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New Orbit Magazine: Issue 04, October 2018

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The editor discusses an<br />

unexpected common theme<br />

that sprung up through this<br />

issue and recent global news.<br />

A real-world drama melds<br />

with near-future technology<br />

in this beautiful experience<br />

of love, life, childbirth and<br />

self-driving cars.<br />

What are our ethical<br />

concerns about letting<br />

artificial intelligence take the<br />

wheel? Are they substantial<br />

enough?<br />

A xenobiologist studies a<br />

creature seemingly alien to<br />

all human science, while<br />

contending with the<br />

loneliness of a distant world.<br />

How are we searching for<br />

alien life, and is it as<br />

complete a search as we<br />

need? What of<br />

unconventional life?<br />

A classic science fiction<br />

trope retold in a bittersweet<br />

tale, in which we consider<br />

how life changes when<br />

stretched out over centuries.


An automaton who has been<br />

used as an experiment in AI<br />

for another automaton tries<br />

to escape the loop she is<br />

caught in.<br />

Our emotional detatchment<br />

from humanity, terror and<br />

crisis is represented in<br />

an all-time science fiction<br />

favourite: the time machine<br />

Sophie Fooks gives a youth<br />

perspective on modern<br />

emotion, the meaning of<br />

time travel, and where our<br />

future is headed.<br />

The immortality problem –<br />

how do we truly quantify<br />

living forever?<br />

In the artistic community of<br />

the future, we explore the<br />

relationship between<br />

technology and human<br />

nature.i<br />

Our responsibility to the<br />

future is imperative to every<br />

aspect of this magazine. Our<br />

statement can be found<br />

here.


_____________<br />

“More an art than a science” is a<br />

phrase we hear day in and out,<br />

about most any kind of concept. We<br />

say making a cake is more art than<br />

science, not because of the level of<br />

creativity required to complete the<br />

task but because, despite the fact<br />

that baking is simply glorified (or deglorified?)<br />

chemistry, the rigid<br />

instructions of the recipe book<br />

alone can all too often fall short of<br />

reality.<br />

A little bit of art can be valuable to<br />

most any pursuit. It has long been<br />

<strong>New</strong> <strong>Orbit</strong> <strong>Magazine</strong>’s goal to<br />

represent this crossover of the two<br />

into one cultural idea, and so many<br />

of the stories in this issue walk that<br />

line; displaying for us how science,<br />

technology and understanding can<br />

so easily leave that perception of<br />

hard lines, lists and numbers, and<br />

become something that many would


consider to be beautiful.<br />

A Clockwork Muse, like so many artificial<br />

intelligence stories throughout time – Blade<br />

Runner, I, Robot, Lawnmower Man, and<br />

countless more – forces us to question where<br />

that line between technology and experience<br />

sits, what it is that turns a something into a<br />

someone, and what that means for our desire<br />

to package our tech into neat little boxes –<br />

literally and metaphorically.<br />

existent in the absence of the other. In spite<br />

of the mostly friendly sibling rivalry between<br />

the two, they remain just that – siblings,<br />

cohorts, two sides of the coin that is our<br />

human passion for and understanding of the<br />

world around us.<br />

I hope you, dear readers, can find as much<br />

joy in the collusions of these two modes of<br />

understanding as I do in experiencing the<br />

works ahead.<br />

Revolutions, the first story you’ll come across<br />

in issue <strong>04</strong>, takes the concept of the selfdriving<br />

car, the statistical analysis of its<br />

potential utility versus the consumer’s<br />

proclivity to purchase it, and a raft of<br />

technological possibilities to which it relates,<br />

and translates those figures into pure,<br />

heartfelt emotion through the lens of a<br />

gorgeously written story. While the figures<br />

will make sense to some, the experience exists<br />

for everybody, no matter their expertise. This<br />

is the value of art to science, to progress, and<br />

the reason that speculative fiction has forged<br />

ahead as a favourite theme in entertainment<br />

for as long as science fiction has been around.<br />

Happy musing,<br />

Naomi Moore<br />

Editor and Founder of <strong>New</strong> <strong>Orbit</strong> <strong>Magazine</strong><br />

Every story in this issue (and,in a broader<br />

sense, every story we have or will feature here<br />

in <strong>New</strong> <strong>Orbit</strong> <strong>Magazine</strong>) allows, encourages<br />

and sometimes requires us to acknowledge<br />

these connections for what they are; a<br />

demonstration of the value that art has to<br />

science, and the other way around. For us, as<br />

humans, either of these would be<br />

incomprehensible, ignored, or even non-


_____________<br />

Eve sat in the front seat of the car with her<br />

legs turned away from her husband. She was<br />

slightly curled into herself as if that might have<br />

any effect at all on the pain. When she could do<br />

more than just cope again, she looked out her<br />

window at the neglected fence posts leaning<br />

down the steep slope on the side of the road.<br />

The wind turbines in the distance echoed the<br />

revolutions of the wheels of the car beneath her.<br />

When the wind blew too hard the engineers let<br />

the turbines stand still so they didn’t get<br />

damaged. Labour was not so forgiving. Even<br />

with all the advances in modern medicine, noone<br />

had thought to invent a pause button to let<br />

women avoid getting damaged.<br />

They had left for hospital earlier in the<br />

process than most expectant parents because<br />

they knew the trip to the city would take time.<br />

Eve felt the pain of a contraction starting again<br />

and did her best not to get angry at her husband<br />

for ignoring her pleas for a self-driving car. He<br />

could have been holding her and supporting<br />

her right now. She could have had enough<br />

space to stretch out. He’d said they couldn’t<br />

afford to spend the money with a new baby on<br />

the way, but she knew the real reason was his<br />

love of driving. She couldn’t really complain<br />

though; that was why he’d agreed to live in the<br />

beautiful rural area they now called home.<br />

Kyle gripped the steering wheel with white<br />

knuckles and did his best to keep the car under<br />

the speed limit as he listened to the noises of<br />

pain coming from his wife next to him. He tried<br />

to estimate the number of minutes between her<br />

contractions. Before they’d left he’d reminded<br />

her to keep entering the times into the hospital<br />

app that their midwife would be monitoring.<br />

She’d gestured rudely at him and told him to


do it himself before she went back to hanging<br />

on to the doorframe. The car crossed the centre<br />

line a little as he took a corner on the winding<br />

road too fast and Eve cried out in pain.<br />

“Slow down! That makes it worse!” she said,<br />

in between panting breaths. She was starting to<br />

hyperventilate.<br />

“Sorry, Love. I’m just worried we left it too<br />

late. How often are your contractions coming?”<br />

he replied.<br />

“Too often,” was all she said.<br />

They had reached the highway, 10 minutes’<br />

drive from the hospital on a good day, when<br />

they hit the traffic jam. Stopped cars stretched<br />

before them like some sort of metallic ocean.<br />

Kyle watched the dial on his dashboard drop to<br />

zero as he braked. He checked his phone. There<br />

had been a multiple-fatality accident ahead.<br />

Estimated delay – 1 hour.<br />

The self-driving car in front of him backed up<br />

to within an inch of his front bumper and<br />

started a series of turns to make its way to a<br />

nearby small gap in the median barrier. Other<br />

self-driving cars were shifting in the same way,<br />

programmed to communicate with each other.<br />

They worked together to get as many of them as<br />

possible out of the traffic. One by one they<br />

slipped through the narrow gap to make a U-<br />

turn on the highway.<br />

priority beacon the car would lodge a<br />

complaint. The reversing beeps of his car<br />

seemed to mock him. Kyle backed his car up,<br />

begrudging even that small movement further<br />

away from where he needed to be. He watched<br />

in frustration as the flashing car extracted itself<br />

from the sea of metal and sped off in the other<br />

direction.<br />

Five minutes later, Eve’s moans had turned<br />

into screams. Kyle had started entering the<br />

contraction times into the hospital app now<br />

that they were stopped. He didn’t know what<br />

else to do. He’d assumed his wife would run<br />

things until they got to the hospital. He’d just<br />

entered the latest time – 2 minutes – when the<br />

phone started ringing; it was the midwife.<br />

“Kyle, those contractions are progressing<br />

really quickly. Where are you?”<br />

“We’re stuck on the highway.”<br />

“Why didn’t you… never mind. I’m calling<br />

you an ambulance right now. I need to talk to<br />

Eve.”<br />

Kyle waited for Eve’s latest scream to subside<br />

and then put the phone on speaker.<br />

“Eve, it’s Michelle. You’re doing really well. I<br />

need you to tell me what you’re feeling.”<br />

Kyle pounded the steering wheel with a fist.<br />

He would have risked the large fine for humandriven<br />

cars changing direction on the highway,<br />

but there was no way that he could even get<br />

close to the gap.<br />

Five cars ahead he could see a driverless car<br />

start flashing red. The occupants must have hit<br />

their emergency priority button, probably just<br />

in frustration at their inability to get out of the<br />

traffic. The drivers in front of him started<br />

tooting their horns as their reverse lights came<br />

on. If they were too slow responding to the<br />

“It hurts so much. I don’t think I can do this.”<br />

“You can do it Eve, but I need you to keep<br />

talking to me. The ambulance is twenty minutes


away. Is there anything else you can tell me<br />

about how you’re feeling?”<br />

Eve started screaming again and Kyle felt<br />

panic set in. He tried to put an arm around her<br />

but she pushed him away and clutched tight to<br />

the armrest instead. Through her window he<br />

could see the face of a child in the neighbouring<br />

car staring back at him with wide eyes. He<br />

turned and looked out behind them while Eve<br />

was distracted. Every self-driving car that hadn’t<br />

managed to make it out of the traffic jam yet<br />

was glowing red to help clear a path for the<br />

ambulance to come through. They only did that<br />

in emergencies. If there had been more of them<br />

they would have looked like an airport runway,<br />

but instead they looked like lonely signal lights<br />

in a vast ocean.<br />

“Can’t the ambulance come from the other<br />

direction?” he asked Michelle in panic.<br />

“Traffic’s backed up just the same on the<br />

other side, Kyle. You’ll be okay. I’m right here<br />

for you and I’ve got an open line to emergency<br />

services. Eve, just keep breathing, in through<br />

your nose and out through your mouth. When<br />

you can manage, start talking to me again.”<br />

Kyle watched in despair as a small trickle of<br />

self-driving cars went past in the other direction<br />

only three lanes away from him. If something<br />

happened to Eve or their baby because he<br />

hadn’t wanted to borrow money for a new car<br />

he didn’t think he could live with himself.<br />

Eve’s cracking voice came from next to him “I<br />

think my waters broke about fifteen minutes<br />

ago,” she said.<br />

Kyle’s eyes widened, “Why didn’t you say<br />

anything?”<br />

“You were driving, I didn’t want to distract<br />

you. It’s not a big deal.” she started breathing<br />

fast again and whimpered, feeling another<br />

contraction building up.<br />

“It might not mean the baby’s coming.”<br />

Michelle’s voice was soft and calming “But<br />

when you’ve already been labouring for a while<br />

it can mean it’s time to start pushing. Do you<br />

have towels with you, Kyle? I think Eve should<br />

be sitting in the back with more space just in<br />

case.”<br />

“I can’t do this,” Kyle said, just as Eve started<br />

screaming again.<br />

She was still moaning loudly when Michelle<br />

started talking again. “Kyle, I need you to go put<br />

clean towels down in the back seat and move<br />

her back there right now. Pick up the phone<br />

and open the door. The ambulance is ten<br />

minutes away.”<br />

Michelle’s calm voice had a hypnotic effect on<br />

him and he was half out the door already before<br />

he even realised. Once he started moving, his<br />

brain started trying to function again. He laid<br />

everything out in the back and opened his wife’s<br />

door.<br />

Kyle held tight under Eve’s arm and halfpulled<br />

her out of the car. The towel they’d put<br />

down on the seat stuck to her clothes as she<br />

stood up. He reached down to pull it away from<br />

her and stared at it for a moment in confusion.<br />

There was large dark patch in the middle of the<br />

towel that became bright red at the edges like<br />

some sort of Rorshach inkblot test. For a<br />

moment his brain tried to figure out what<br />

animal he could see in the pattern and what<br />

that said about him; then he realised what the<br />

stain was.<br />

As he was staring at the towel, Eve grabbed<br />

onto his jacket and slid down onto the road.


Kyle heard his voice yelling towards the phone<br />

on the dashboard as if he was listening to<br />

someone far away, “Michelle, she’s bleeding!<br />

There’s blood everywhere! Help me! What do I<br />

do?”<br />

The mother from the car next door was there<br />

within seconds. “I’ve got her. You pick up the<br />

phone.” She lay Eve down on the white lines of<br />

the road between their cars and put a jersey<br />

under her head. A ring of fascinated and<br />

helpless faces grew around them as people got<br />

out of their cars to come look.<br />

Kyle’s hands shook so badly that he knocked<br />

the phone to the floor. He picked it up from<br />

next to the unopened packet of pacifiers that<br />

was lying in the footwell, a last-minute purchase<br />

in the hope of quiet nights once the baby came.<br />

Now he hoped his baby screamed the whole<br />

damn highway down. He couldn’t think about<br />

the alternative.<br />

Michelle started talking again. Her voice on<br />

speakerphone was the only sound around<br />

them. “You need to keep her lying flat and<br />

calm. I’ve raised the priority of the ambulance<br />

call. They’ve said they’ll drive up the other side<br />

of the motorway against traffic. There’s only<br />

self-drivers making it through on that side<br />

anyway. You need to ask someone to wave them<br />

down.”<br />

A man stepped forward from the circle of<br />

voyeurs, “I’ll do it.”<br />

Kyle tried to say thank you but the words<br />

wouldn’t come out. The man clapped a hand<br />

on his shoulder. “It’ll be OK,” he said and then<br />

made his way across the lanes of stopped traffic<br />

to stand on the median barrier waiting.<br />

Kyle hunched forward over Eve and held her.<br />

The mother sitting next to her gently took the<br />

phone off him. He could hear her answering<br />

Michelle’s questions. “Her eyes are open but<br />

she isn’t responding to me. Her breathing is<br />

really shallow. There’s a pool of blood on the<br />

ground. It’s hard to tell how much.”<br />

He couldn’t look away from his sheet-white<br />

pale wife. He realised he hadn’t heard her<br />

screaming for several minutes, and that scared<br />

him more than the screams had. The wind blew<br />

the smell of idling exhausts across his face and<br />

chips of gravel from the grey road dug into his<br />

knees. It wasn’t supposed to be like this. They’d<br />

toured the hospital a month ago in preparation.<br />

It was smooth and white and smelled of<br />

antiseptic and visitor’s flowers. This highway<br />

wasn’t part of the birth plan.<br />

He didn’t even notice the sound of the<br />

ambulance siren coming closer until a<br />

paramedic took the woman’s place across from<br />

him.<br />

“You need to move aside for a moment please<br />

sir, so we can get her on the stretcher. What’s<br />

her name?”<br />

“Eve.”<br />

“Eve, you need to hang in there just a bit<br />

longer. We’ve got you. Can you hear me? Eve?”<br />

The paramedic was shaking her shoulder gently<br />

as she spoke.<br />

Kyle stumbled after them as they loaded her<br />

into the ambulance. He sat across from her in<br />

the back, watching the paramedic working fast.<br />

He didn’t have a lot of experience with<br />

paramedics, but he knew desperation when he<br />

saw it.<br />

A voice came from the front, “The rig wants<br />

to do a U-turn and go through the ‘burbs<br />

Robyn. This side is starting to clear and we’ve<br />

got human drivers heading towards us.”<br />

“We don’t have time. Hit the override and tell<br />

dispatch to get the police and those SDCs to<br />

clear us a lane. If they can save their owners’<br />

lives, they can damn well help the rest of us<br />

plebs too,” the paramedic replied.


oom. The same thought kept playing over and<br />

over through his mind. If only they’d bought<br />

the new car he would be holding his baby in his<br />

arms right now.<br />

Kyle was dimly aware of the flashing red<br />

beacons of the self-drive cars playing across<br />

Eve’s face as the ambulance sped past them in<br />

the opposite direction at high speed. The tenminute<br />

drive took five thanks to the entire<br />

route being cleared ahead of them<br />

simultaneously. He would have been impressed<br />

if he wasn’t so worried that it was five minutes<br />

too long.<br />

They rushed Eve off to theatre as soon as they<br />

arrived and Kyle was left sitting in a waiting<br />

Eve had rolled her eyes when he’d said no to<br />

buying one. She’d told him they were lucky they<br />

had the option, that they had a responsibility to<br />

use their privilege to be early adopters and help<br />

bring the price down for everyone else. He’d<br />

laughed at her and told her shopping was not a<br />

social service. He didn’t need his savings to be<br />

on the front-lines of a technology revolution.<br />

The fan in the corner had something stuck in<br />

the revolving blades and it made a rhythmic<br />

clicking noise as it wafted air across Kyle’s face,<br />

cooling the tracks of his tears until they felt like<br />

glaciers creeping down his cheeks. He put his<br />

head in his hands and he waited. ◊


Most every new technology humanity is<br />

introduced to comes with a raft of its own<br />

moral and ethical quandaries. Perhaps the<br />

technology could be used for evil if taken<br />

outside of its suggested field, or perhaps<br />

people believe it's too much of an affront to<br />

nature or the traditional order of things. The<br />

basis of the ethical questions asked about<br />

driverless cars lie within a famous thought<br />

experiment known as the “trolley problem”,<br />

which forces a person to make decisions<br />

based upon the greater good or individual<br />

value type grounds. The most basic trolley<br />

problem would posit: “a trolley (as in a tram<br />

or train) is approaching a fork in its track, and<br />

you are standing at the lever which can alter<br />

its course. Tied to track A, the one on which<br />

the trolley is headed, are two strangers. Tied<br />

to track B, the course the trolley will take if<br />

you throw the lever, is one. What do you do?”<br />

Throwing the lever will mean that you're<br />

saving the lives of the two people tied on track<br />

A, and ensuring one less death as a result of<br />

the trolley accident. However, it also means<br />

that you are actively condemning the person<br />

tied to track B, who would've survived<br />

otherwise, to death. Is inaction the correct<br />

moral path here, declining to assume that you<br />

have the moral authority to make judgements<br />

on who lives or dies? Or is it the greater good,<br />

utilitarianism, saying simply that two lives<br />

spared is better than one? How does your<br />

decision change when the single stranger is<br />

replaced with a loved one, or the pair of<br />

strangers are replaced with violent criminals?<br />

Do we have the right to recalibrate our answer


ased on the kind of people we’re judging to<br />

live or die?<br />

In creating driverless cars, we are<br />

attempting to create a way to take these<br />

almost impossible decisions out of human<br />

hands, and into AI’s.<br />

While technologies that are capable of<br />

safely and efficiently piloting a car without<br />

human intervention is increasing in both<br />

number and sophistication, mainstream<br />

driverless cars are struggling to get off the<br />

ground due to a few issues. One of these is<br />

cost – as for the characters in Revolutions, the<br />

current price for an autonomous vehicle is so<br />

prohibitively high that normal road users can<br />

barely consider purchasing one. This means<br />

that there are exceptionally few on the roads,<br />

and this in turn decreases the personal utility<br />

of owning one – like the internet, driverless<br />

cars are a resource that increase in personal<br />

value with the more people that use them.<br />

The second issue, and currently the most<br />

important one, is the way that these cars are<br />

programmed to react in accident situations.<br />

These scenarios have become the modern-day<br />

incarnation of the original trolley problem –<br />

if someone is guaranteed to die in this<br />

autopiloted car accident, which person<br />

should it be? There are dozens of scenarios<br />

that could play out, both where other road<br />

users are at fault and where there is no one to<br />

blame, but the accident still cannot be<br />

avoided (several of these scenarios are set out<br />

by professor of robot ethics Patrick Lin in the<br />

linked TEDTalk). Turning to the principle of<br />

minimising harm is the most obvious choice,<br />

but in the cases where that concept is more<br />

complex than a simple black and white<br />

answer, programmers are getting stuck. Some<br />

have turned to human-based input, posing<br />

moral questions to the public and analysing<br />

their answers to see what the general person<br />

would like the car to do. Unfortunately, this<br />

too often fails in constructing a clear-cut


answer, as, for example, “36 percent of<br />

respondents would want a robot car to sacrifice<br />

their life to avoid crashing into a child, while 64<br />

percent would want the child to die in order to<br />

save their own life. (Patrick Lin, Wired)”<br />

of legal and financial benefit. After all, for the<br />

first time they are struggling with the concept<br />

of being held accountable (or forcing their<br />

consumers to be held accountable) not only<br />

for manslaughter, but for outright murder:<br />

A further and just as pressing issue regarding<br />

the morality here is that of liability. As the driver<br />

of your car, you are responsible for any people<br />

injured or killed due to your operation of it –<br />

even if it resulted from a reflex required to save<br />

your or another’s life. If the vehicle itself was the<br />

cause via a defect or a structural failing, for<br />

example, the manufacturer is liable for the<br />

lives lost – the reason for vehicle recalls within<br />

the motor industry. So where does the<br />

liability fall when deaths or injuries result<br />

from accidents between driverless cars? As the<br />

people in the vehicle have no control over<br />

what the machine does, they can no longer be<br />

held accountable for it, so it is currently<br />

understood that liability will fall largely on the<br />

manufacturer. Vehicle manufacturers are,<br />

understandably, not impressed with the<br />

concept of shouldering liability for all lives<br />

lost due to their machine and its code, which<br />

causes many of them to forgo consideration<br />

of the production of driverless cars at any<br />

time in the foreseeable future. Others have<br />

tried to find ways around taking on liability,<br />

such as creating driverless cars with adjustable<br />

ethics settings that are coded in by the<br />

consumer, and not the manufacturer, to<br />

return the culpability to them. This has its<br />

own frightening problems. Too complex a<br />

system could allow a customer to express<br />

dangerous biases in ways that would've been<br />

impossible with a traditional car; we may see<br />

them calibrate their car to target children over<br />

the elderly, the poor over the rich, arts<br />

students over science students, humans over<br />

expensive objects they’d be liable to replace,<br />

women over men, or one race over another in<br />

the case of an accident. Too simple a system<br />

would fail to remove liability from the<br />

manufacturer, incentivising them to take the<br />

dangerous route described above for the sake<br />

Like many medical professionals – surgeons,<br />

vaccine makers, etcetera – perhaps autonomous<br />

vehicle manufacturers will be given their own<br />

special kind of legal protection for their<br />

failing the few, given the benefit that<br />

driverless cars provide for the many, for<br />

society; a trolley problem in itself.


This beautiful TEDTalk by Patrick Lin elucidates a great number of moral queries we are and<br />

should be having about the new concept of driverless cars.<br />

It can become tempting to look at a selfdriving<br />

car as a weapon – a tactical drone – a<br />

complex targeting android designed largely to<br />

plan vehicular manslaughter in the most (or<br />

least?) efficient ways. In doing this it can be<br />

easy to forget that a driverless car is just that –<br />

a car. It’s a mode of transport that increases<br />

efficiency, gives you extra time and comfort,<br />

and will be far safer for the average person<br />

than a vehicle controlled by a human driver –<br />

whether that be your bus driver starting work<br />

on a sleepy Monday morning, an uber driver<br />

taking his 400th consecutive passenger<br />

without break, an elderly stranger who needs<br />

a new prescription for their glasses or is prone<br />

to some minor road rage, or your friend who<br />

had a couple of glasses of wine in the<br />

afternoon but is fine (and, importantly, legal)<br />

to drive now. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill<br />

approximately 3300 and injure hundreds of<br />

thousands more every day. In America, a<br />

person dies in a traffic accident every 15<br />

minutes; almost triple their rate of firearm<br />

homicides. In <strong>New</strong> Zealand, that number is<br />

nearing 400 deaths and 12 to 15,000 injuries<br />

a year, in a country with a population of only<br />

~4.5 million – almost one in every 11,000<br />

<strong>New</strong> Zealanders lose their lives on the roads<br />

every year. Artificial intelligence is not<br />

perfect, and nobody is claiming that their<br />

driverless cars will eliminate all road deaths.<br />

However, there's a good chance that with a<br />

little faith, they will get us part of the way<br />

there; like many pursuits, the more we invest<br />

in this kind of progress the greater the<br />

progress will be. When that progress saves<br />

hundreds, thousands, or even just a few lives,<br />

perhaps it becomes our moral responsibility<br />

to nurture it in whatever way we can.<br />

Patrick Lin. Here's a Terrible Idea:<br />

Robot Cars with Adjustable Ethics<br />

Settings. Wired. August 18, 2014.<br />

Accessed September 09, <strong>2018</strong>.<br />

https://www.wired.com/2014/08/h<br />

eres-a-terrible-idea-robot-cars-withadjustable-ethics-settings/<br />

Noah J. Goodall. Machine Ethics and<br />

Automated Vehicles. Pre-print version.<br />

Published in G. Meyer and S. Beiker<br />

(eds.), Road Vehicle Automation,<br />

Springer, 2014, pp. 93-102.<br />

Available at<br />

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-<br />

3-319-05990-7_9<br />

Patrick Lin. The Ethics of Saving Lives<br />

with Autonomous Cars Is Far Murkier<br />

than you Think. Wired. August 30,<br />

2013. Accessed September 09, <strong>2018</strong>.<br />

https://www.wired.com/2013/07/t<br />

he-surprising-ethics-of-robot-cars/


_____________<br />

Clumsy with pain, she is borne down by the<br />

weight of her own fractured thoughts. Light<br />

glares. Unformed, unfocused, she cannot link<br />

one perception to another. Minutiae pick her<br />

apart. She is trapped in the details, present and<br />

past transparencies overlaid to create a cloudy<br />

mass where there is no yesterday, no before,<br />

only now, and now, and now, neverending. She<br />

clings to what she can.<br />

Eventually the pain eases, resolves itself into<br />

the stretching of her muscles, the beating of her<br />

hollow heart. Sensation, inexplicable. She<br />

believes she knows what it is. Her mind locks it<br />

into its place. There, now. It is real.<br />

She is aware of a childhood, but she cannot<br />

hold it. The memory slips. Automata have no<br />

past. She knows she is a construct, an imitation<br />

of a life cobbled together from borrowed<br />

memories. They are all true. She remembers<br />

sitting in a field in the July sun, waiting for her<br />

mother to spread the picnic blanket. She<br />

remembers the slow ache of arthritis in her<br />

hands when she shoveled the winter’s first<br />

heavy snow. She is fragmentary and erratic in<br />

her recollections but convinced of them all the<br />

same. They are in her, loose as fallen leaves, and<br />

each is real.<br />

But she is not. Her eyes are green glass,<br />

windows into the illusion of her soul. The man


standing in front of her sees what he wants in<br />

them. He has imagined her into being, shaped<br />

her and done the fine work of her machinery.<br />

What rare elements did he use to assemble her,<br />

his Galatea, his Eve: platinum wires, slick<br />

titanium joints, silicon, smooth pale lab-grown<br />

skin through which the shadow of her<br />

composite skeleton can be seen. She is<br />

breathtaking, inhuman, flesh over plastic<br />

bones. She breathes.<br />

“Delia,” he says. “Come here.”<br />

She walks gracefully, as if she had always stood<br />

erect on her narrow feet, balanced her mass<br />

against gravity’s subtle pull.<br />

His name is Stephen. She already knows it.<br />

His hands on her shoulders, running lightly<br />

down her arms. She feels it. She trembles,<br />

gooseflesh rising, alive.<br />

He assesses her. She stands still, unsure,<br />

expectant.<br />

“Fine,” he says. “You are fine.”<br />

Feminine, she reaches up to smooth her hair.<br />

Szmenski steps around Stephen, leans close to<br />

her and places his hand over hers, following her<br />

motion. “Yes,” he says. “You are fine.” She<br />

knows his name as well. She glances at<br />

Stephen, the need to do so innate.<br />

Stephen’s mouth twitches but he stands aside<br />

to let Szmenski scrutinize her.<br />

Her hands are restless. She picks at her nails,<br />

running her fingers around the edge of them<br />

over and again.<br />

“Stop it,” Stephen says. “You’ll ruin them.”<br />

Szmenski gently pulls her fingers apart.<br />

“Relax, Delia. There is no need to fret,” he says.<br />

He guides her hands to her sides, poses her<br />

like a demure mannequin.<br />

“You are quite talented, Stephen. Delia,<br />

thank you.”<br />

Szmenski steps back to allow Stephen close to<br />

her again. His breath moves loose strands her<br />

dark hair. She has no sense of him.<br />

“Thank you, Doctor,” Stephen says, never<br />

looking away from her. Just past his ear Delia<br />

sees Szmenski slide open a panel and leave them<br />

to themselves. She remembers.<br />

Beside Stephen in the quiet darkness, she<br />

wonders. Synapses fire, electricity jumps the<br />

gaps, makes its circuit. She thinks time may be<br />

passing. She remembers sunrise. Her head is<br />

full of stars.<br />

He leads her to a seat before the window,<br />

positions her at an angle to the light. He tilts<br />

her chin up and away from him. She looks over<br />

her shoulder at the clear blue sky.<br />

“Stay like that,” he says, retreating across the<br />

room. He picks up paper and charcoal, sketches<br />

her outline quickly before going back to fill in<br />

details. There are many portraits of her in the<br />

house, the bulk of them with her face tilted<br />

away, as though Stephen is wary of capturing all<br />

of her.<br />

She is curious. She lingers over the sensation<br />

of her neck extended, the pull of the muscles.<br />

Outside, leaves rustle in the wind.<br />

There is a flicker in her memory, in her<br />

vision. She can see herself sitting there. She<br />

remembers seeing it. She feels as if she is falling.<br />

Her limbs do not match her perception. She<br />

loses her pose, turning back to Stephen with her<br />

lips parted, already asking.<br />

“What is it now, Delia? I told you to stay<br />

still.” He is angry with her. She is finite, she is<br />

lacking. She is not what he wants, right now.<br />

*<br />

*


*<br />

Szmenski comes and goes. Sometimes he<br />

speaks to them, genial small talk about the day<br />

that reveals nothing; other times he watches<br />

quietly from a seat in the studio as Stephen<br />

paints. Delia has the feeling that she remembers<br />

him from before, but she has no before. His<br />

presence slots in among all the other pinpoints<br />

of memory.<br />

Stephen poses her again, this time standing<br />

with her hands pressed together palm to palm,<br />

fingers brushing her chin. She remembers<br />

praying, fervently. Clean tears spring up in her<br />

eyes. She does not know why. The mood fades.<br />

She dislikes modeling for Stephen, is subtly<br />

shamed by the multiple versions he makes of<br />

her. He has not yet begun this repetition, is still<br />

preparing his palette. She searches for other<br />

distractions.<br />

There is a fine tear in her skin along the edge<br />

of her thumbnail. She picks at it until she can<br />

pinch it up and pull it back. She peels her hand<br />

like an orange. She is vaguely expecting pain,<br />

and blood, but it does not hurt. She is not<br />

surprised by the lacework of wires and slim rods<br />

revealed by her picking. She keeps going,<br />

stripping the skin from her arm in a long sleeve.<br />

*<br />

She remembers leaping from the cliff’s edge<br />

into the cold deep pool. She landed badly,<br />

slamming into the water’s surface before it gave<br />

in to her weight and let her sink. This stings like<br />

that did, like a raw electric current across her<br />

chest and belly. She jumps away from it, fearing<br />

the drowning that will follow.<br />

“It’s okay,” Szmenski says, calm as air.<br />

The needle glints and sparkles as it threads<br />

her skin back together. There is pain, but it is<br />

not hers. Still, she flinches.<br />

“Be still, Delia,” says Szmenski.<br />

Her body relaxes. His hands are familiar, the<br />

slow process of reconstruction has happened<br />

before. She watches his hands move across hers,<br />

the delicate stitches he leaves behind. It will<br />

heal into scars so pale they will lay like lace on<br />

her skin. Ghosts of what will be. She<br />

remembers it.<br />

*<br />

“Delia!” Stephen cries.<br />

He reaches for her, crushing the metal bones<br />

of her hand in a hard grip as he stops her.<br />

Without the skin to conduct sensation, she is<br />

only aware of pressure. She pulls her hand away,<br />

watching the slide and flex of her machinery.<br />

“Don’t touch anything. We have to fix this,”<br />

Stephen says.<br />

“I don’t want it fixed. Not yet,” she says.<br />

“You can’t stay like this,” he says, already<br />

moving away.<br />

Szmenski is always the one to put her back<br />

together. He has never allowed Stephen that<br />

privilege. Sometimes he reconfigures her,<br />

changes her into something slyly different. All<br />

the iterations echo in her, dissonant and<br />

interchangeable. Memories fade and bloom.<br />

Once he had called her Adele.


She lies close beside Stephen as clear morning<br />

floods She lies through close beside the windows. Stephen She as clear has not morning slept,<br />

floods it is not through part of the her. windows. She studies She him has in not the slept, new<br />

it light, is not the part length of her. of She his nose, studies the him texture in the of new his<br />

light, skin, the evaluating, length of comparing his nose, it the to texture her own. of his A<br />

skin, bird shrills evaluating, outside comparing the window it to and her he own. opens A<br />

bird his eyes shrills at the outside sudden the sound. window From and her opens angle<br />

his she eyes can at see the the sudden glass arc sound. of his From cornea her where angle it<br />

she floats can on see his the eye. glass A scrim arc of of his sunlight cornea traces where its<br />

floats curve. on She his watches eye. A the scrim spark of sunlight and scroll traces of data its<br />

curve. flow across She watches it as comes the spark awake. and scroll of data<br />

flow across it as he comes awake.<br />

She blinks twice, reading her own scroll. She<br />

is She made blinks his twice, image. reading her own scroll. She<br />

is made in his image.<br />

“Stephen,” she says. “We are the same.”<br />

“Stephen,” she says. “We are the same.”<br />

He turns his head toward her, his fine hair<br />

rustling He turns on the his crisp head sheets. toward her, his fine hair<br />

rustling on the crisp sheets.<br />

“No,” he says, calm as an empty sky. “I am<br />

your “No,” maker.” he says, calm as an empty sky. “I am<br />

your maker.”<br />

He is peaceful, certain.<br />

He is peaceful, certain.<br />

She turns away. There is no response to such<br />

a She statement. turns away. There is no response to such<br />

a statement.<br />

He reaches for her, brushes her hip, her belly,<br />

but He she reaches rolls away for her, from brushes him. The her sheets hip, her are belly, cool<br />

but under she her. rolls She away rises. from At him. a distance The sheets she are knows cool<br />

under who she her. is, but She she rises. cannot At a separate distance herself she knows from<br />

who the tangled she is, but threads she cannot of the separate other lives herself she from has<br />

the impossibly tangled lived. threads He of did the as well other as he lives could. she has He<br />

impossibly is not capable lived. of He perfection. did as well She as he throws could. open He<br />

is the not window, capable grips of perfection. its frame so She tightly throws her fingers open<br />

the ache, window, closes her grips eyes its frame against so the tightly sun. her fingers<br />

ache, closes her eyes against the sun.<br />

Light like a downpour washes over her,<br />

through Light like her eyelids, a downpour through washes her skin. over She her, is<br />

through alive, she her is warm eyelids, with through it. She her is something skin. She else is<br />

alive, she is warm with it. She is something else<br />

than her own machinery. The facets click<br />

than together, slotting own machinery. into place. The She facets is everyone click<br />

together, within her, slotting mosaic into and place. whole. She is everyone<br />

within her, mosaic and whole.<br />

“Come back to bed, Delia,” Stephen says.<br />

“Come back to bed, Delia,” Stephen says.<br />

“No,” she says. “I am leaving this.”<br />

“No,” she says. “I am leaving this.”<br />

She is surprised by his speed, how fast he leaps<br />

up She and is spins surprised her away by his from speed, the how window. fast he leaps<br />

up and spins her away from the window.<br />

Stephen slaps her across the face, hard and<br />

fast. Stephen Pain flickers slaps her across across her the skin, face, prickles hard and like<br />

fast. fragments Pain flickers of sulphur across burning. her skin, prickles like<br />

fragments of sulphur burning.<br />

“You do not get to leave,” he says. “I made<br />

you. “You You do stay not with get me.” to leave,” he says. “I made<br />

you. You stay with me.”<br />

She lashes out like a cat, responding from<br />

some She other lashes life. out His like skin a cat, rips responding under her nails. from<br />

some Silver other mesh life. glistens, His skin revealed. rips under There is nails. no<br />

Silver blood. mesh glistens, revealed. There is no<br />

blood.<br />

For a moment they are both caught in staring<br />

at For his a machinery, moment they and are she both remembers caught in that staring he<br />

at does his not machinery, remember. and Then she remembers he looks up that her<br />

does and snarls. not remember. She feels his Then scentless he looks breath up on at her<br />

and face. snarls. She braces She feels herself his to scentless shove him breath back, on her but<br />

face. he grabs She her braces arms. herself She throws to shove herself him back, backward but<br />

he against grabs the her window arms. She and throws feels herself the glass backward splinter<br />

against behind the her, window hears and the feels crack the of glass the wooden splinter<br />

behind frame. The her, sutures hears the at her crack shoulders of the tear wooden loose<br />

frame. and she The is sutures falling. at Stephen her shoulders clutches tear empty loose<br />

and sleeves. she is falling. Stephen clutches empty<br />

sleeves.<br />

The air seems to hold her, for a moment. She<br />

hears The Szmenski air seems to shout hold inside her, for the a room, moment. but She she<br />

hears cannot Szmenski see him. shout She has inside closed the room, her eyes. but This she<br />

cannot has happened see him. before. She has The closed sudden her eyes. light This<br />

has overwhelming. happened before. The sudden light is<br />

overwhelming.<br />

Out of her skin, she is free. ◊<br />

Out of her skin, she is free. ◊


STEPHANIE BRETHERTON<br />

BONE<br />

LINES<br />

Love is Evolutionary<br />

“A monument to the timelessness of human<br />

nature, and a work of art... Bretherton ignites<br />

her characters with a life, complexity, a<br />

personality with which any number of readers<br />

will identify and empathise with. The author<br />

should be as overjoyed as I was impressed with<br />

this debut novel (the first, I hope, of many).”<br />

Naomi Moore<br />

Editor, <strong>New</strong> <strong>Orbit</strong> magazine<br />

“Gracefully written, carefully researched, and<br />

always alert to the issues it raises, Bone Lines<br />

reaches far across time to relate the<br />

interwoven stories of two women – a genetic<br />

scientist addressing the complexities of<br />

contemporary experience, and one of our<br />

earliest ancestors in a physical and spiritual<br />

ordeal of survival... a brave and moving<br />

adventure of the imagination.”<br />

Lindsay Clarke<br />

The Chymical Wedding<br />

“A brilliant, genre-defying read, Bone Lines<br />

deftly unravels the wonder of oneness”<br />

Barbara Bos<br />

Managing Editor, Women Writers, Women’s<br />

Books<br />

“Like Sapiens ...if fictionalised and seen<br />

through the eyes of two fierce and<br />

admirable women.”<br />

Zero Filter Books<br />

Available to buy at:<br />

Amazon.co.uk<br />

Bookdepository.com


_____________<br />

Later, as my fingers clenched around the<br />

joystick, I would rethink my hasty trek through<br />

the doors of the machine. Thinking back on my<br />

naivety ‒ as I sit in a chair whose contours have<br />

sagged and worn into the perfect imprint of<br />

myself ‒ my willingness to take apart time and<br />

fiddle it into something else, is foreign to me<br />

now. Youth is a curious toxin. I remember the<br />

fire of it running through me, though I’m sure<br />

I didn’t register it at the time.<br />

When the machine appeared, I was full of<br />

heady youth and frustration, and dissatisfied<br />

with certain aspects of my life. I suppose I<br />

wanted the comfort of knowing I would be all<br />

right. That was my first mistake. When I first<br />

saw myself as I would be, I recoiled. Something<br />

primal and instinctual snapped like a harp<br />

string around me. I was doing wrong on a<br />

cosmic level. It was like seeing my intestines<br />

outside my body. I was corrupt at a base level.<br />

All the mannerisms and ticks of character that<br />

I should have been experiencing from the<br />

inside were externalised. I saw myself as I was:<br />

painfully small. An insignificant member of the<br />

human race.<br />

After that, I knew I could not go back. To see<br />

that and resume normality was impossible. I<br />

refused to wait out my future, feeling the skin<br />

slowly sagging away from me, my arteries<br />

constricting, my joints rusting, and mind<br />

congealing. Losing every part of myself so slowly<br />

I would barely register it until I woke up one<br />

day decrepit and moaning for days gone by.<br />

Aging was a profound and unnatural fear, its<br />

roots reaching deep in me.<br />

I would later remember my hands shaking as<br />

I punched numbers into the machine, almost at<br />

random, as if guided by something outside<br />

myself. Seeing my future self, I was urged<br />

desperately forward, away from it.<br />

In the time I appeared next, I was already<br />

dead. As horrid as it sounds, I was relieved. I<br />

wanted no glimpse of the poltergeist I was to


ecome. Instead, I found myself at the funeral<br />

of my dearest friend, someone I met as a child<br />

and we had rarely parted company since. He<br />

was the most important person in my life. There<br />

were ornate displays of flowers. Mourners wept<br />

throughout the room. His mother was sobbing.<br />

As I looked on his casket, I felt nothing. All the<br />

other people who had been dear to me had<br />

warped in my absence. They had disentangled<br />

themselves from my memory. Their eulogies<br />

were tributes to strangers.<br />

Throughout this time-hopping, I wasn’t<br />

aging, although my fingers became wiry as they<br />

danced over the panels of my machine. Now<br />

that the people I loved had been wrested from<br />

me, I was free. Free to travel further, free to find<br />

a place I could be happy.<br />

In fifty years, they found the cure for cancer.<br />

Old men and women with walkers tottered<br />

around the neighbourhood. Rosy cheeks over<br />

withered, drooping skin. Walkers to conceal<br />

atrophying limbs. I moved on.<br />

In one hundred years, plastic surgery would<br />

remove a person’s imperfections. Glossy<br />

magazines models come to life breezed through<br />

the streets, laughing. They frightened me, these<br />

perfect specimens. Their skin was like rubber,<br />

or the lustrous paper of the magazines they<br />

read. I had a horrid feeling in the pit of my<br />

stomach, as if at any minute the faces might fall<br />

off, leaving the people with skin as raw as a<br />

skinned animal, hung up to tenderise. Panic<br />

clawed at my throat. I tugged at my hair and<br />

moved on once more.<br />

to settle down, to stay in one time for even a<br />

week, I would shiver uncontrollably. I could<br />

never sleep, so instead I roamed the streets of a<br />

world that was always hostile and foreign to me.<br />

I was not wanted, the buildings and streets told<br />

me. I could no longer live in real time. I had<br />

been expelled from the natural order of things.<br />

The only way I could operate was always moving<br />

on, living in time lapse.<br />

I know eventually I may run out of time. It<br />

only makes sense that if there is a beginning,<br />

there must also be an end. I walk through the<br />

dark corridor of time with no clue as to where<br />

the precipice will be, or what will happen when<br />

I reach it. I have seen more than any person<br />

could have dreamed. Empires have fallen,<br />

rebuilt, fallen again. An ambitious young man<br />

takes too much; a foolish young woman wants<br />

to change the world. The patterns are always the<br />

same.<br />

I am no longer afraid to stop living; I have<br />

never lived. I have been life-adjacent. My<br />

machine and I, silent observers of history,<br />

refugees of time. No-one can miss me, because<br />

they do not know I am missing. I exist on the<br />

rim, observing the world find new ways to<br />

destroy itself and patch itself up again. It is<br />

futile. I am futile. But after so long what else<br />

can I do?<br />

I move on.<br />

Understand, these futures I darted furtively<br />

through were veritable utopias. Plague, war and<br />

famine had been all but done away with.<br />

Lifespans were longer, life was better, people<br />

were happy. I was not happy. I had developed a<br />

new state of living, here in my sequestered<br />

bubble. It was addicting. Every time I attempted


I’ve heard it said that every superpower is a<br />

personification of a human desire, an<br />

acknowledgement of our limits. We want to<br />

read minds because we know we lack perfect<br />

empathy. We want invisibility to avoid<br />

judgement. Following this train of logic, time<br />

travel would be the personification of a desire<br />

to remove oneself from the immediacy of<br />

events. To jump back and forth through the<br />

time stream is to remove any vitality, any<br />

legitimacy from the emotions life would<br />

usually evoke. When you can move on to an<br />

entirely different time whenever you like, an<br />

earthquake, a war, a famine, mean nothing.<br />

There is always another century.<br />

I have always considered dystopias to be<br />

intrinsically linked to the tradition of<br />

Romanticism. The emphasis it places on<br />

individuality, emotion and the human spirit,<br />

I find, translates rather seamlessly into a<br />

dystopian future. Because of this, many of the<br />

stories I read and write that have dystopian<br />

undertones focus on emotion. The terror<br />

inspired by an authoritarian government, the<br />

miasma of a society without progress, the<br />

horror of losing autonomy over one’s self. In<br />

writing Time Lapse I asked myself under what<br />

circumstances could these emotions be<br />

numbed? In what situation would a person


lose their human instinct to care, and worry<br />

about their perceived futures?<br />

In many dystopias this emotional numbing<br />

can result from lack of control and<br />

knowledge. In George Orwell’s 1984 none of<br />

the citizens are upset about the regimes<br />

because they lack any room for independent<br />

thought or control over their destinies. The<br />

characters in these stories are stifled with<br />

ignorance, while the character in my story is<br />

crushed by knowledge. Knowing nothing<br />

about the world around you obviously<br />

renders it impossible for you to respond<br />

properly to it. Knowing everything though,<br />

knowing the outcome of every possible event<br />

makes responding to the world pointless in<br />

the first place. You can’t truly live in a world<br />

you know everything about. I remember once<br />

I was having a lot of issues with school and<br />

complaining to my father about how I wish I<br />

had everything figured out. He replied that<br />

once someone had everything figured out,<br />

they died. That’s really stuck in my mind<br />

since, and I think it’s partially because it<br />

reminds me that we thrive on not knowing.<br />

The uncertainty of the direction our lives will<br />

take is the only thing keeping us invested. If we<br />

already knew the destination, the journey would<br />

lose all meaning. Having no control over the<br />

world you live in is dangerous, having complete<br />

control over it is just as bad.<br />

This is what my character experiences in the<br />

story. They are essentially handed a roadmap<br />

of the entire universe, given ultimate power<br />

and control. Yet they do nothing with it.<br />

Absolute power reduces them to<br />

powerlessness. This is because when they<br />

distance themselves from the world, and<br />

know everything about it, they lose the will to<br />

care about it.<br />

In my mind, this emotional removal from<br />

events is one of the most dangerous threats to<br />

us today. The way we get our news, through<br />

our phones, our laptops, our websites, stops<br />

us feeling the emotional impact of events. It’s<br />

hard to muster up the energy to care about a<br />

mass shooting when we know there will just<br />

be another one in a week’s time. This<br />

constant influx of tragedy overwhelms us, and<br />

makes us indifferent to it. Indifference is<br />

dangerous, and if we don’t care or can’t<br />

process the problems we’re facing, we can’t fix<br />

them.<br />

Time travel is an extreme example of being<br />

removed from society. The protagonist in<br />

Time Lapse loses their humanity slowly,<br />

feeling more and more indifferent to events<br />

that should cause intense emotion.<br />

Eventually, they start to take an almost<br />

morbid delight in watching the rises and falls<br />

of humanity. They feel immune to all the


pain others feel. Time travel, for them was a<br />

way to bypass nature, to become immortal, to<br />

watch the world with the removed, unbiased<br />

eye of a god. This idea of trying to overcome<br />

your earthly limits has been being written<br />

about since the creation of mainstream<br />

science fiction, with Mary Shelley's<br />

‘Frankenstein’. I think it is such a popular<br />

narrative because humans are inherently<br />

driven towards progress, bettering ourselves<br />

any way we can. With that though, comes the<br />

fear ‘how far is too far? At what point to we<br />

start to tempt fate?’. Dr Frankenstein in<br />

Frankenstein and the protagonist from my<br />

novel both take steps to far, in the name of<br />

hubris, or the desire to become something<br />

more than themselves. Both of them feel the<br />

effects of this, and lose what they most value<br />

in this pursuit of mindless progress.<br />

Now, I’m not one to tell you that progress<br />

is inherently evil either. It’s unlikely<br />

smartphones are going to ruin us, and the<br />

robot uprising seems like it’s still a few years<br />

away. I do think, however, that progress<br />

without thought, without debate, is a<br />

dangerous thing. So often we do things just<br />

because they seem like the next thing to do.<br />

When we walk this line without careful<br />

consideration of what we’re trying to achieve,<br />

the lines between moral and immoral become<br />

blurred. Is it okay to use genetic engineering<br />

to stop the extinction of a plant species? To<br />

promote crop growth? To decide your child's<br />

eye colour? Everyone will have a different<br />

perception of where that line is, which makes<br />

collective, societal ideals hard to agree upon.<br />

In Time Lapse, the protagonist becomes<br />

addicted to progress. Though the pockets of<br />

time they explore seem almost utopian, they<br />

can’t help thinking that the grass might be<br />

greener in the next generation.


The idea of progress, especially<br />

technological progress runs through a lot of<br />

dystopia and is often used as a metaphor for<br />

humans natural urge for progression and<br />

betterment. Though these values should be<br />

good in themselves, they are often villainized<br />

in dystopia. Technology has become our<br />

modern Frankenstein, a symbol of humans<br />

‘playing God’ and giving themselves more<br />

power than they know how to handle. The<br />

power technology holds in our society is<br />

inarguable. Very few industries do not utilize<br />

it and without it, society would collapse.<br />

However, I am skeptical of the notion that<br />

technology has somehow altered the essence<br />

of humanity.<br />

There’s always been a small place in my<br />

heart for dystopias. Part of this may come<br />

down to morbid fascination with the dark<br />

and dreary. But I think it’s more likely that<br />

my love for dystopia comes from my curiosity<br />

about humanity in general. Dystopias rely on<br />

tropes such as tyrannical government,<br />

oppressive society and suppression of free<br />

speech, but that’s not really what they’re<br />

about. At their hearts dystopias are about<br />

humanity and the way it triumphs, or fails to<br />

triumph over oppressive circumstances. This<br />

exploration of humanity has always captured<br />

me, and I think it’s the foundation of most<br />

literature, not just dystopia. The debate about<br />

human nature has been ongoing and ever<br />

changing since the beginning of time. In this<br />

particular debate, the only certainty is that we<br />

will certainly be having it forever. But taking<br />

our ideas and shaping them into cohesive<br />

stories for people to read, critique, argue and<br />

agree with, is in my mind, one of the most<br />

important things we could be doing.


Leonis A2 / Leonis Minor System<br />

_____________<br />

She was startled out of her reverie by the<br />

sound of her own voice. After nearly four earthstandard<br />

months alone, she had forgotten what<br />

it sounded like. She had been trying to imagine<br />

herself objectively, like a narrator<br />

commentating her own life story, and the word<br />

had just come out, escaping from her mouth as<br />

though seeking freedom from her mind.<br />

“Rebecca.”<br />

Her name seemed to bounce around inside<br />

her helmet, and she laughed a little then,<br />

thinking how ridiculous it was that she had<br />

managed to give herself a fright like that. Over<br />

the last few weeks, she had begun to doubt who<br />

she really was, as in her solitude she<br />

painstakingly analysed all those tangled threads<br />

that came together to form: Rebecca Toombes,<br />

the ‘famous’ xeno-biologist.<br />

She wondered if she might have been out solo<br />

for too long this time. The nearest human being<br />

was light-years away. Maybe she would look<br />

back on this moment, when she had talked and<br />

laughed to herself, to find it amongst the initial<br />

signs that her train of thought had derailed for<br />

good. She had been lying there on the dusty<br />

ground in foetal position day-dreaming as suns<br />

scythed across the sky. Now she stood up for the<br />

first time in what felt like days. The piles of<br />

orange dust that had accumulated around her<br />

body stayed behind as she arose, leaving an<br />

outline of her prone figure. Two suns shone<br />

from opposite horizons, one rising large, dim<br />

and red, while the other set small, bright and<br />

yellow. The light between them extinguished<br />

any shadows thrown onto the uneven ground.<br />

Initially, this world had seemed miserably<br />

barren and bleak to Rebecca. The orange,<br />

yellow and red hues cast over everything by the<br />

two suns and the pervasive volcanic dust offered<br />

an uninteresting palette. At least that had been<br />

her impression a decade ago when she had first


come to this star-system. But now, four months<br />

into her second journey here, and solo this<br />

time, the bright gold and silver colours of her<br />

suit seemed an offensively garish visual affront<br />

amidst the subtle tri-tone beauty she had now<br />

come to appreciate here. Although these garish<br />

colours made her feel incongruous to her<br />

surroundings, she knew that it had no<br />

detrimental effect upon her efforts to stalk her<br />

prey, who sensed its world in ways that had<br />

nothing to do with visible light.<br />

The creature lay fifty meters away to the<br />

north. It had not moved in almost two days<br />

now, but she knew better than to try and sneak<br />

up on it since even after months of painstaking<br />

habituation work it had only now begun to let<br />

her get this close. She had discovered a new<br />

boundary to its personal space each time it fled,<br />

and it would take hours of finding the swishswish-swish<br />

of its tracks in the dust and then<br />

following them before she caught up with it<br />

again. For an animal that moved so slowly in its<br />

everyday routine, if at all, it could sure escape in<br />

a hurry. It would throw its long flat body up<br />

into the thick atmosphere to flap and flip itself<br />

through the air like a ribbon. Sometimes she<br />

would have to travel up to a kilometre to find<br />

where it had landed and then follow its tracks<br />

anew. Every two weeks or so, once the creature<br />

seemed settled into feeding off a fresh rift,<br />

Rebecca would retreat back over a hill or ridge,<br />

and call in her re-supply from orbit. This<br />

avoided the fiery re-entry of the tiny incoming<br />

capsules from her orbiting starship startling the<br />

animal. Her top-of-the-line ‘Exploration<br />

Standard’ environment suit had air, food, water<br />

and waste recycling facilities that could sustain<br />

her for up to three earth-standard weeks, but<br />

she re-supplied every fortnight to keep a margin<br />

of error up her sleeve.<br />

The local days here were erratic since the<br />

circumbinary orbit that the planet inhabited<br />

saw it orbit two stars which in turn circled each<br />

other, offering the sky of the rapidly spinning<br />

Leonis A2 either two suns, a big red sun, a little<br />

yellow sun, or no suns at all. In the case of the<br />

latter, bright nebulae would fill the sky on these<br />

short nights, as though a tapestry of glowing<br />

blue and magenta had been draped over the<br />

planet. She slept in the open, but if some<br />

sudden storm or danger came upon her, the<br />

suit could encapsulate her in a protective shield<br />

of super-strong material. If anything indeed<br />

went wrong, the automated landing-craft from<br />

her starship could collect her and bring her<br />

back to the safety of orbit within a few hours,<br />

even if she was unconscious. In many ways, the<br />

sense of ‘living on the edge' that she felt was just<br />

a fallacy, but still, it was refreshing to be alone<br />

this time around.<br />

Ten years ago, the success of her initial<br />

gamble concerning the possibility of indigenous<br />

life on this planet had seen her sent with a large<br />

team of xeno-biologists, technicians, security<br />

personnel, engineers, and ship crew, along with<br />

a representative from the nameless organisation<br />

that was fronting up the money for that<br />

expedition. They had mapped the planet's<br />

ecosystem from orbit, swept for microbial<br />

threats, and then carried out a detailed on-theground<br />

analysis within a few square kilometres<br />

of what had seemed like an interesting region.<br />

But just a few weeks later they had been ordered<br />

to pack up and depart for a nearby system<br />

which, while being barren of life, showed<br />

potential for the geological resources that<br />

would actually show a financial return to the<br />

expedition's investors. Alien life might be<br />

scientifically exciting and make for wondrous<br />

entertainment for the trillions of planet-bound


folk, but it didn't really make anyone rich. And<br />

then soon afterwards humanity had found yet<br />

another sentient species elsewhere to add to the<br />

half dozen or so already described, which was<br />

ironically another discovery Rebecca could take<br />

the credit for. And so the public's attention had<br />

moved on, and the binary system of Leonis<br />

Minor, with its planet of peculiar flat animals,<br />

had slipped into the abyss of humanity's<br />

overflowing info-banks to be largely forgotten.<br />

In the years that followed she had used her<br />

own time and resources to pour over the wealth<br />

of information they had gathered in those short<br />

weeks. There were countless other distractions<br />

that had demanded her professional attention,<br />

but there was something about this planet, and<br />

its flat animals, that had stayed in the front of<br />

her mind, even as discoveries that brought<br />

higher accolade and prestige called to her.<br />

Orange dust would permeate her dreams as<br />

she slept, and she would wake holding her<br />

pillow underneath herself as though she was<br />

either wrestling with, or making love to, one of<br />

those long flat animals. Scientifically, there<br />

remained many unanswered questions from<br />

that brief expedition to Leonis A2, as there<br />

always were, but two mysteries simply refused to<br />

leave her mind; Firstly, what exactly were these<br />

creatures feeding on at those volcanic rifts they<br />

migrated between? And given that they had<br />

found no predators at the top of their simple<br />

eco-system, what had these creatures evolved to<br />

escape from in such a hurry?<br />

The time dilation from the faster-than-light<br />

travel she had undertaken to and from the<br />

system meant that while it had been only ten<br />

years since their last expedition for her, one<br />

hundred and sixty-nine earth-standard years<br />

had passed here on the planet. Their old<br />

laboratory had been lost under a mountain of<br />

orange dust, yet with just the computing power<br />

and tools available in her environment suit, and<br />

data-linked from the computer on her orbiting<br />

star-ship, she had stumbled across an answer to<br />

the first question within a few weeks. The fact<br />

that she had missed what seemed like such an<br />

obvious answer to her now seemed shameful. In<br />

her defence, the answer was, to say the least, a<br />

revolutionary form of biology and, at first<br />

glance, utterly impossible.<br />

During the first expedition they had, after<br />

much effort, managed to catch a smaller version<br />

of the animal she was currently tracking. They<br />

had taken it back to the forward-deployed<br />

laboratory they had set up within their study<br />

zone. There were many experienced members<br />

amongst her crew, who had been exposed to<br />

vast amounts of weird and wonderful alien<br />

lifeforms over their careers, but this creature<br />

had them truly baffled. Firstly, it had no eyes or<br />

ears or other sensors that would allow it to have<br />

any situational awareness of its environment.<br />

Yet it indeed did have such awareness, because<br />

if you got too close to them, they would flip<br />

themselves into the air and flap off. It also had<br />

no mouth. Indeed, they found no openings at<br />

all in its body, and its skin did not appear to be


permeable to solids, allowing no form of<br />

ingestion and excretion between the creature<br />

and its environment.<br />

The creature's skin had an almost metallic<br />

texture, its colour fading from a dense black at<br />

its front to the off-white of its tail. It had been<br />

difficult to house, since while it was only half a<br />

meter wide, it was over six meters long, and at<br />

the most ten centimetres in height. It seemed at<br />

pains to keep each of its ends as far apart from<br />

each other as possible, which evidently it had<br />

trouble doing within the confines of its two by<br />

two meter transparent enclosure. After a short<br />

time, just a week, the animal had died in<br />

captivity.<br />

Upon autopsy, they had found it to be mostly<br />

muscle-like tissue and none of its internal<br />

organs were recognisable or analogous to any<br />

terrestrial or currently known extra-terrestrial<br />

biological systems. The composition of its tissue<br />

was highly metallic, with a complex and evenly<br />

distributed super-conductive nervous system,<br />

yet with no nodes of complexity that might<br />

suggest a brain. The fluids found within it<br />

consisted of dense electrolytes, and instead of<br />

any bone structure, it had thin wire-like ribs<br />

composed of lithium metal, held within its<br />

highly acidic muscle tissue. In hindsight, if one<br />

of the engineers from their starship had been<br />

present, they might have nonchalantly<br />

exclaimed "Oh, hey look at that. It's a Lithium-<br />

Ion battery." Chalk up another sharp reminder<br />

to engage in inter-disciplinary peer-review. They<br />

had all missed the clues.<br />

Here in the Leonis Minor Binary system, one<br />

star was huge and dim, while the other was<br />

much smaller, brighter and denser. The<br />

circumbinary nature of its orbit created<br />

fluctuations in the pull of gravity exerted<br />

against Leonis A2 that made its internal geology<br />

highly energetic, and thus its crust was split into<br />

deep fractures through which the planets<br />

interior heat was vented into the cold<br />

atmosphere. It was around these cracks in the<br />

planet's skin that its ecology was centred. These<br />

rifts would wax and wane in intensity, and they<br />

had discovered that the creatures migrated<br />

between them, somehow knowing where the<br />

nearest area of activity was. They would nestle<br />

their black ‘heads’ right into the hot vent, and<br />

leave their long bodies stretched out so that the<br />

tips of their ‘tails' would remain on the cold<br />

ground. The larger and longer the animal, the<br />

further away their tails would be from the heat,<br />

and the colder they would be. The answer had<br />

come to her in a moment of epiphany, and she<br />

had berated herself for not seeing it with the<br />

information she already had from the previous<br />

expedition. The implications were immediate<br />

and obvious to her, and she knew that when<br />

this news reached the board of investors of the<br />

last expedition, they would gather all their<br />

resources nearby and descend upon this planet<br />

in droves, with capital ships and hundreds of<br />

scientists. It would take years for them to get<br />

here, of course, and she would be long gone by<br />

then. There were strong financial incentives to<br />

self-fund an expedition such as she had this<br />

one. The intellectual property rights on this<br />

discovery would set her up for life, and then<br />

some.<br />

The answer, it turned out, was that these<br />

creatures did not have mouths, because they did<br />

not need food. They had evolved to utilise the<br />

energy potential contained in the difference<br />

between the heat at one end of their bodies,<br />

versus the cold at the other. Somehow these<br />

creatures created electrical energy through<br />

chemical processes, which they then stored in<br />

their battery-like bodies. This energy was used<br />

not only to operate their internal systems but<br />

also extract minerals and matter through the<br />

undersides of their bodies. They had missed<br />

this last time since it was done by a unique<br />

electromagnetic process that separated out the<br />

metals at a molecular level.<br />

At this stage, she did not understand what<br />

these electrochemical processes were precisely,


ut she would soon enough. If not her, then the<br />

next wave of researchers would figure it out.<br />

And then a revolutionary and ground-breaking<br />

technology would be realised. Just imagine,<br />

being able to generate energy from any<br />

temperature gradient? Such as the heat outside<br />

a house versus the cold inside. Or vice versa. Or<br />

the Intense heat of a starship's engine versus the<br />

cold vacuum of space? If the process could be<br />

made efficient enough, then the amount of<br />

energy needed to create the heat could be<br />

drastically reduced, as the energy gained from<br />

the heat produced was then fed back into<br />

creating more heat. And it appeared that these<br />

creatures were generating energy very efficiently<br />

indeed, since she had seen her subject arrive at<br />

a hot rift after a week of travel, only to have it<br />

dissipate and go cold a few hours later. The<br />

creature had simply continued on for another<br />

week until it found a new rift to feed on. And<br />

within that period it had flipped away from her<br />

several times, an exercise that was surely taxing<br />

on its energy reserves.<br />

As she followed this creature for months<br />

on end, so much more of its life had started to<br />

make sense. Within their initial two-kilometre<br />

square study area they had found only seven of<br />

them, so their population density was extremely<br />

low. And since following this one, she had seen<br />

it come across another of its kind only once.<br />

That had been a much smaller example, and it<br />

had climbed onto the back of her creature and<br />

stayed there. It was now almost wholly<br />

assimilated into her subject, and she could only<br />

just make out the slight bulge and colouration<br />

where its black head and white tail had been.<br />

This explained how they obtained their genetic<br />

diversity. She had kept multi-spectral scans<br />

running on her subject through this whole<br />

period, and she was looking forward to<br />

analysing the data when she finally did get back<br />

to her starship that orbited above the planet.<br />

Her environment suit might be a marvel of<br />

modern science, sustaining her every need as<br />

she existed alone here, but despite its own<br />

artificial intelligence and computing power, the<br />

kind of in-depth analysis of the zettabytes of<br />

information she was collecting daily was beyond<br />

its ability. She had found the A.I. more<br />

annoying than helpful, and so had kept it<br />

turned off to protect her sanity for the past few<br />

months.<br />

The animal began to move again, so she<br />

gathered up the tools and sensors she had laid<br />

out while she slept, re-attached them to her suit,<br />

and began to follow it. The creature was a slow<br />

mover, but she had come to learn to relax into<br />

the slightly-less-than-walking pace she needed to<br />

maintain to match its speed. She scuffed her<br />

feet against the ground, kicking clouds of<br />

orange dust up with each step. Looking like<br />

some kind of ‘flat-fish' the animal rippled the<br />

muscles along its underside to power itself<br />

forwards, leaving the tell-tale swishing waves of<br />

dust behind.<br />

By the end of the day they had covered almost<br />

forty kilometres, and their goal came into view.<br />

As the small yellow sun set to the east ahead of<br />

them, it was lost into a fiercely shimmering<br />

haze. It flickered like a strobe light across the<br />

land, the shadows from the uneven ground<br />

jumping further as it lowered towards the rift<br />

that split the horizon. Finally, as it disappeared<br />

from view behind a churning wall of superheated<br />

air, its light was spread across the sky<br />

behind her as though by the great brushstrokes<br />

of a drunkard, until it vanished, and the great<br />

arc of nebulae filled the skies overhead once<br />

more. The creatures pace quickened, as if in<br />

anticipation of its destination, and she had to<br />

jog to keep up with it. There would be no sleep<br />

for her tonight that was for sure. Rebecca kept<br />

the night vision offered by her suit turned off,<br />

so as not to subtract from the majesty of the<br />

nebulae above her.<br />

Rebecca wished then that she could travel<br />

back in time, to whisper into the ear of her<br />

confused and unconfident adolescent self, to


tell herself about this moment that would<br />

come. If only she could have known that she<br />

would one day be racing across an alien world<br />

that she had found, to chase an alien being that<br />

she had discovered, under a night sky<br />

dominated by these huge and beautiful<br />

nebulae. She had to confess that life really had<br />

worked out pretty well for her. The sacrifices<br />

had been worth it for this moment alone. Her<br />

suit subtly illuminated the un-even ground that<br />

lay in her path within the display of her helmet.<br />

As she tired from the quickened pace, the suit<br />

took up the workload, until she was almost<br />

being carried along by it. According to her<br />

navigation aids, they would reach the rift in six<br />

hours, by which time the large red sun would<br />

be high in the sky behind them.<br />

This was the ninth rift that she had followed<br />

her subject to, but it was noticeably different.<br />

Firstly, the wall of hot air was more intense, the<br />

hottest she had seen yet, at 350 degrees Celsius,<br />

versus the five degrees of the atmosphere<br />

around it. The air jetted at almost 200<br />

kilometres per hour out of the centre of the tenmeter-wide<br />

rift, rising into the sky like a reverse<br />

waterfall of vapour and shimmering haze.<br />

But the most noticeable difference from usual<br />

was the ground leading up to the rift. From two<br />

hundred meters away the ubiquitous orange<br />

dust, which usually stayed constant right up<br />

until the very lip of a rift, gave way to a mat of<br />

moss-like material that offered a softer texture<br />

beneath her boots. She had seen this moss<br />

before, and at one point studied it carefully,<br />

marvelling at yet another parallel evolution of<br />

photosynthesis, but had never seen such a thick<br />

and wide field of it. She stopped to cut out a<br />

piece, which came away easily, as though her<br />

knife was slicing through a few inches of soft<br />

butter. Underneath it, the regular orange dust<br />

remained.<br />

She took a few moments to secure it in one of<br />

her sample pouches, then turned around to see<br />

that the hole she had cut was gone, as though it<br />

had grown over in that impossibly short period<br />

of time. Rebecca looked around herself, in case<br />

she was merely disorientated, but couldn’t find<br />

the freshly cut scar anywhere. She was about to<br />

crouch for another sample when she realised<br />

the creature was now only several meters away<br />

from the rift, and that she would miss the initial<br />

action unless she prioritised. She slid her knife<br />

into its sheath on her thigh and sprinted<br />

towards the rift, double checking all her suit<br />

sensors were at maximum, while with one arm<br />

she reached around to the back of her suit,<br />

withdrew her small sensor drone, and threw it<br />

into the air. It buzzed off above her to keep<br />

station and record events.<br />

The creature threw its head into the wall of<br />

hot air, and then flicked its tail back as far<br />

behind itself as it could, as though it was a towel<br />

being fluttered out onto the sand at the beach.<br />

A shiver ran through its body, and it shook<br />

itself as though settling itself into the ground.<br />

Rebecca fell to her knees twenty meters away,<br />

the closest yet she had been to this animal by<br />

far, and most certainly the closest she had been<br />

to it while it fed. She was getting reckless.<br />

Cocky. She chided herself, yet relished the<br />

excitement of it. Barely perceptible colours<br />

could be made out flowing along the creatures<br />

back, subtle blues and purples, and for a<br />

moment it reminded her of the flashing<br />

graphics that showed a piece of equipment<br />

charging. She brought the holographic and


multi-spectral view from the drone above her<br />

into her helmet display and gasped at the<br />

enhanced imagery of energy flowing through<br />

the creature's body. Then, the ground shook<br />

beneath her.<br />

“What the…” The ground lurched again,<br />

viciously this time, and she was thrown off her<br />

knees and onto her back. Rebecca got up onto<br />

her elbow and saw the creature had stiffened,<br />

then it curled itself up as it did when it was<br />

about to flip away. And the rift, the rift<br />

was…much closer. Another lurch and she was<br />

rolled over and over as the ground fled from<br />

underneath her, pulling her towards the rift.<br />

Instinctively she jumped to her feet and began<br />

to run away from the rift and its wall of superheated<br />

air, but the ground pulled away from<br />

underneath her again and she fell forward onto<br />

her face. She got to her feet and ran again,<br />

sprinting with all of her might this time.<br />

“Ship! Suit! Fuck!” she yelled as she ran.<br />

The ground was racing towards the rift<br />

constantly now, yet still she ran, but like a<br />

mouse in a wheel or an athlete on a speeding<br />

treadmill, she was going nowhere. A shadow fell<br />

across her as the creature sped overhead,<br />

flapping and flipping its way away from the rift,<br />

back the way it had come.<br />

“Fuck!”<br />

It was all she could manage. Her suit had<br />

finally cottoned on to what was going on, and<br />

with a start, she lurched forward as it added its<br />

own power into her running, but it was too<br />

much too soon, and she overbalanced, falling<br />

backwards as her legs ran ahead from<br />

underneath of herself in a blur. She rolled a few<br />

times, and then she tried to stand up to run<br />

again, but the air was thick with orange dust,<br />

and she couldn't tell which direction the<br />

ground was moving in or which way she was<br />

supposed to run. Her suit was yelling warnings<br />

at her, the first time it had spoken in months,<br />

but she couldn't concentrate on what it was<br />

saying amidst the turmoil of the racing ground<br />

beneath her, something about ‘temperature'<br />

and ‘shield deployment failure'. There was only<br />

the rushing ground, the swirling dust, the roar<br />

of the hot air. She had one clear thought within<br />

the panic, and it was not of herself or her safety<br />

at all, but of the discovery.<br />

“Suit! Ship! Transmit all! Transmit all now!”<br />

she screamed.<br />

She managed to sit up on the sliding ground<br />

and was faced with a terrifying view inside the<br />

rift that rapidly loomed towards her, the ground<br />

flowing over into it the abyss. As she came to<br />

the edge, she looked down and knew. In a split<br />

second, she knew what this was, and what those<br />

creatures had evolved to fly away from in such<br />

a hurry. She was looking down into the bowels<br />

of a plant, a carnivorous plant, some kind of<br />

Sarcophagophyta-like thing that had grown<br />

itself into the hot rift. Long wide orchid-like<br />

tubes along its centre let the air through to reform<br />

the unbroken wall of hot air as though it<br />

wasn't there at all. Its insides were a mottled<br />

collection of decaying matter, with the ‘ground'<br />

furling back into the fronds nestled along the<br />

inside wall of the rift that they had been grown<br />

forth from. Thin spines curved inwards from<br />

below the edge of the rift into the rising wall of<br />

heated air. She wanted to close her eyes but<br />

couldn't, she was transfixed in horror, yet still<br />

managed to think how beautiful this Venusflytrap<br />

from hell was. As her feet went over the<br />

precipice, her final instinct was to fruitlessly<br />

reach back towards the lip of the rift with her<br />

hands, and as she did so, she caught a glimpse<br />

a long dark shape flying towards her from out<br />

of the orange desert.<br />

Within moments the creature had curled its<br />

black body around her legs and torso, and then<br />

it lifted her upwards above the edge of the rift<br />

as the ground still rushed away underneath<br />

them. Then, just before its white tail came over<br />

the lip of the rift, it flicked her away like a rag<br />

doll. She flew fifty meters through the air to


land awkwardly upon one knee, which she felt<br />

snap sideways underneath her as she tumbled<br />

over and over in the orange dust. Rebecca<br />

screamed out in agony as the pain hit her like a<br />

piercing fire in her leg.<br />

[Initiating sedation.]<br />

She felt a sharp pierce in her neck, and then<br />

numbness began to spread.<br />

[Setting Right Leg]<br />

Rebecca felt the suit straighten her broken<br />

leg, by which time the anaesthetic had spread to<br />

her feet.<br />

[Initiating Recovery Protocol Alpha One.<br />

Mark. ETA Seventy-five minutes. Initiating<br />

Diagnostic Scan and…]<br />

As the suit rattled off its intentions she went<br />

limp, her head fell back to the ground, and as<br />

she lost consciousness, she gazed out at the<br />

shimmering haze that split her now vertical<br />

horizon like a mirror. There was only orange<br />

ground now though, no ‘moss' to be seen. And<br />

no creature. Just orange dust. The shimmering<br />

air. Darkness.<br />

a few things to clear up here and then I'll come<br />

back to civilisation.' The term ‘mum' was a<br />

metaphor obviously since with all the faster<br />

than light travel Rebecca had done over her<br />

career, time dilation had seen her mother pass<br />

away hundreds of years ago. Such was the<br />

sacrifice of her profession.<br />

She named them ‘Angelus Autem Calidum -<br />

Toombes R - LMS A2’. ‘Angels of the Heat’, as<br />

discovered by Rebecca Toombes, on Leonis A2,<br />

Leonis Minor System. But everyone just called<br />

them ‘Angels’ now. The emergency<br />

transmission of all her raw-data had been<br />

received by the information grid first, followed<br />

a few days later by a hurriedly recorded update<br />

from aboard her ship when she awoke, in which<br />

pleaded for everybody to ‘please not look at the<br />

raw-data because that is exactly what it was’, and<br />

how ‘it would make much better reading once<br />

she had written it up properly’, and that ‘it was<br />

like reading the rough first-draft of lyrics to a<br />

song before hearing the tune itself’, and that it<br />

was ‘her intellectual property’ and that ‘she only<br />

sent it out because she thought she was going to<br />

die’, and ‘mum don’t worry I’m fine, I just have<br />

The holographic recordings of her<br />

predicament and subsequent rescue by the alien<br />

had spread through the information grid like<br />

wildfire, propagated by the latest generations of<br />

faster-than-light message capsules, making her a<br />

household name throughout the cluster. But<br />

within her profession itself, Rebecca was wildly<br />

derided as a ‘reckless-lone-wolf' who got lucky.<br />

The technology derived from the following<br />

study of Leonis A2's unique ecology most


certainly was a boon for both herself and the<br />

investors of the initial expedition. But she<br />

didn't like the fame, and she didn't need the<br />

money. Rebecca longed to shed her new overpowering<br />

fame, to once again be that original<br />

‘her', an identity she had spent all those lonely<br />

months contemplating and crafting in that<br />

orange desert. Then, the investors offered her<br />

the gig of a lifetime, leading a hand-picked<br />

xenobiology team on what seemed to be the<br />

ultimate expedition, one that would probably be<br />

a one way trip across thousands of light years of<br />

unexplored cosmos. She made them wait for a<br />

reply, bettering her negotiation position as<br />

though she had other options on the table, but<br />

she was only ever going to say yes. ◊<br />

“Where is everybody?” In 1950, these were<br />

the words exclaimed by physicist Enrico<br />

Fermi after a day’s brooding over an old,<br />

unanswered question. Astronomic reports<br />

based on 2013 Kepler space mission data state<br />

that there could be as many as 40 billion<br />

Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable


zones of sun-like stars and red dwarf stars<br />

within the Milky Way Galaxy alone. Even if<br />

only a tiny fraction of those fill all the<br />

requirements for developing complex life,<br />

one would think that we’d be constantly<br />

meeting our cosmological neighbours. In a<br />

universe so huge, so varied, and so complex,<br />

and where it seems likely that so many kinds<br />

of life would develop and flourish in different<br />

ways, why haven’t we found anybody?<br />

Fermi’s studies into this topic, particularly<br />

in combination with Drake’s equation,<br />

formulating the potential number of<br />

intelligent civilisations in any given galaxy<br />

depending on its possession of certain kinds<br />

of conditions, came to be known as the Fermi<br />

Paradox, and it's a problem we are wrestling<br />

to this day.<br />

The Fermi Paradox has a great many<br />

potential answers, some suggesting that life<br />

existed before or will exist after us, that there<br />

are physical restrictions meaning they can't<br />

find us, or we can't find them, or even<br />

thatand why we’re alone in the universe. One<br />

answer to the Fermi Paradox that is explored<br />

in in Hot & Cold is the fact that there might<br />

be alien life all around us, even within reach,<br />

but because it is so different from us, we<br />

haven’t even noticed it yet.<br />

The creature in Hot & Cold was a creation<br />

that obeyed a great many scientific rules and<br />

laws and fits within our general conception of<br />

“life”. However, extensive though our<br />

present-day search for extra-terrestrial life<br />

from here on earth may be, it is exceedingly<br />

likely that any of the organisations on the<br />

lookout would find it. The requirements that<br />

we put on life in our extra-terrestrial search,<br />

be it through NASA, SETI, or other<br />

individual researchers, are so narrow that they<br />

only apply to life as we already know it.<br />

Unfortunately, as life goes, our home planet’s<br />

inhabitants are really all we have to go on.<br />

This is frustrating for searchers intent on<br />

learning about our alien neighbours, as the<br />

one thing we can be almost certain of in our<br />

search for extra-terrestrial life is that it will<br />

take the form of life as we don’t know it. The<br />

Drake equation (and many of the ET<br />

searches) usually pin their hopes on the<br />

following prerequisites, and tend not to<br />

watch out for much else.


– from www.space.com<br />

We’re looking for earth-sized, terrestrial<br />

planets with surface level water, a nice,<br />

thin atmosphere, and orbiting a star (or<br />

star system) in a comparable relationship<br />

to the one we have with our Sol. This is<br />

extremely specific, extremely restrictive,<br />

and rules out any kind of life that doesn’t<br />

fit within the specifications we have here<br />

on earth – there are even earth-based life<br />

forms that we’d struggle to conceive of<br />

within these bounds, like microbes living<br />

on the inside of Yellowstone’s hot springs,<br />

creating blooming colours in a cloud of<br />

steam acidic enough to dissolve nails – or<br />

sharks and stingrays living in near-boiling<br />

waters on the interior of active sea<br />

volcanoes.<br />

But, that’s just the problem. If we have no<br />

idea what this alien life might look or be<br />

like, how can we look out for it? For the<br />

moment, we’re stuck with what we know.<br />

By finding a planet or solar system that is as<br />

close to ours as possible, we might be<br />

increasing our chances of finding a<br />

duplicate of the set of conditions that<br />

allowed life to flourish here, and maybe the<br />

same kind of life that we’ve got here on<br />

Earth might have appeared there too. The<br />

likelihood of our own life having come<br />

about is unknown, but probably extremely<br />

low. Abiogenesis, the phenomenon of


organic life arising from combinations of<br />

chemicals and the way Earth’s life is<br />

currently believed to have formulated,<br />

could be exceedingly rare. Even if we found<br />

an identical set of conditions in the next<br />

solar system over, the chances of life<br />

developing there would be just as unlikely<br />

– we could find countless perfect goldilocks<br />

planets and still never stumble across one<br />

as anomalous as ours.<br />

If we were able to broaden our search to<br />

more varieties of potential life, we might<br />

even have some luck searching a little closer<br />

to home. It’s possible that life could have<br />

developed on gas giants or seemingly frozen<br />

moons in our own solar system, and we<br />

haven’t yet got the technology or the<br />

scientific know-how to seek them out (see<br />

side quotes).


The concept that life can only come about<br />

within the carbon-based bounds that we possess<br />

is very restrictive. Perhaps lifeforms on the next<br />

planet are so different from us that they are<br />

unable to be detected via light or sound. Perhaps<br />

they are gaseous or liquid, rather than (mostly)<br />

solid. Perhaps, like in Hot & Cold, they don’t<br />

require water or any means of nutrition that we<br />

would understand. One method of lifesearching<br />

is to monitor the atmospheres of<br />

exoplanets for gases that would not be there<br />

absent some kind of biological life, even<br />

microbes or bacterium. On Earth, one of those<br />

gases is oxygen, being constantly replenished by<br />

plant life, and we’re on the lookout for oxygenrich<br />

atmospheres elsewhere for exactly this<br />

reason. We tend not to look for gaseous<br />

sulphur, for example, as it is regularly emitted by<br />

volcanoes and therefore fairly common – but<br />

any sulphur-emitting life that we’re yet to<br />

conceive of are then flying under our radar.<br />

assumption too far. A relatively new theory<br />

posits that if we, humans, have moved from<br />

prototypic computers to universal, handheld<br />

supercomputers between 1945 and today, an<br />

alien species coming about earlier or<br />

developing faster than us could easily have<br />

moved on to making life of their own –<br />

biological or otherwise. Seth Shostak, a senior<br />

astronomer at the SETI Institute, has said<br />

There is a whole universe<br />

of possibilities of life forms that we are as yet<br />

unable to search for, simply because we don’t<br />

know how to conceive of them yet.<br />

As it turns out, even searching out life that<br />

is traditionally “biological” might be an<br />

≠<br />

Most all of our major avenues for searching<br />

for alien life involve radio. We have been<br />

emitting radio out into the depths of space for<br />

decades, some incidentally, and some<br />

intentionally. SETI’s main goal is to either<br />

finally stumble into the firing line of some<br />

incidental non-natural radio waves from<br />

another civilisation, or have our own heard<br />

and responded to. For humans, this is our<br />

best way of attempting to communicate<br />

outside of our solar system. Unfortunately,<br />

this method also leaves a lot to be desired.<br />

Drake himself (of Drake’s Equation) was of<br />

the opinion that only one in every hundred<br />

intelligent species would discover radio in the<br />

capacity that it’d be able to communicate with<br />

ours. An intelligent species might be as or<br />

more advanced than humans and never have<br />

invented radio, never having had the need for<br />

it or having developed a means of longdistance<br />

communication that doesn’t utilise<br />

any of the wavelengths that we’re watching<br />

out for. Not only this, but in only searching<br />

for radio frequencies we are limiting ourselves<br />

to potentially finding only technologically<br />

intelligent life – and only a very fine band of it.<br />

While stumbling upon an advanced alien<br />

civilisation with whom we can communicate<br />

would be incredible, so would coming upon a<br />

lush alien landscape (seascape? Airscape?)<br />

populated with pre-technology species which<br />

we could study and understand. Gorillas,<br />

dolphins, parrots, corvids, and even octopus


are earth species intelligent enough to use<br />

tools, learn, exhibit self-awareness, empathy<br />

or altruism, and communicate with humans<br />

on a complex level – even understanding<br />

theoretical concepts as well as simple physical<br />

commands or nouns. The amount we could<br />

learn from a species this intelligent on<br />

another planet, in another solar system, is<br />

unprecedented – but we’re not looking for<br />

them yet.<br />

Fortunately for us, our boundaries are<br />

evolving. The more we learn about life on<br />

earth, physics in space, and the possibilities<br />

that science affords, the wider our search can<br />

become. For example, a relatively recent<br />

development in SETI itself saw researchers<br />

turning their focus from only yellow dwarf<br />

doppelgangers of our own home star<br />

(expecting that a sun like ours could make a<br />

planet like ours and therefore life like ours),<br />

and are now actively including red dwarfs as a<br />

strong possibility in the search after<br />

discovering that despite their generally not<br />

running as hot, they still have a great many<br />

planets in their habitable “Goldilocks” zones<br />

capable of producing life as we know it.<br />

Binary star systems like the one in which Hot<br />

& Cold takes place are very complex in terms<br />

of temperature & light patterns, but also<br />

haven’t been ruled out as places where alien<br />

life might thrive. As with all science, the only<br />

answers we have are the ones we’re trying to<br />

prove wrong, and the more we prove wrong,<br />

the further ahead we progress. Carl Sagan said<br />

beautifully in the above linked clip, “There’s<br />

no predictive theory of biology just as there is<br />

no predictive theory of history. The reason is<br />

the same. Both subjects are still too<br />

complicated for us. But, we can understand<br />

ourselves much better by understanding other<br />

cases.”<br />

Specktor, B. (<strong>2018</strong>, July 31). Strange, Scientific Excuses<br />

for Why Humans Haven't Found Aliens Yet. Retrieved<br />

from Live Science:<br />

https://www.livescience.com/63208-alien-lifeexcuses.html<br />

O'Neill, I. (2013, March 11). 13 Ways to Hunt<br />

Intelligent Aliens. Retrieved from Space.com:<br />

https://www.space.com/20155-hunting-intelligentaliens-extreme-seti.html<br />

SETI Institute. (date unknown). The Drake Equation.<br />

Retrieved from SETI Institute:<br />

https://www.seti.org/drake-equation


_____________<br />

Arnie took a deep breath and kept his eyes<br />

closed. The room smelled different.<br />

Instead of the familiar odor of antiseptics,<br />

he smelled flowers with a faint hint of ozone<br />

as if an afternoon rain shower had recently<br />

passed. When he opened his eyes, he was in<br />

a white room with soft lighting and a large<br />

window. He heard birds singing outside.<br />

Had he died? His oldest son had lean over<br />

his hospital bed and hurriedly attached<br />

wires to Arnie’s head. His other two<br />

children had stood in the background.<br />

“Mr. Greensway?” A soft voice came from<br />

everywhere. “Please remain where you are.<br />

A counselor is on his way.”<br />

Where did they expect him to go? He’d<br />

been bedridden for years. But, for the first<br />

time in a long time, he didn’t hurt<br />

anywhere. Had they done something to him<br />

to numb his disintegrating nerves?<br />

“Mr. Greensway?” A young man entered<br />

the room. “I’m sorry I wasn’t here when you<br />

awoke. It’s been so long since you had your<br />

last happy first day, we weren’t prepared.<br />

We want you to be as comfortable as<br />

possible during your time here.”<br />

The androgynous young man, hairless and<br />

dressed in a white tunic and pants, seemed<br />

part of the room.<br />

“Where am I?” Arnie asked. He gestured<br />

at the large elliptical window. It wasn’t a<br />

window at all, but a large doorway leading<br />

to an outside balcony. This was unlike any<br />

hospital he’d ever seen.<br />

The young man smiled. “You’re in the<br />

Atrium. It’s a place where returnees adjust<br />

to their new lives. I’m Jazon. I’m here to<br />

help you.”<br />

“Tell it to me straight, Jazon. Am I dead?”


The young man laughed. “You are not.<br />

You can get up and have lunch now.”<br />

“What?” Arnie couldn’t recall when he’d<br />

last sat up in bed by himself.<br />

“Am I using the wrong word?” Jazon<br />

asked. “I never really understood the<br />

difference between lunch, dinner, and<br />

supper.” He looked embarrassed. “I rushed<br />

through the language and personal history<br />

tapes when they told me you were awake.”<br />

“Your oldest, Matt, is currently on his way<br />

to Neptune in a solar ship the size of your<br />

fingernail, but I think he has a backup copy<br />

here on Earth if you’d like to talk to him.<br />

Otherwise, we’ll call him this afternoon.”<br />

Arnie was confused. “Neptune? Backup?<br />

What about my other children?” His daughter<br />

and youngest son had visited infrequently,<br />

pretending he wasn’t at death’s door.<br />

“I’ve been sick,” Arnie said. He didn’t<br />

understand what the stranger was saying. “I<br />

don’t get out of bed much.”<br />

“You’re fine now. Here, let me help you.”<br />

Although he looked delicate, Jazon had<br />

no difficulty raising Arnie to a sitting<br />

position.<br />

There was no pain. Arnie stared down at<br />

his old body, expecting the agonies that had<br />

become part of him. “What’s happened to<br />

me?”<br />

“There’s much to explain, Mr.<br />

Greensway,” Jazon said. “Would you like<br />

some coffee or tea?”<br />

Arnie sat on the side of the bed, staring<br />

down at his feet as they touched the floor,<br />

still in shock he could move without pain.<br />

“No. What kind of hospital is this?”<br />

“It’s more of a resting place for returnees.<br />

I’ll explain after lunch.”<br />

Was Arnie a returnee? What had he<br />

returned from?<br />

A soft breeze came through the open<br />

doorway. Everything in the room, the desk,<br />

the chairs, and even the bed, were molded<br />

in soft curves.<br />

“Where are my children?” he asked. He<br />

hoped his kids hadn’t left their old man<br />

alone in some experimental clinic.<br />

“Serena and Olivia are on their way.”<br />

“You mean Oliver,” Arnie said. “I have<br />

two sons and a daughter.”<br />

“No longer. Oliver decided to come back<br />

as Olivia,” Jazon said.<br />

“Come back? Come back from where?”<br />

Jazon took a deep breath.<br />

Greensway, what year is it?”<br />

“Mr.<br />

“It should be 2024,” he said. “Have I been<br />

in a coma?”<br />

“Not really. Something wonderful<br />

happened in 2024. The Singularity. Your<br />

son gave us the world we have today.”<br />

Arnie raised his right hand. A large scar,<br />

the result of a childhood tree-climbing<br />

accident, was gone. “Yes, Matt works in<br />

computers. Is Neptune the name of his<br />

company? I can’t keep it straight.”<br />

“This is the year 2147 using the old<br />

calendar,” Jazon said. “With the<br />

Singularity, people had their memories and<br />

personalities transferred to a computer.<br />

Since it began, no one has officially died.”


“You mean I’m in a computer? None of<br />

this is real?”<br />

Jazon shook his head. “No. This is real.<br />

You’re real. You were created by an organic<br />

3-D printer, and your memories were loaded<br />

into your body.”<br />

“I need air.” Arnie had died and now he<br />

was back, but something was wrong. Why<br />

had it taken them so long to build him a<br />

new body and dump in his stored<br />

memories?<br />

“Certainly.” Jazon took Arnie’s elbow and<br />

helped him stand.<br />

Arnie, amazed how well he felt, walked<br />

unaided to the open window.<br />

He wasn’t dead; he was dreaming. On the<br />

balcony, soft light came from a ceiling far<br />

above and illuminated other balconies,<br />

thousands of them, in a gently curving<br />

atrium lined with ferns and flowers. Far<br />

below, trees dotted walkways and waterfalls.<br />

Birds nested in the trees and flew through<br />

the air below.<br />

“What the hell?” Arnie asked. “Where are<br />

we?”<br />

DNA molecule. We’ll never run out of<br />

room to store returnees.”<br />

Arnie placed his veined and wrinkled<br />

hands on the railing. “Can we come back<br />

younger?”<br />

“Certainly,” Jazon said. “You’re more<br />

comfortable when you return at this age.”<br />

“You mean I’ve returned before?”<br />

“Yes,” Jazon said. “Yours is a peculiar<br />

situation.”<br />

“Since my wife died before 2021, I don’t<br />

suppose she’s here?”<br />

“I’m afraid not. In fact, you were the first<br />

person to be converted to digital data. You<br />

probably shouldn’t have been part of the<br />

Singularity, but your son is hopeful that he<br />

will correct the original glitch in a few more<br />

centuries.”<br />

“Glitch? What kind of glitch?”<br />

“According to our records, being forthright<br />

works best with you. Your son attempted to<br />

scan your brain into a computer before the<br />

process was fully understood. You died while<br />

you were being scanned.”<br />

“We’re deep underground, Mr.<br />

Greensway. We left the surface to<br />

reestablish itself decades ago. We’ve<br />

thousands of these subterranean cities. We<br />

biologicals need habitats to work and play<br />

in. When our organic forms wear out, we’ll<br />

be read into the computer, and create any<br />

bodies we wish.”<br />

“But if what you’re saying is true and<br />

nobody dies,” Arnie said, “there must be<br />

billions of returnees.”<br />

“Most remain in virtual reality or emigrate<br />

to the outer planets. Our technology has<br />

advanced since you left the first time. We<br />

can store terabytes of information in a single<br />

“So, I’m incomplete?”<br />

“No,” Jazon said. “Physically and<br />

mentally, you’re fine. Unfortunately, your<br />

thought processes only exist for twenty-four<br />

hours before they break down.”


Arnie watched a passing bird. “You mean<br />

I live this same day over and over?”<br />

“Yes. When a returnee comes back, we<br />

always say, ‘Happy First Day!’ and have a<br />

party, but that would be cruel since you<br />

come back so often and can’t recall it.”<br />

“How often?”<br />

“It varies. Some days you spend with your<br />

children, some you explore the Atrium.<br />

Some you research what has happened since<br />

you passed away. Less frequently, you brood<br />

and tell us not to resurrect you again.”<br />

“Why do you?”<br />

“Because you relish this one day,” Jazon<br />

said, “even when you know it will pass<br />

without remembering it. Before you go to<br />

bed tonight, you’ll tell us when to wake you<br />

next time.”<br />

“It’s diabolical.” Arnie’s throat tightened.<br />

“Forcing me to live one First Day over and<br />

over.”<br />

“You do request to return less frequently<br />

as time goes on. But one day you may have<br />

other options. Don’t give up. In the<br />

meantime, we have your schedule for<br />

today.”<br />

Arnie considered hurling himself over the<br />

railing, but they’d probably resurrect him<br />

tomorrow to try and figure out why he’d<br />

done it. For all he knew, they’d done it<br />

before. “What schedule?”<br />

“We are having lunch with Serena before<br />

speaking with Matt on his ship.”<br />

“Grandpa!” A small boy ran forward and<br />

gave Arnie a hug around the waist. In the<br />

doorway, Serena stood with several younger<br />

children. The young woman behind her<br />

must be Oliver.<br />

Arnie returned the boy’s hug and smiled.<br />

“I see why I keep scheduling my return.<br />

Happiness can be just as wonderful in a day<br />

as a lifetime.”<br />

Jazon nodded.<br />

Arnie.” ◊<br />

“Happy First Day,


more feasible fiction on which to attach our<br />

hopes for never-ending life.<br />

But how feasible is it? As we begin to<br />

develop real science and technology to explore<br />

ways of housing a human consciousness, how<br />

much stock can we put into the practicality of<br />

immortality within our lifetimes, or ever?<br />

“Type” and “Token” are philosophical terms<br />

used to describe an object’s relative identity.<br />

There is a simple linguistic distinction<br />

between the two that can be described in the<br />

following example:<br />

Examples of the transferral of human<br />

consciousness to achieve immortality is a<br />

hugely prevalent theme throughout the<br />

history of multiple genres of fiction. Both<br />

Isaac and Janet Asimov’s writings explored the<br />

subject (in short story The Last Question and<br />

novel Mind Transfer respectively). Richard K<br />

Morgan’s Altered Carbon (recently adapted into<br />

a Netflix Original TV series) sees human<br />

minds coded onto “stacks” and rehoused into<br />

newly grown (or more dubiously acquired)<br />

bodies. Black Mirror episode San Junipero<br />

explores the idea of uploading one’s mind into<br />

a virtual reality as a proxy for the afterlife.<br />

Consciousness transferral is science &<br />

speculative fiction’s answer to the otherwise<br />

pure fantasy idea of human immortality – a<br />

Say I have on my mantelpiece a tissue box.<br />

Somehow, one day, it accidentally gets<br />

knocked into the fire and completely<br />

destroyed – erased from existence. Although<br />

that item is gone forever, I am an able to<br />

procure a tissue box that is wholly identical,<br />

down to the number of tissues remaining and<br />

the exact dimensions of the box with<br />

subatomic accuracy, to replace it with.<br />

Generally, in language, we would say that the<br />

new tissue box I place on my mantle is “the<br />

same”. This is only half true. The only<br />

difference between the destroyed tissue box<br />

and the replacement one is a numerical<br />

difference. This exact kind of tissue box – one<br />

with this exact number of tissues remaining,<br />

these exact dimensions, etc – is a type, and<br />

each the destroyed box and the one now on<br />

my mantle, are tokens. While they are<br />

qualitatively identical (and members of the<br />

same type), they are numerically separate.<br />

This seems like an intuitive but not<br />

particularly practical way to communicate<br />

identity. After all, the tissue boxes, physically,<br />

bear no difference at all – there is no value to<br />

me in their distinction as two tokens of one<br />

type. My life doesn’t change in the slightest<br />

with the destruction of the first token as long


as there is a second ready to take its place. This<br />

changes significantly when combined with the<br />

concept of consciousness, or of personal<br />

identity.<br />

Now, let’s say that you, rather than the<br />

tissue box, are completely destroyed. Your<br />

mind and body are absolutely erased from<br />

existence. Luckily, your friends and loved ones<br />

have a back-up you; a qualitatively identical<br />

copy, from your haircut to your genome, from<br />

your sense of humour to the number of cells<br />

in your right femur. Whatever hole that you<br />

left, your loved ones fill with this qualitatively,<br />

not numerically, identical copy of you, which<br />

goes on to live your life exactly as you would<br />

have done otherwise.<br />

Now that sentience is involved, the value of<br />

this distinction starts to become clear. This is<br />

the situation that Arnie awakens to in the<br />

story we have just read.<br />

It’s often said that a person changes over<br />

time; for example, “I am not the man that I<br />

was ten years ago”. However, generally, we<br />

intuitively believe as humans that our identity<br />

persists; while the man I may have been ten<br />

years ago and the man I am today might have<br />

palpable and significant differences, they are<br />

still, numerically, the same item, and they are<br />

connected by that one all-important thing; our<br />

consciousness. The fact that it is the same<br />

incorporeal entity that experiences the<br />

thoughts, memories and emotions all shared<br />

by that body across its existence is what makes<br />

us believe that the person we wake up as in the<br />

morning is the same one that we fell asleep as<br />

the night before.<br />

When we cut that connection, as science<br />

fiction does all the time, our intuitive belief<br />

wavers. If you were to transplant every<br />

thought, experience, piece of knowledge,<br />

memory and personality trait from my brain<br />

onto a USB drive, remove it from my body,<br />

and reinstall it into another, in what way is it<br />

the same consciousness? Is it that same,<br />

numerically identical entity? Or is it a second<br />

token; a consciousness with all of my<br />

memories, including being taken out of my<br />

original body, and already accruing new<br />

memories, like being placed into a new one? If<br />

I take my consciousness and put it in a brandnew<br />

shell every ten years for the rest of time,<br />

have I achieved immortality?<br />

Unfortunately, we tend to think not.<br />

Rather, in this scenario, I have opted to cut<br />

my own life short and create, every ten years,<br />

a brand-new entity that simply thinks it’s old.<br />

This new being has no connection to the<br />

consciousness that was back in my original<br />

biological body, apart from some everdecreasing<br />

qualitative similarities.<br />

This problem has kept humans up at night<br />

throughout history. One of the integral<br />

themes of gothic literature is the usurpation of<br />

personal identity; twins, clones and identity<br />

theft are used to push the stories further down<br />

into the uncanny valley. Even further back,<br />

ancient European folklore told of a creature<br />

called a “Changeling”, which entered the


human world when a newborn baby was<br />

swapped out by malicious beings for a fairy<br />

child, physically identical to the original but<br />

cursed and inhuman.<br />

Today, we struggle with new forms of selfduplication.<br />

Is that connection between<br />

today’s me and yesterday’s me broken if I<br />

suffer a significant enough brain injury? If I<br />

die for a few minutes and am successfully<br />

resuscitated? What about the ever-increasing<br />

popularity of cryogenic freezing? Will the me<br />

that resurfaces in 100 years’ time have any<br />

connection to the me that they freeze?<br />

Start-up company Humai is making their<br />

own attempt to hack into human mortality by<br />

measuring and quantifying the way one’s<br />

living brain works, and then after death,<br />

transferring that brain into a robotic body and<br />

replicating the collected actions and<br />

behaviours to approximate a resurrection. In<br />

their own words:<br />

True, we already have prosthetics and robotics<br />

that can be controlled with input from human<br />

brainwaves, and nanotechnology already exists<br />

for some forms of microscopic biological<br />

repair, however almost none of the technology<br />

required to transcript the patterns of the<br />

human brain (nor to replicate it on a<br />

functional scale) yet exists. Despite this, CEO<br />

Josh Bocanegra has claimed that his team will<br />

have resurrected their first human some time<br />

within the next 30 years.<br />

The Arnie Greensway we meet in Happy First<br />

Day! is one product of a technology like this.<br />

Interestingly, he is little preoccupied with his<br />

identity as a single token of a well-populated<br />

type. After all, as the outcome of such a<br />

problem, not its originator, the fear of<br />

replacement completely loses relevance; I have<br />

everything to lose in transferring my<br />

consciousness into a new body, if it turns out<br />

that a new consciousness is created and mine<br />

extinguished, rather than my original one<br />

being moved. The new consciousness,<br />

however, not only<br />

identifies as me, but<br />

has already been put<br />

into the new and<br />

improved vessel. She<br />

has nothing left to fear.<br />

Can we say that this<br />

consciousness, because<br />

it is new or a duplicate,<br />

has any less value than<br />

the consciousness of<br />

an original human?<br />

Outside of our integral<br />

human anxiety about<br />

replication and being<br />

replaced, there’s not<br />

really any reason that<br />

we can. My new and<br />

improved clone is a<br />

person just as much as<br />

I was, with thoughts


and feelings and as deserving of moral<br />

consideration the same as any. While, given<br />

the choice, I might feel I have the right or even<br />

the responsibility of destroying my double<br />

(most likely out of self-preservation rather<br />

than some more altruistic goal), in my absence<br />

there would be no feasible argument to treat<br />

them any differently than I’d be treated<br />

myself.<br />

As is usually the case with our deepest<br />

human desires, immortality persists as far a<br />

more complex endeavour the closer we get to<br />

understanding it. Though we’re closer to<br />

staving off death than we have ever been in<br />

human history, it may pay to wait until a few<br />

more pressing questions are answered before<br />

we safely send our consciousnesses off into<br />

brighter futures.<br />

Belluck, P. (2017, August 4). Gene Editing for ‘Designer<br />

Babies’? Highly Unlikely, Scientists Say. Retrieved from<br />

The <strong>New</strong> York Times:<br />

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-new-start-up-wants-totransfer-your-consciousness-to-an-artificial-body-so-youcan-live-forever<br />

Wetzel, Linda, "Types and Tokens", The Stanford<br />

Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall <strong>2018</strong> Edition),<br />

Edward N. Zalta (ed.):<br />

https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall<strong>2018</strong>/entries/<br />

types-tokens/.<br />

Kuhn, R.L. (2016). Virtual Immortality: Why the Mind-<br />

Body Problem is still a Problem. Retrieved from Closer to<br />

Truth:<br />

https://www.closertotruth.com/articles/virtualimmortality-robert-lawrence-kuhn


I woke up this morning with a head full of<br />

doggerel. The poem bore the stamp of youthful<br />

enthusiasm, if not of quality. A quick search<br />

through my diaries revealed that I wrote it on<br />

my sixteenth birthday. You would doubtless<br />

recognise the source of my inspiration, Leroy, if<br />

I recited that piece to you now.<br />

_____________<br />

There once was an artist who pickled a cow,<br />

Then sliced it in half with a chainsaw.<br />

He encased it in glass,<br />

Did the same to its calf,<br />

Yet was mocked for creating an eyesore!<br />

In truth, I was never much of a poet, as you<br />

reminded me whenever you read my<br />

scribblings. Even so, those clumsy lines evoke<br />

the delight I felt on hearing that Mother and<br />

Child Divided had won the 1995 Turner Prize.<br />

The furore whipped up by the tabloids was<br />

sheer inspiration to a wild-child who delighted<br />

in raising hell in her GCSE arts class. Back<br />

then, Damien Hirst was to die for. Soundtracked<br />

by Damon Albarn, of course.<br />

Two years before Britart’s finest hour,<br />

the State of Texas executed a murderer by lethal<br />

injection. Showing laudable, if ironic, concern<br />

for the future, Joseph Paul Jernigan donated his<br />

body to science. A magnetic resonance imager<br />

scanned Jernigan’s cadaver, slicing him into<br />

pixel-planes thin as salami. The so-called Virtual<br />

Human was uploaded onto the Web. Some<br />

people thought the images macabre, others<br />

called them art. By papering the walls of your<br />

studio with them, you placed yourself squarely<br />

in the “art” faction.<br />

Giddy with ambition and blitzed on acid, we<br />

brought our influences to bear on one<br />

outrageous project after another, melding<br />

digital media and roadkill into surreal<br />

installations that became a cause célèbre on the<br />

fringes of the British arts scene. But after four<br />

years of partying and three years of marriage,<br />

our relationship ended in acrimony. Once


matters were in the hands of our lawyers, we<br />

never spoke again. With good reason I might<br />

add, for I had every reason to hate you, didn’t I<br />

Leroy?<br />

Until a week ago, I thought that the passage<br />

of time had blunted my anger, but I felt its<br />

familiar sting when I recognised your<br />

handwriting on that old-fashioned manila<br />

envelope. I was on the point of turning down<br />

your invitation when my Homebot relayed the<br />

news of your death.<br />

As I walk down the long ramp that leads into<br />

the vast chamber of grey-painted brickwork and<br />

black-steel girders that houses the Tate Modern<br />

gallery, it occurs to me that I, Tanya Roberts,<br />

may be nothing more than an early work to be<br />

dusted off and put on display in the exhibition<br />

of your life. I feel sure that you are manipulating<br />

me, just as you did a quarter of a century ago.<br />

Manipulated or not, I cannot help but<br />

be impressed by this, your ultimate creation.<br />

The hologram of a nude, middle-aged man<br />

towers over me, so tall that his scalp seems to<br />

graze the skylight. Your ruggedly handsome face<br />

is tilted downwards and your eyes are closed, as<br />

if the drone that suffuses the Turbine Hall has<br />

lulled you to sleep.<br />

The cultural commentators have heralded<br />

this piece as your definitive bid for artistic<br />

immortality. To a world-famous artist afflicted<br />

with a terminal disease, the temptation to create<br />

some kind of grand summation of one’s life’s<br />

work must have seemed irresistible. But the title<br />

of the piece, You and Me in Disunity, is pregnant<br />

with implication. Perhaps that is why you<br />

invited me to attend a private viewing, before<br />

the cognoscenti descend en masse.<br />

My mind conjures up a vision of the Turbine<br />

Hall swarming with the smug-looking, dressedto-impress<br />

darlings of the Establishment,<br />

gossiping and name-dropping and guzzling<br />

champagne. I dismiss the image with a shake of<br />

my head, glad to have left that world behind.<br />

Determined to obtain the best<br />

possible view of your hologram, I climb the<br />

stairs to the second level, then make my way to<br />

the barrier at the end of the platform. My head<br />

is at the same height as your feet, which float in<br />

mid-air ten metres from me. Only at this close<br />

range can I confirm my suspicion that your<br />

body has been sliced into sections, as if filleted<br />

by an invisible cleaver.<br />

Hyperslice installations are nothing new to<br />

me, but the sight of a slice detaching itself from<br />

your thigh is enough to make me shudder. The<br />

slice spins on its axis as it spirals towards me,<br />

images flickering over its exterior like a magic<br />

lantern. I glimpse a gang of youths pushing a<br />

sports car along a rain-soaked street. A bottle of<br />

vodka passes from hand to hand, then<br />

pinwheels into the chocolate-orange sky. One of<br />

the voices is achingly familiar.<br />

The slice lifts away before it reaches me,<br />

following a trajectory that will return it to your<br />

body. Presumably the incident it records dates<br />

from your late teens, a few years before we met.<br />

The thought that I might experience some of<br />

your subsequent memories makes me tremble.<br />

In spite of my fears, I feel compelled to<br />

interact with the hologram, just like any<br />

member of my generation. I speak a few of the<br />

usual commands to no discernible effect. Sign<br />

language and arm waving also fails to stimulate<br />

a response. It seems that even in death you must<br />

retain complete control.<br />

Amused rather than angry, I watch as a<br />

second slice peels away from your body, this<br />

time from the groin. As the slice settles over me,<br />

insubstantial as a soap bubble, I’m reminded of<br />

that moment of profound emptiness one<br />

experiences when an orchestra is about to strike<br />

up. Then, as if on cue, your sensory impressions<br />

engulf me.<br />

The woman who has caught your eye at the<br />

Students Union disco is almost unrecognisable<br />

to me. Her voice is too strident, her eyes too<br />

wild. And as for her hair! If I remember rightly,


that crimson dye-job was an attempt to emulate<br />

the singer of my then-favourite indie band.<br />

Fuelled by cheap vodka, we dance for hours<br />

to the latest Britpop tunes and end up in bed.<br />

Next morning, the black-and-white<br />

photographs that adorn your bedroom walls<br />

catalyse the woozy afterglow of our one-night<br />

stand into a full-blown relationship. Pablo<br />

Picasso, Andy Warhol and Damien Hirst seem<br />

to be vying for artistic supremacy amidst a<br />

mosaic of press cuttings that celebrates the<br />

icons of Formaldehyde Art.<br />

In truth, I was seduced by your influences.<br />

Contrary to expectation, our relationship<br />

thrived. The sex was amazing, messier than a<br />

Jackson Pollock. A year passed before we began<br />

throwing crockery at each other. An argument<br />

about contraception provoked that first fight. I<br />

sport a tiny scar just below the bridge of my<br />

nose as a memento.<br />

The barrage of teacups has just begun when,<br />

without warning, the slice pulls away. Twitchy<br />

with anticipation, I wait for the next slice to free<br />

itself from your body. At first the background<br />

hum provides the necessary balm, like aural<br />

cotton wool, but soon the sound of whispering<br />

usurps it. The effect seems calculated to irritate<br />

me.<br />

Another slice begins its descent, leaving a gap<br />

in your belly. Hopefully, this one will not pick<br />

up the story where the previous one left off...<br />

I needn’t have worried. For me, this was the<br />

highpoint of our entire relationship. You must<br />

have felt the same way too, judging by the<br />

warmth that permeates your memories. Perhaps<br />

that is why, this time, she really looks like me,<br />

sounds like me.<br />

Four years after our first dance, we are<br />

honeymooning on the Atlantic coast of<br />

Morocco. Having bartered away the afternoon<br />

in the souks of Essaouira, now we are racing<br />

each other along a crescent of sand beneath<br />

glittering stars. Your deliberate trip sends me<br />

tumbling into the surf. Our goose-bumped<br />

limbs entwine, sublime as seahorses. The tang<br />

of brine mixes with the smell of sex. Your<br />

fingernails rake my back, sharp as razor-shells...<br />

The memory ends too soon.<br />

At the time, I wanted that moment to last<br />

forever. I think you did too. Was this the<br />

memory you fixated on when the neural flush<br />

consigned your mind to oblivion and your<br />

memories to posterity? There is no way to be<br />

sure, but I wouldn’t be surprised.<br />

I glance up at your body, still haunted by the<br />

question. The next slice is easing out of your<br />

ribcage even as its predecessor binds back into<br />

your belly.<br />

Once again, your memory of me clashes with<br />

my remembered self-image. Aren’t pregnant<br />

women supposed to glow? Not me, apparently.<br />

As I offer up my belly to the ritual of the midterm<br />

ultrasound scan, you see a woman who<br />

looks dowdy, undesirable, burnt-out.<br />

Offended by your attitude, I make a<br />

concerted effort to ignore your impressions of


the scene and concentrate on my own<br />

memories instead.<br />

I remember squirming as the instrument<br />

head smeared gel across my belly. You squeezed<br />

my hand as if to remind me that I would not be<br />

allowed to skip this particular check-up.<br />

Ultrasound does not harm the foetus, the<br />

consultant had asserted in a tone that seemed<br />

to chastise the defiance I had shown nine weeks<br />

earlier.<br />

At first all I could make out on the TV<br />

monitor were pulsing waves of dark and light<br />

grey. Then the image sharpened, revealing our<br />

child-to-be. She looked like a wax model that<br />

had softened in the sun.<br />

As I turned my head away, I realised the<br />

consultant was frowning.<br />

“Is she healthy? Is she normal? Is she...?”<br />

Three days later, after a demoralising series of<br />

tests, we were called back into the consultant’s<br />

office. He mentioned a virus that caused foetal<br />

malformations; the details passed me by.<br />

Finally, he suggested I have an abortion. I felt<br />

no remorse at the time, only relief. The foetus<br />

was microcephalic. Not viable.<br />

The same was true of our marriage, as it<br />

turned out, though it would be another six<br />

months before I learnt that the hard way. But<br />

you knew already, didn’t you?<br />

You should try again, said the consultant, his<br />

gaze bisecting the two of us.<br />

Needless to say, we did not try again.<br />

The slice lifts away, leaving me to my tears. As<br />

I gaze up at your body, I notice that its successor<br />

contains a piece of your heart. The slice<br />

envelops me before I have a chance to steel<br />

myself for the trauma to come.<br />

Two days before the opening of your first solo<br />

exhibition, you reveal its centrepiece to me.<br />

Within seconds our fists are dancing like alpha<br />

particles in the heart of the sun. Now that sex<br />

cannot bind us together, fission rather than<br />

fusion is the only possible outcome.<br />

The critics hail Mother and Child — Blighted as<br />

your breakthrough work. That the public<br />

unveiling comes so soon after our break-up only<br />

adds to its poignancy in their eyes. They<br />

applaud the unflinching way you weaved our<br />

personal life into a hyperslice constructed from<br />

that first ultrasound scan. My virtual womb<br />

contains an archive of scribbled notes, intimate<br />

emails and playful camcorder clips: a subjective<br />

record of four-and-a-half months of anxiety and<br />

anticipation. Pointedly, you leave an empty<br />

space inside the head of the foetus.<br />

But while you were basking in the adulation<br />

of your peers, I was dissecting your computer’s<br />

hard disk with an electric carving knife. I<br />

realised it was a futile gesture even as I pasted<br />

the slivers onto the walls of what was once our<br />

studio, for you were always meticulous in<br />

backing up your work onto remote servers.<br />

Even so, I felt much better for making that<br />

gesture, childish though it was.<br />

Following our break-up, you produced a series<br />

of hyperslices that attracted universal critical<br />

acclaim, whereas I retreated into obscurity. I<br />

frittered away a couple of years in a rented<br />

studio in Brixton, fashioning barbed wire and<br />

horsehair into expressions of my anger. Finally,<br />

I summoned up the courage to exhibit a few<br />

pieces in one of the more fashionable London<br />

galleries. The derision of the critics<br />

extinguished my desire to create art once and<br />

for all. Instead, I decided to build a new life, a<br />

life that did not contain you.


A glance upwards reveals that the slice has<br />

returned to your body. By rights, it should be<br />

the final one, since we never met again. So why,<br />

then, has your head ejected another slice? No<br />

answer comes to mind during its descent. And<br />

if the whisperers know, they seem disinclined to<br />

tell me.<br />

This time there are no images or sounds, no<br />

sensory impressions of any kind, only darkness<br />

and silence and emptiness. I close my eyes,<br />

preferring to contemplate a void of my own<br />

making. In doing so, I’m reminded of that<br />

powerful feeling of anticipation an artist<br />

experiences when something is about to emerge<br />

from nothing.<br />

The whispering starts up afresh, distracting<br />

me from my meditation. Annoyed by the<br />

interruption, I open my eyes. A moment later<br />

my mouth gapes open, too. Now there are two<br />

holograms floating in the Turbine Hall, facing<br />

away from each other. The woman is middleaged<br />

and naked, just like her companion.<br />

I am still pondering the meaning of this<br />

apparition when your rich baritone emerges<br />

from the susurrus, urging me to tell my side of<br />

our story.<br />

Realisation comes swiftly. Not content with<br />

portraying the disintegration of our<br />

relationship, now you intend to highlight my<br />

failure to emulate your stellar career. The<br />

comparison you make is a stark one; it was then<br />

and it is now. This pair of hyperslices is<br />

supposed to demonstrate that, artistically, I was<br />

nothing without you.<br />

Oh Leroy, this is too much! I thought that my<br />

hatred of you was a thing of the past, but by reentering<br />

my life, however vicariously, you have<br />

rekindled that feeling.<br />

I turn away from the holograms, shuddering.<br />

“Leroy was right all along...”<br />

“In terms of creativity, Tanya was a<br />

lightweight.”<br />

“Do you remember her solo exhibition?”<br />

The erstwhile whisperers are laughing now.<br />

“Leroy was always the strong one...”<br />

“Such a unique talent...”<br />

“Such a sad loss...”<br />

This isn’t the private showing you promised<br />

me, is it Leroy? Oh, I don’t doubt there will be<br />

a formal unveiling tomorrow, with the<br />

interminable speeches and ersatz emotions that<br />

such events entail. But you couldn’t resist one<br />

last manipulation, could you?<br />

“You can prove them wrong, Tanya.”<br />

The sound of your voice still makes me<br />

tremble, and not just because of the bad times.<br />

I, too, have memories that I treasure.<br />

“You can do it, if you really want to.”<br />

“But why should I bother?”<br />

It’s a stupid question to ask a dead man, but<br />

your proxy has been programmed to give me an<br />

answer.<br />

“No one, not even me, has created a<br />

hyperslice ‘live’ in front of an audience. Think<br />

of it as performance art, if you like. It will be<br />

your unique achievement, Tanya. Something<br />

for posterity.”<br />

Hundreds of remote viewers flicker into<br />

virtual existence as I return to my vantage point<br />

at the edge of the platform. These ghostly<br />

figures flit around the Turbine Hall, occluding<br />

each other in a frantic search for the optimum<br />

viewpoint. They behave as if my decision was<br />

never in doubt.<br />

Very well then, something for posterity...<br />

Inspiration buzzes through me like adrenalin,<br />

just like the old times. Guided by your proxy, I<br />

begin downloading files from my personal<br />

archive into the installation. The digital records<br />

of my life will have to suffice, for I have no<br />

intention of emulating your terminal mindflush.<br />

Not now, not ever. But even though I<br />

cannot match your absolute commitment to<br />

art, there are elements I can introduce to this<br />

event that your devotees may find challenging.<br />

You thought that I would load this blank<br />

hyperslice with my perspective on our time<br />

together, didn’t you Leroy? Giving me the right<br />

of reply must have seemed fair to you, a final


alancing of the books. The death of love<br />

observed from two irreconcilable viewpoints;<br />

the ultimate artistic collaboration. It must have<br />

amused you to think of the critics deliberating<br />

over which version of the Morocco sex scene<br />

they preferred. I have no doubt that mine<br />

would have been dismissed as a naive work, not<br />

fit to be compared with the ultimate<br />

achievement of the great Leroy Haines.<br />

If that was your plan, I must apologise for not<br />

sticking to the script. But I have a quite<br />

different story to tell, one that is so much richer<br />

than yours.<br />

My story tells of a new start and a change of<br />

direction. It tells of a woman who gave up art to<br />

teach English; who got lucky and met a man<br />

who would, in time, come to adore her. Most<br />

important of all, it tells of the three daughters<br />

they brought into this world.<br />

There’s Jennifer, her blonde hair streaming<br />

past bony shoulders, her eight year-old face<br />

beaming with pleasure as the playground swing<br />

lifts her high into the air.<br />

And that’s Emma, slimmer and darker than<br />

Jennifer, her typically serious expression<br />

breaking into a shy little smile as she receives a<br />

rosette at her first gymkhana.<br />

And there’s Katie, her face smudged with<br />

chocolate, giggling as she toddles around the<br />

garden, pursued by her father.<br />

Already, I can hear peals of laughter echoing<br />

around the hall. Not that the verdict of the<br />

critics worries me in the slightest, not any more.<br />

What do I care if they think of my hyperslice as<br />

sentimental dross?<br />

I stand on the platform with my head held<br />

high, waiting for the laughter to die down. It<br />

seems to take an eternity, but eventually a hush<br />

settles over the Turbine Hall. Moments later,<br />

the silence is broken by the sound of footsteps.<br />

I greet my family with hugs and kisses. Emma<br />

and Jennifer wriggle free of my clutches, much<br />

keener to play with a hyperslice than to bond<br />

with its creator. Within seconds they have<br />

worked out how to replay the video sequences.<br />

“So embarrassing!” I hear Jennifer cry.<br />

My husband slips one arm round my waist<br />

and tickles my hip, making me giggle. His other<br />

hand is tickling Katie, who is riding on his<br />

shoulders. Not for much longer, I fear, for she<br />

is growing fast. Time always forces us to give up<br />

those things that we want to cherish forever.<br />

Leroy, I’m not one of those people who think<br />

of their children as works of art. But I do know<br />

for certain that they represent the only kind of<br />

immortality that matters to me. ◊


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