20855_Editing_descriptions_Years_4_and_5

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Punctuation, spelling and grammar information PUNCTUATION Please note: In some cases, teachers will need to exercise their own judgment with regard to punctuation, as certain aspects, particularly commas and exclamation marks, are to an extent discretionary and depend on the individual writer’s intent. Capital letters Capital letters are needed for: • sentence beginnings; e.g. My dog is very friendly. He welcomes everyone. • proper nouns – people’s names (Chloe Parker), names of places (Indian Ocean), days of the week (Saturday), months (December), holidays and festivals (Christmas ), countries (America), nationalities (Russian), languages (Italian) and religions (Buddhism). • titles; e.g. World Health Organisation NOTE: R.I.C. Publications employs minimal capitalisation for titles of books and other publications as recommended by Style manual for authors, editors and printers, sixth edition 2002. Commas To kill a mockingbird Commas are used to separate items in a list or series. I enjoy reading, playing squash, skiing and swimming. Grammatical commas are used to: • make the meaning of a sentence clear. Jane said her mother is very busy. Jane, said her mother, is very busy. • indicate where a pause is needed in a sentence. Many years ago, dinosaurs roamed the Earth. Apostrophes for possession Snow White and the seven dwarfs (Jane’s mother is very busy.) (Jane is very busy.) Apostrophes are used to show that something belongs to someone or something. The placement of the apostrophe can be challenging but the simple rule is that it is placed after the owner or owners. (The ‘tail’ of the apostrophe ‘points’ to the owner(s).) the boy’s shoes (one boy) ............... the boys’ shoes (more than one boy) the lady’s hats (one lady)............... the ladies’ hats (more than one lady) Grammatical contractions Grammatical contractions are words that have been made by joining and shortening two words. An apostrophe is used in place of the missing letters. would not..............wouldn’t I would............................I’d Exclamation marks will not......................won’t they are.................. they’re Exclamation marks are used to end exclamations and imperatives (commands) and for emphasis at the end of a statement. I love it! Teacher information Don’t touch! She ate every bit of it! Note: If overused, exclamation marks lose their effect. viii Editing skills R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricgroup.com.au
Quotation marks Quotation marks are used: • to enclose quoted speech Single or double quotation marks are accepted but must be used consistently. ‘You’re late again’, my mother complained. “I’m sorry”, I replied. • To enclose quotes within quotes, one set is used outside and the other inside. He reported, ‘My mother complained, “Late again, John”’. • To cite a title (Note: In word processing, italics is preferred.). Colons I read the book ‘Black Beauty’. A colon is a marker of relationship and sequence. Colons are used: • before offset lists You need to take: warm socks, sturdy walking shoes, a raincoat. • between a statement and explanation I remember you: we went to the same school. • with quotations Malcolm Fraser said: ‘Life wasn’t meant to be easy’. Parentheses (round brackets) The main use of parentheses is to enclose explanations and asides. Parentheses are used to: • add explanatory words Ian Thorpe (Australia) is a champion swimmer. • express the same thing in a different way He ran 6 km (kilometres). • set-off an aside Hyphens He won the race in record (yet to be confirmed) time. Hyphens are short strokes (without a space on either side) used to join words or parts of words. ice-cream Teacher information pre-existing Note: Students should be encouraged to refer to a modern dictionary to check for current hyphenation, as it changes over time in response to common use. R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricgroup.com.au Editing skills ix
Page 1 and 2: Your partner in education YEARS 4-5
Page 3 and 4: Foreword Editing skills consists of
Page 5 and 6: Student pages Teacher information
Page 7: Activity content Page number GRAMMA
Page 11 and 12: Prepositions Prepositions show the
Page 13 and 14: Writing format checklists Student d
Page 15 and 16: Tasmanian devil Lesson focus Teache
Page 17 and 18: Chinatown Teachers notes Lesson foc
Page 19 and 20: The Aquada Lesson focus Teachers no
Page 21 and 22: The Great Barrier Reef Teachers not
Page 23 and 24: Glow-worm grotto Lesson focus Teach
Page 25 and 26: Missing person Lesson focus Teacher

20855_Editing_descriptions_Years_4_and_5

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