polymery 2010 - Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry - Akademie ...

and isopropylacetate (iPAc). Characteristics of used organic solvents in terms of their
interactions are summarized in Tab. 1 .
Tab. 1 Structure and basic characteristics of used solvents in term of interactions
solvent formula interactions
butanol BuOH
C
H 3
butylacetate BuAc C
H 3
isopropylacetate iPAc
O
O
C
C
CH 2
CH 3
O
42
O
CH 2
N-ethylpyrrolidone NEP N
N-ethylformamide NEF
H
O
C
C
H 3
O
NH
CH 2
CH 2
CH 3
CH
CH 2
CH 2
CH
CH 3
CH 3
CH 3
OH
CH 3
polar, protic
polar, aprotic,
precipitant for
poly(NVP)
nonpolar, aprotic,
precipitant for
poly(NVP)
polar, aprotic + dipolar
interactions
polar, protic + dipolar
interactions
The significant effect of monomer concentration on kp values was observed only for
polymerizations carried out in BuOH solutions due to the presence of the hydrogen bonding
interactions. However, the solvent effect in BuOH (a decrease between polymerization in
dilute and bulk systems) is about 10-times lower than in case of water used as a solvent. For
other organic solvents, the kp stays approximately constant in the entire monomer
concentration range. The Arrhenius parameters determined as a function of monomer
concentration for different solvents enable us to discuss the effect of interactions of used
solvents on the obtained kp values.
In addition, aqueous phase polymerizations of NVP in the presence of salt were carried out to
demonstrate the effect of ionic strength on kp values.
This work was supported by Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of Slovak
Republic under the contract No. 2/0152/10 and by the Slovak Research and Development
Agency under the contract No. APVV-51-037905 and BASF AG Ludwigshafen.