20386_Science_with_STEM_Year_4_Earth_and_Space_Sciences_Surface_changes

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Assessment Earth and space sciences SURFACE CHANGES Teacher notes Science knowledge Earth’s surface changes over time as a result of natural processes and human activity (ACSSU075) Indicators • Identifies that rocks and fossils show evidence of past landforms on Earth’s surface. • Identifies soil composition and that soil types vary across Australia. • Identifies that rocks break down over long periods of time to create mineral particles that make up soil. • Describes examples of physical, chemical and biological weathering. • Understands the difference between weathering and erosion. • Describes erosion due to wind, water and glaciers. • Describes how extreme weather can contribute to erosion of the coastline. • Identifies and describes how humans contribute to soil erosion and how they can also help slow down the erosion process by re-vegetating. Answers Pages 103 and 104 1. Teacher check. Possible answers include: the marking on a rock could indicate that water used to run over it like in a river, or a fossil of a fish may indicate that the land was once ocean. 2. (b) 3. False 4. (c) 5. Physical: changing temperature of rocks which cause cracks; wind, rain and waves act as an exfoliant over time, as the wind blows sand particles and the rain and waves run over the surface of rock and wear it away over time; freeze-thaw process where cracks in rocks fill with water and freeze overnight which expands the crack and breaks the rock Chemical: rainwater which absorbs carbon dioxide in the air making it slightly acidic on rock, or actual acid rain that is formed when fossil fuels are burned and carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are released in the air and absorbed by rain on the way down Biological: any animals and plants that wear away rock such as a rabbit that burrows in a crack, a plant root growing in a crack, or humans repeatedly walking over a rock surface 6. Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and erosion is the taking away of the broken-down particles by wind, water or glaciers. 7. Teacher check drawings. Wind: winds blow and carry loose sand and soil away, which is how sand dunes are formed Water: rivers, oceans, streams and other natural waterways flow and take soil and broken down rocks with them Glaciers: ice moves down a mountain side and gathers soil and small rocks underneath it as it moves down. The glacier melts along the way as well, forming a flow of water which also collects soil and rocks off the mountain and deposits them at the bottom. 8. Storms cause heavy rain and strong winds which lead to waves crashing into the coastline and carrying away more sand. Other examples of extreme weather students may provide include floods, droughts, heatwaves or cold snaps. 9. Humans contribute to erosion of the soil through agricultural practices, deforestation, construction/demolition and mining. 10. Humans can help stop erosion by ensuring plants and trees are planted in the soil so the roots act as an anchor, holding the soil together and making it less likely to be carried away. ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy 102 Science: A STEM APPROACH YEAR 4 R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au
Earth and space sciences SURFACE CHANGES Assessment 1. Give one example of a clue that rocks or fossils provide about how Earth has changed. 2. What is soil made up of? Circle the correct answer. (a) rocks and dirt (b) minerals like sand, silt or clay, water, air and organic matter (c) dead insects and trees 3. Soil is the same everywhere in Australia. True False 4. Only one of the following statements is true. Circle the true statement. (a) Rocks break down into liquid. (b) Soil is only made from rock. (c) It takes hundreds, thousands and sometimes millions of years for rock to weather and break down into soil particles. 5. Fill in the table to show examples of the different types of weathering. Physical Chemical Biological ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy R.I.C. Publications® – www.ricpublications.com.au YEAR Science: 4 A STEM APPROACH 103
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20386_Science_with_STEM_Year_4_Earth_and_Space_Sciences_Surface_changes

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