including the chemical<br />
and pharmaceutical sectors. He has previously worked in the lubricants business sector for 11 years and currently<br />
works closely with the ERGTC (European REACH Grease Thickener Consortium). Paul is also a Fellow <strong>of</strong> the<br />
British Toxicology Society, Fellow <strong>of</strong> the UK Royal Society <strong>of</strong> Chemistry, and Chairman <strong>of</strong> its Environment, Health<br />
& Safety Committee.”<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
REACH (the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation <strong>of</strong> Chemicals) is a complex and expensive piece <strong>of</strong><br />
European legislation which is now well into its second phase. The cost to industry for compliance is very<br />
high, and there are specific requirements to avoid the use <strong>of</strong> experimental animals for data generation as<br />
far as practically possible. This presentation will review the options to fulfil REACH data endpoints by the<br />
use <strong>of</strong> surrogate data, category justification, read-across, etc. The vulnerabilities <strong>of</strong> such approaches will<br />
also be explored.<br />
Page 12
Low Temperature Tribology – A Study <strong>of</strong> the Influence <strong>of</strong> Base Oil Characteristics<br />
on Friction Behaviour under Low Temperature Conditions<br />
Mehdi Fathi-Najafi<br />
Senior <strong>Technical</strong> Coordinator –Nynas AB<br />
Co-authors: Pär Nyman; Statoil Lubricants R&D / Daniel Hedlund; Process Technology -Nynas AB<br />
Thomas Norrby, Pr<strong>of</strong>; Statoil Lubricants R&D<br />
mehdi.fathi-najafi@nynas.com<br />
Mehdi Fathi-Najafi holds a M.Sc. from Chalmers University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, as well as a Licentiate <strong>of</strong><br />
Engineering in Chemical Technology (also from Chalmers). Mehdi worked within the grease industry for almost 13 years as a<br />
Senior Development engineer, before he joined Nynas AB as a Senior <strong>Technical</strong> Coordinator in 2008. Mehdi has one patent<br />
and has published articles in a dozen publications covering a variety <strong>of</strong> specialist areas, including filtration, grease composition<br />
and applied rheology.<br />
Keywords: Tribology, Coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction, Rheology, Low temperature, Naphthenic oil, Paraffinic oil,<br />
Base oil, Differential Scanning Calorimetery.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
A literature review <strong>of</strong> tribology at temperatures below zero degrees centigrade suggests that very little<br />
work has been done in this field. Publications in this field are mainly focused on lubricants for refrigerant<br />
compressors, space and aeromotive applications. In the Northern hemisphere there are numerous<br />
applications which are subjected to low temperatures such as automotive transmissions and hydraulic<br />
systems for outdoor use etc. for extended periods during the winter season.<br />
This study aims to increase the understanding <strong>of</strong> low temperature tribology. It relates tribological<br />
phenomena to test data from rheology measurements and data from calorimetric studies <strong>of</strong> phase<br />
transitions at different temperatures. Results indicate that there indeed is a relationship between these<br />
three quite different methods <strong>of</strong> characterizing oils at low temperatures. Studies have been made on six<br />
different base oils and one additive.<br />
The measured coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction (μ) as a function <strong>of</strong> the sliding speed and temperature show different<br />
behaviour for the base fluids, depending on the applied temperature and the sliding speed. At low sliding<br />
speeds, μ is rather constant for all the samples, whereas at higher speeds some <strong>of</strong> them show both<br />
increased and decreased μ depending on parameters such as the rheological behaviour <strong>of</strong> the fluid<br />
Page 13
Understanding the Additive Requirements for Formulating a High Performance<br />
Ecolabel Grease<br />
Paul Robinson<br />
Research Chemist / Applied Sciences<br />
Lubrizol Ltd.<br />
United Kingdom<br />
paul.robinson@lubrizol.com<br />
Paul is a Research Chemist in the Applied Sciences department at Lubrizol’s Hazelwood site in the UK. Paul’s work includes<br />
supporting the Driveline and Industrial lubricant business segments with technical support and innovation. Paul is the technical<br />
lead on several long-term research and development projects in the areas <strong>of</strong> Manual Transmission Fluids (MTF) and Grease<br />
lubricant products. Paul joined Lubrizol in 2008 after completing his studies at Loughborough University, where he gained a BSc<br />
(Hons) degree in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry before completing his Ph.D research in the area <strong>of</strong> Organic Synthetic<br />
Chemistry at the same institute. Paul is a Member <strong>of</strong> the Royal Society <strong>of</strong> Chemistry (MRSC), Energy Institute (EI) grease test<br />
method working groups and is currently transitioning into a new role as a Technology Manager in the Engine Oils business<br />
segment.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
The Ecolabel is a European Union voluntary scheme which was established in 1992 aimed at promoting<br />
environmentally friendly products. The Ecolabel encompasses many different product and service<br />
categories but it wasn’t until 2005 that a new product class was added for lubricant products. In recent<br />
years there has been a growth in interest in the EU Ecolabel and the number <strong>of</strong> products available has<br />
increased. The number <strong>of</strong> Ecolabel lubricants currently on the market is 97, but less than 10% <strong>of</strong> those<br />
are grease products.<br />
There is some scepticism in the market place regarding eco-friendly lubricants and there is an<br />
assumption that they will provide lower performance in both the bench testing used to meet<br />
specifications, and in the actual field <strong>of</strong> use. Our work detailed in this paper will present the challenges<br />
faced when formulating an Ecolabel grease with a high level <strong>of</strong> performance. Thickener and base fluid<br />
type must be carefully selected in order to meet the strict Ecolabel criteria, but also to yield a base<br />
grease in which additive technology can be used to provide a high level <strong>of</strong> performance.<br />
Page 14
Currently the EU Ecolabel document stipulates that a grease should have a performance level ‘fit for<br />
purpose’. This could be open to interpretation and may potentially lead to eco-friendly greases having<br />
lower performance compared to <strong>of</strong>ten more cost efficient mineral based products. So for the purposes <strong>of</strong><br />
this paper we will define a high level <strong>of</strong> performance as meeting the ASTM D4950 GC and LB criteria for<br />
wheel bearing and chassis grease respectively.<br />
A range <strong>of</strong> un-additised base greases were produced in base fluids suitable for Ecolabel certification.<br />
These base greases were initially evaluated against the GC-LB test criteria and several areas <strong>of</strong><br />
underperformance were discovered. Base grease response to current commercially available additive<br />
packages was then carried out and this yielded several interesting findings. The design <strong>of</strong> a specific ec<strong>of</strong>riendly<br />
additive package was then undertaken in order to meet both Ecolabel criteria and GC-LB<br />
performance.<br />
Page 15
A Centrifiltergram Maker for Solid Debris Separation from used Grease Samples<br />
as for Predictive and Proactive Maintenance <strong>of</strong> Greased-Lubricated Bearings<br />
Surapol Raadnui<br />
Faculty <strong>of</strong> Engineering, KMUTNB, Thailand<br />
s_raadnui@yahoo.co.uk, srr@kmutnb.ac.th<br />
Surapol Raadnui received his first degree in Engineering from Prince <strong>of</strong> Songkhla University, Thailand, in 1985. He worked for<br />
six years as a Maintenance Engineer in the Royal Thai Naval Dockyard before taking up a position with the King Mongkut’s<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand as a lecturer. He had his PhD from the University <strong>of</strong> College <strong>of</strong><br />
Swansea, United Kingdom, in 1995. His research interests are: Fundamental Tribology, Wear Particle Tribology, Used Oil and<br />
Grease Analysis, Proactive & Predictive Maintenance, Maintenance Management. He is an author/co-author <strong>of</strong> 60 international<br />
papers and three international patents (WIPO).<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
The Centrifiltergram maker is designed to separate solid particles from used grease samples for viewing<br />
under a microscope. A simple centrifuge unit centrifuges the diluted used grease sample through a set <strong>of</strong><br />
filter patches and dried them quickly to allow for immediate examination. One used grease sample will<br />
provide multiple patches (large particles, medium size particles & small size solid particles). In addition<br />
multiple used grease samples can be processed simultaneously. This procedure involves “centrifuging” a<br />
diluted grease sample passing through a series <strong>of</strong> filter elements to produce more than one<br />
centrifiltergrams simultaneously utilization <strong>of</strong> the Particle Separating Tube (PST).<br />
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Grease Analysis in Rotor and Blade Bearings <strong>of</strong> Wind Turbines<br />
Steffen Bots<br />
Co-author: Peter Weismann<br />
Oelcheck GmbH<br />
Germany<br />
sb@oelcheck.de<br />
Steffen Bots studied industrial engineering at the University <strong>of</strong> Applied Science in Rosenheim. He graduated in 2004 with a diploma thesis on an<br />
internet based application for publishing and organising fresh oil information. Since 2004 he has been working as a member <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Technical</strong><br />
Department at Oelcheck as an engineer with the following fields <strong>of</strong> responsibilities: evaluation <strong>of</strong> the laboratory results; creating diagnostic<br />
statements on laboratory reports; consulting services regarding questions about the laboratory reports; general tribological problems in the field<br />
<strong>of</strong> proactive maintenance. His experience is based on the evaluation <strong>of</strong> nearly 100.000 samples and he shares his experience during training<br />
courses and conferences.<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
The analysis <strong>of</strong> used greases is much more complicated as the used oil analysis. Only a few laboratories<br />
in the world are specialized in an in-depth analysis <strong>of</strong> used greases based on extremely small sample<br />
volumes.<br />
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False Brinelling Test (Riffel) for Wind Turbine Grease<br />
Jaime Spagnoli<br />
ExxonMobil Products Research & Technology<br />
USA<br />
jaime.spagnoli@exxonmobil.com<br />
Jaime received his B.S. in Engineering Technology from Trenton State College, New Jersey. He has spent Thirty-six years<br />
working at ExxonMobil in technical services and lubricant research and development with over 25 years <strong>of</strong> experience in grease<br />
R&D. He is currently working as a Senior Researcher in the Industrial Lubricants & Grease Section at ExxonMobil Research<br />
and Engineering. He is a member and active participant in STLE, NLGI and <strong>ELGI</strong> activities and past Chairman <strong>of</strong> ASTM Sub<br />
Committee G. He is the recipient <strong>of</strong> the NLGI Chevron Author award in 2010. He is an NLGI Certified Lubricating Grease<br />
Specialist (CLGS).<br />
<strong>Synopsis</strong><br />
The Riffel test has been developed to simulate the bearing conditions seen in wind turbine applications.<br />
In particular, a common finding is that blade bearings require specialty greases to protect against false<br />
brinelling, which is a result <strong>of</strong> frequent vibration and limited distribution <strong>of</strong> grease in the bearing. In<br />
addition, wind turbine applications are exposed to wet environments as more <strong>of</strong>f-shore wind farms are<br />
established. Based on its intended application <strong>of</strong> being able to simulate these harsher environments, the<br />
Riffel test has become a key performance requirement for obtaining wind turbine builder approvals. The<br />
Riffel test is a fretting wear and corrosion test where a stationary ball bearing is subjected to an<br />
alternating load while an aqueous solution is injected into the bearing. After completion <strong>of</strong> the test, the<br />
bearing is analyzed for wear scar depth and a visual corrosion rating. This presentation will review the<br />
operating parameters <strong>of</strong> the test.<br />
Page 18
Testing Greases to Determine their Suitability for the Long Term Lubrication <strong>of</strong><br />
Electrical Grid Circuit Breakers<br />
Paul Bessette<br />
Triboscience & Engineering<br />
USA<br />
Paul is currently president <strong>of</strong> Triboscience & Engineering, Inc. and has been involved with synthetic lubricants for thirty-two<br />
years. TS&E was established in 2000 and initially provided consulting services. Since 2005, TS&E has gravitated towards<br />
manufacturing specialty lubricants for both domestic and foreign customers with an emphasis on PFPE’s Bessette spent<br />
twenty-four years at Nye Lubricants and three years at Ciba-Geigy. Vice Chairman <strong>of</strong> NLGI Grease Education Course for ten<br />
years. NLGI Fellows Award, Meritorious Service Award, Achievement Award, Clearance E. Earle Memorial Award and Author’s<br />
Award. He is currently an associate editor for Tribology, Transactions, Journal <strong>of</strong> Synthetic Lubricants and peer reviewer for<br />
NLGI. He is a member <strong>of</strong> STLE, NLGI, and ASTM. BS Chemistry form Lowell Technological Institute, Graduate work polymer<br />
chemistry Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, MBA University <strong>of</strong> Massachusetts at Dartmouth. Clients have included Engineered<br />
Custom Lubricants, DuPont, Castrol, Lubrication Technologies, Kyodo Yushi, Honeywell, HP, NASA and others. Research<br />
interests include: improving methods <strong>of</strong> grease filtration, vapour pressure <strong>of</strong> synthetic lubricants, thermooxidative stability, low<br />
temperature rheology <strong>of</strong> oils and greases, and advanced rolling element bearings greases.<br />
This paper discusses ongoing research to determine the suitability <strong>of</strong> grease for the long term lubrication<br />
<strong>of</strong> industrial circuit breakers. Circuit breakers require greases for cams, shafts, gears, and rolling<br />
element bearings. The application requires a grease to remain serviceable for twenty years, the<br />
response <strong>of</strong> a circuit breaker must be almost instantaneously after prolonged periods <strong>of</strong> inactivity, and<br />
temperatures range from frigid to tropical. However, new models are fitted with internal heaters<br />
maintaining a temperature <strong>of</strong> 40ºC. Mineral oil grease, synthetic hydrocarbons and silicone greases<br />
were evaluated for thermooxidative stability by pressure differential scanning calorimetry, volatility by<br />
thermogravimetric analysis, long term oil separation, and tribological effectiveness by four ball<br />
tribometry. Results are reported along with a brief discussion <strong>of</strong> the difficulties correlating accelerated<br />
laboratory tests with expected performance in the field<br />
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