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Faulkner, A., and S. Layzell, 2000,Faulkner, A., and S. Layzell Strategies for Living: a Report <strong>of</strong> user-led research into People’s Strategies for Living with Mental Distress 2000: London, Mental Health Foundation. 34. Seybold, K. S., and P. C. Hill, 2001, <strong>The</strong> Role <strong>of</strong> Religion and <strong>Spirituality</strong> in Mental and Physical Health: Current Directions in Psychological Science, v. 10, no. 1, p. 21-24. 35. Weaver, A. J., L. T. Flannelly, J. Garbarino, C. R. Figley, and K. J. Flannelly, 2003, A systematic review <strong>of</strong> research on religion and spirituality in the Journal <strong>of</strong> Traumatic Stress : 1990-1999: Mental Health, Religion & Culture, v. 6, no. 3, p. 215-228. 36. Gartner, J., 1996, Religious commitment, mental health and prosocial behaviour: a review <strong>of</strong> the empirical literature, in EP Shafranske ed., Religion and the clinical practice <strong>of</strong> psychology: Washington DC, APA, p. 187-214. 37. Mental Health Foundation, 1999, <strong>The</strong> Fundamental Facts: all the latest facts and figures on mental illness: London, Mental Health Foundation. 38. Mental Health Foundation, 2006, Fundamental Facts: London, Mental Health Foundation. 39. Frankl, V. E., 1962,Frankl, V. E. Man’s Search for Meaning: From Death Camp to Existentialism: Boston, Beacon Press. 40. Karp, D., 1996,Karp, D. Speaking <strong>of</strong> Sadness: Depression, Disconnection and the Meanings <strong>of</strong> Illness: New York, Oxford University Press. 41. Beck, A. T., 1967,Beck, A. T. Depression: Causes and treatments: Philadelphia, University <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania Press. 42. Burnard, P., 1990, Learning to care for the spirit: Nurs.Stand., v. 4, no. 18, p. 38-39. 34 <strong>The</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> spirituality upon mental health
References 43. Gibert,P, V Nicholls. Inspiring Hope: Recognising the importance <strong>of</strong> spirituality in a whole person approach to mental health. 2003. London, NIMHE. 44. Olszewski, M. E., 1994, <strong>The</strong> effect <strong>of</strong> religious coping on depression and anxiety in adolescents, Valley Library, Corvallis OR. 45. McCullough, M. E., and D. B. Larson, 1999, Religion and depression: a review <strong>of</strong> the literature: Twin.Res., v. 2, no. 2, p. 126-136. 46. Koenig, H. G., L. K. George, and B. L. Peterson, 1998, Religiosity and remission <strong>of</strong> depression in medically ill older patients: Am.J.Psychiatry, v. 155, no. 4, p. 536-542. 47. Seligman, M. E., L. Y. Abramson, A. Semmel, and B. C. von, 1979, Depressive attributional style: J.Abnorm.Psychol., v. 88, no. 3, p. 242- . 247. 48. Seligman, M. E., 2000, Optimism, pessimism, and mortality: Mayo Clin.Proc., v. 75, no. 2, p. 133-134. 49. Richards, P. S., L. Owens, and S. Stein, 1993, A religiously oriented group counseling intervention for self-defeating perfectionism: A pilot study: Counseling & Values, v. 37, p. 96-104. 50. Wright, L. S., C. J. Frost, and S. J. Wisecarver, 1993, Church attendence, meaningfulness <strong>of</strong> religion, and depressive symptomology among adolescents: Journal <strong>of</strong> Youth and Adolescence, v. 22, p. 559-568. 51. Koenig, H. G., 1999, How does religious faith contribute to recovery from depression?: Harv.Ment.Health Lett., v. 15, no. 8, p. 8. 52. Boscaglia, N., D. M. Clarke, T. W. Jobling, and M. A. Quinn, 2005, <strong>The</strong> contribution <strong>of</strong> spirituality and spiritual coping to anxiety and depression in women with a recent diagnosis <strong>of</strong> gynecological cancer: Int.J.Gynecol.Cancer, v. 15, no. 5, p. 755-761. 53. Koenig, H. G., D. O. Moberg, and J. N. Kvale, 1988, Religious activities and attitudes <strong>of</strong> older adults in a geriatric assessment clinic: J.Am.Geriatr.Soc., v. 36, no. 4, p. 362-374. 54. Baider, L., and M. Sarell, 1983, Perceptions and causal attributions <strong>of</strong> Israeli women with breast cancer concerning their illness: the effects <strong>of</strong> ethnicity and religiosity: Psychother.Psychosom., v. 39, no. 3, p. 136-143. 55. Ai, A. L., C. Peterson, T. N. Tice, S. F. Bolling, and H. G. Koenig, 2004, Faith-based and secular pathways to hope and optimism subconstructs in middle-aged and older cardiac patients: J.Health Psychol., v. 9, no. 3, p. 435-450. 56. Hodges, S. D., S. C. Humphreys, and J. C. Eck, 2002, Effect <strong>of</strong> spirituality on successful recovery from spinal surgery: South.Med.J., v. 95, no. 12, p. 1381-1384. 57. Kirkwood, G., H. Rampes, V. Tuffrey, J. Richardson, and K. 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American Psychiatric Association, 2000,American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual <strong>of</strong> Mental Disorders DSM IV-R: Chicago, American Psychiatric Association. 68. Mohr, S., and P. Huguelet, 2004, <strong>The</strong> relationship between schizophrenia and religion and its implications for care: Swiss.Med.Wkly., v. 134, no. 25-26, p. 369-376. 69. Kirkpatrick, H., J. Landeen, H. Woodside, and C. Byrne, 2001, How people with schizophrenia build their hope: J.Psychosoc.Nurs.Ment. Health Serv., v. 39, no. 1, p. 46-53. 70. Weisman, A. G., 2000, Religion: a mediator <strong>of</strong> Anglo-American and Mexican attributional differences toward symptoms <strong>of</strong> schizophrenia?: J.Nerv.Ment.Dis., v. 188, no. 9, p. 616-621. 71. Yangarber-Hicks, N., 2004, Religious coping styles and recovery from serious mental illnesses: Journal <strong>of</strong> Psychology & <strong>The</strong>ology, v. 32, no. 4, p. 305-317. 72. Rethink, 2004, <strong>Spirituality</strong> and Mental Illness www.rethink.org/information/living/spirituality.html, Accessed March 3, 2006. 73. 2006, About Buddhism, http://www.thebigview.com/buddhism/, Accessed April 25, 2006. 74. Holy Bible (New International Version), 1998, Revelation 21v4: London, <strong>The</strong> Bible Society. 75. Holy Bible (New International Version), 1998, Romans 5v3: London, <strong>The</strong> Bible Society. 76. Arrowsmith, C., 2002, Silent Suffering: Enduring the Pain <strong>of</strong> Mental Suffering for Jesus Christ, http://tcrnews2.com/Mentalsuffering.html, Accessed April 25, 2006. 77. Pollner, M., 1989, Divine relations, social relations, and well-being: Journal <strong>of</strong> Health and Social Behaviour, v. 30, p. 92-104. 78. Pargament, K. I., H. G. Koenig, and L. M. Perez, 2000, <strong>The</strong> many methods <strong>of</strong> religious coping: development and initial validation <strong>of</strong> the RCOPE: J.Clin.Psychol., v. 56, no. 4, p. 519-543. 79. Pargament, K. I., H. G. Koenig, N. Tarakeshwar, and J. Hahn, 2001, Religious struggle as a predictor <strong>of</strong> mortality among medically ill elderly patients: a 2-year longitudinal study: Arch.Intern.Med., v. 161, no. 15, p. 1881-1885. <strong>The</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> spirituality upon mental health 35
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the universe. A survey of reviews b
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concepts. A second, related influen
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fervour. This populist emotional re
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individual experience, and referred
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African Spirituality In some Africa
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has been popularised by both wester
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Concept and Etymology Religion (fro
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Modern Western Religion is a modern
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The sociologist Émile Durkheim, in
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Worldview Religions have sacred his
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Anthropologists John Monoghan and P
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cent living in Israel and 40 per ce
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prophets of Judaism, Christianity,
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Mahayana Buddhism (or the Great Veh
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that the role of different dimensio
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political, or even religious confli
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Richard Dawkins is hostile to funda
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"advances by creative imagination"
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sciences. Historians James R. Jacob
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universal. This naturalism is the b
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Overall Summary Over time, scientis
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Association for the Advancement of
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Dei Filius was a dogmatic constitut
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Within the rationalist point of vie
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Historical and Legal Evidentialism
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Evolution The anthroposophical view
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teacher-founded, the schools today
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Bochum, Germany, founded in 1974. S
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Esoteric Path Paths of Spiritual De
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All historical forms of Christianit
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students, and has extensive contact
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medicine and biodynamic agriculture
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cosmology." [13] Scholars have argu
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crisis because it is flexible and c
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stewardship which is explained thro
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Spiritual Development 1 An Introduc
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Spiritual Development 3 spiritual d
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Spiritual Development 5 Kohlberg’
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