DTE Energy DER Technology AdoptionDEW Analysis of ... - EERE

Utility/Lab Workshop on PV Technology and Systems
November 8-9, 2010
Tempe, Arizona
DTE Energy DER Technology Adoption
DEW Analysis of Renewable, PEV & Storage
Hawk Asgeirsson, P.E.
asgeirssonh@dteenergy.com
This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information.

Agenda
• DTE Energy background
• What do we have done to date
– Mobile DG adoption
– Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) adoption
– Solar & wind adoption
– Storage adoption
• What is in the works
– All of the above blended together
– Steady State (Planning)
• Short and long term forecasting (solar & wind)
– Dynamic (Operation & Planning)
– Modeling and Coordinated Control

DTE Energy –
Electric & Gas Regulated Businesses
Detroit Edison (Electric)
• Tenth largest US electric utility
• 7,600 square mile service territory
• 2.2 million customers
• 2.63 million meters
• $4.9 billion in revenue
• $13 billion in assets
• Generating capacity: 11,080 MW
• Annual Sales: 50,000 GWH
Michcon (Gas)
• Eleventh largest US natural gas utility
with 1.3 million customers
• 1.35 million meters
• 14,700 square mile service territory
throughout Michigan
• 679 bcf of gas sales
• Significant gas storage capacity benefits
customers (11% of total Midwest and
Northeast capacity)
• $1.8 billion in revenue
• $3.3 billion in assets

DTE Energy – Non-utility Businesses
• Coal Related Services
– DTE Coal services
– DTE Rail Services
• Gas Storage & Pipeline
– DTE Pipeline
– DTE Gas Storage
• Power/Industrial Projects
– DTE Biomass Energy
– DTE Methane Resources
– DTE Energy Services
– DTE Pet Coke
• Unconventional Gas
Production
– DTE Gas Resources
• DTE Energy Trading
• DTE Energy Ventures Woodland Biomass

Distributed
Generation
at DTE Energy
Technology Testing
Substation Applications
Temporary &
Maintenance
Distribution
Solutions
Circuit Applications
Emergency &
Temporary
Premium
Power
Customer Partnership
Virtual Power Plant
Applications
Southfield Solar &
Future H Power Park
Adair ENI1000 1MW NG
Emergency ENR2000
2MW Diesel
ZBB Flow Battery
Union Lk ENR2000 2MW Diesel
Grosse Ile High School
ENI1000 1MW NG
Substation Battery
Replacement Project
Substation Islanding
ENR2000 2MW Diesel
Assumption Church
ENI1000 1MW NG
Wayne State Univ ENI 75 Dialysis Center ENI 150 Service Center ENI 150 & 75

Automatic Load Following
Circuit Emergency Rating
Circuit Normal Rating
Generator
Output
Distribution
Circuit Load

DER Technology adoption
• DG Applications
• Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV)
• Solar
• Solar & Storage
• Wind
• Wind & Storage
• Storage
• All of the above in various combinations

Distributed Energy Resource (DER)
Adoption Analysis
• Monte Carlo simulation is used to randomly place DER
generation units at locations throughout a distribution
circuit
• The PEV simulation provides customer arrival home and
plug-in time models
• Technology adoption is modeled as a function of
customer billing class
• Solar Output is added to the model via interface to NREL
PV Watts
• Wind Output is added as an average

Secondary Customer Representation

Residential Customer Class Load Profile
DTE Load Research Stats (16 Customers)

PEV Assumptions
• The PEVs are only charged at residential homes
• The battery is fully discharged when PEV charging
occurs once a day. (This assumption provides the worse
case scenario)
• There are two likely voltages at residential locations,
120V and 240V

PEV Charge Profiles

Distribution of Arrival Times at Home
from Work (SE Michigan Census Data)

PEV Impact on the Electric Distribution System
Worst Case Scenario, Heavily Load Circuit – Level 2, 3.3 kW
# of Predicted Disturbances
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
PEV Impacts on the Distribution System
On-Peak vs. Off-Peak Charging
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
PEV Adoption Rate (%)
*There are a total of125 distribution transformers on the distribution circuit
Trf. Overloads (On)
Trf. Overloads (Off)
Low Voltage (On)
Low Voltage (Off)
• Red – Percent overloaded transformers with uncontrolled charging
• Green – Percent overloaded transformer with controlled charging
starting at midnight
• Blue – Low voltage uncontrolled
Studying PEV Charging
on a 4.8 kV Distribution Circuit

Uncontrolled PEV Charging
• Circuits in early adopter areas
• Number of circuits studied = 93
• 4.8 kV circuit have more
overloaded transformers than
13.2 kV circuits
• 4.8 kV circuits are dominated
by 25 kVA transformers
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Overloaded Transformers
4.34%
1.46%
0.73% 1.48% 2.16%
2.91% 3.55%
2.92%
9.59%
8.20%
6.29%
4.66%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
PEV Adoption Rate
Level 1 Level 2
% of Total DXfmrs
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Level 2 – 3.3 kW
Uncontrolled Charging:
4.8 kV vs. 13.2 kV
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
PEV Adoption Rate
4.8kV Overloads 4.8kV L. Voltages
13.2kV Overloads 13.2kV L. Voltages

DEW Solar Generation
• National Renewable Energy Lab PV Watts data
• For each solar generation location, the NREL interface
provides hourly generation data for 8760 hours
• Years worth of hourly generation can be automatically
placed on the customer metering point for:
– historical minimum
– average hourly
– maximum hourly or
– actual hourly for the pervious year
• This enables integration of solar and load at:
– customer meters
– aggregation at the distribution transformer
– aggregation at the circuit level

DEW’s Solar Model
Downloads Solar Generation from NREL

DEW’s Solar Model
Measurements Added to the Load Bus

Solar DER
Customer Class Solar Plot

Wind Generation
• Wind speed data is U.S Local Climatological Data from the National
Climatic Data Center (NCDC)
• The wind power produced is calculated by the wind turbine power
equation
1
P = ⋅ρ⋅Av ⋅ ⋅c
2
3
wind p

Wind DER
Customer Class Wind Plot

DEW’s DER Adoption
Ann Arbor Area Circuit
3.5 MVA Looped (4-3 phase loops) 4.8kV Delta
125 Dist Trf with 1500 Customer or 12 cust/trf
30 Small commercial customers
Drag & Drop DER

DEW’s DER Adoption Analysis

DEW’s DER Adoption Analysis
Analysis Setup
10year study ending in:
10% PEV, 30% Solar, 30% Wind

Dew’s DER Adoption Analysis
Study Criteria
Stop on Primary Overload
and/or OL on 5% of Dist Trt

DER Adoption Analysis Scenarios
PHEV
Solar Gen.
Storage
(Solar)
Wind Gen.
Storage
(Wind)
Base × × × × ×
Case 1 10 % × × × ×
Case 2 10 % 30 % × × ×
Case 3 10 % × 30 % × ×
Case 4 10 % × × 30 % ×
Case 5 10 % × × × 30 %
Case 6 10 % 10 % × 10 % ×

DEW DER Adoption Feeder Analysis
Results Base Case

DEW DER Adoption Analysis Results

DEW DER Adoption Analysis Results

DOE FOA-36 Community Energy Storage
(CES)
(Distributed Resource
System Operation Center)

CES Modes of Operation
Smart Grid Infrastructure Enabling Multi-mode Operation
Demonstration Items:
1. Frequency Regulation: (DR-SOC dispatch, Retransmit AGC from MISO)
2.a VAR Support : (Local control, PF management)
2.b Voltage support: (Local control, Meet utility v-schedule)
3.a PV output shifting: (Local control, Time of day)
3.b PV output leveling: (Local control ,Ramp management)
4. Demand response
4.a Grid support: (DR-SOC dispatch, ‘N-1’)
4.b Distribution circuit peak shaving: (DR-SOC dispatch or schedule)
4.c Customer peak shaving: (Local control, demand charge mgmt)
5. Islanding: Control scheme development for intentional islanding

Modeling and Power Flow Analysis
DEW Circuit Model
Google Earth overlay
HAGER DC 9420
Google maps transformer
locations

Preliminary CES Features
• 25 kW, 2-hour run-time, single-phase, pad-mounted
• Battery life targeted for at least 1000 full-power discharges
• Aggregated at DTE’s DR SOC
• Peak shaving programmable or dispatched
• Contactor to separate customers from utility source in the event of a
disturbance
– Improves SAIDI
– Seamless return to normal utility source
• Local voltage regulation by controlling inverter VARs
– Flatten feeder voltage to reduce losses
• No maintenance – “set it and forget it”
– No fans, no air filters
• Below-ground battery vault
– Smaller exposed system footprint for easier siting
– Cool & near constant temperature for passive cooling
33

Community Energy Storage Concept
• Leverage the independent work done by S&C
• Split packaging solution
– Bi-directional inverter with communications and control to Utility (DTE DR SOC)
– Battery system with communications and control to inverter system
• Above ground inverter / Below ground battery system
Inverter
System
(Above grade)
Fiberglass
Box Pad
(Below grade)
Battery System
34

DEW Future Work: PV and PV/Storage
• Determine modeling and simulation tools needed for high
penetration scenarios
• Model advanced PV system operations
– voltage/VAr control
– intentional islanding
– fault contributions
– ride-through capability
• Model distribution system impacts
– voltage regulation
– unintentional islanding
– protection and coordination
– effects of clouds
• Develop Model-Based Coordinated Control Algorithms
– Efficiency both sides of the meter
– Demand Management both side
– Economic operations using DEW Revenue Analysis (uses Rates)
– Feeder Performance using DEW Feeder Performance (uses LMP)
• Develop CES Algorithm for operations (simultaneous control
operation including standby)
• Short and long term solar/wind forecasting (local & wide area)

2011 IEEE Power & Energy Society Meeting
http://www.pes-gm.org/2011/