sistem educational

Education in Romania

Introduction
Romania’s current education system is relatively new. Under
communism, education in Romania was politically-fueled. The
communist revolution in eastern Europe heavily influenced a
nationalistic approach to education in Romania.
Education is regulated and enforced by the Ministry of National
Education. Each step has its own form of organization and is subject
to different laws and directives. Since the downfall of the communist
regime, the Romanian educational system has been through several
reforms.

Kindergarden
Kindergardens offer
preschool education for
children (usually between
ages 3–6) and are optional.
Kindergarden typically lasts
for 3 forms – "small group"
(grupa mică) for children
aged 3–4, "middle group"
(grupa mijlocie), for children
aged 4–5, and "big group"
(grupa mare) for children
aged 5–6.

Kindergarden services differ from one
kindergarden to another, and from public (state) to
private ones, and may include initiation in foreign
languages (typically English, French or German),
introduction in computer studies, dancing,
swimming, etc.
All kindergardens provide at least one meal or one
snack, some having their own kitchen and their
own cooks. Many kindergardens (especially the
private ones) provide children with transportation
to and from the kindergarten. Groups typically
have 1–2 teachers and 10–15 children (typically
more in state kindergartens).

Primary school
Primary school starts with grade 0, or
the preparatory year, which develops the
children's reading and writing skills. The
school calendar is the same in all the
country, and it runs for 35 weeks, roughly
from September 15 to June 15.
For grades 0-4 there is a single teacher
(either a man or a woman), who teaches all
subjects. The primary school curriculum is
focused on Romanian language, math,
sciences and foreign languages.

For instance, a 4th grade student ( 10–
11 years of age) may have on a weekly
basis:
• 4 classes of Math;
• 4–5 classes of Romanian Language
and Literature;
• 1 class of History;
• 1 class of Geography;
• 1–2 classes of Science;
• 2 classes of Art (Painting and
Handcrafting);
• 1–3 classes of a foreign language
(usually French, English or German);

• 1–2 classes of Introduction to
Computers;
• 1 class of Civic Education (a
subject teaching everything from
personal hygiene to the
Constitution and manners in
society);
• 1 class of Religion;
• 1 class of Music Education;
• 2 classes of Physical Education.
• 1 class of an optional subject

Secondary school
There is no entrance exam
to secondary school, and it is
usually continued at the same
institution that provides the
primary education.
Subjects are taught by different
teachers.
A regular school week has
between 26-32 hours of
schooling, in groups of about 25
students. Furthermore, each
class has a teacher designated to
be class principal teacher,
besides teaching his or hers
usual subject.

The curriculum is focused on
mathematics and Romanian language and
literature, and also includes science, social
studies, foreign languages, technology and
art.
The 8th grade marks the last year of
secondary school, and at the end the pupils
need to pass an Assessment Exam
(Evaluarea Națională), on two subjects:
Romanian language and Literature, and
Mathematics. The final grade at the
assessment exam and the average grades
during the secondary school are used for the
acceptance into high-school.

High Schools

Admission

The passing mark is 5 for each. The
admission grade is calculated by taking
into account 20% of all the Yearly
General Averages starting with year 5,
the rest of 80% being the National Test
grade. If the admission grade is lower
than 5 than students choose from a
variety of vocational schools with it`s
main studies being Crafts and Trades.
MA=a student`s admission average
ABS=a student`s final average from V-VIII
classes
EN=a student`s National Testing average
Agricultural
High School
Oravita
(Arts and
Crafts
School)
====>

High School types
There are five types of high schools in Romania
allowing access to university, based on the type of
education offered and their academic
performance. All of these allow for a high school
diploma, access to the BAC exam and therefore
access to university studies.
The choice of high school profile and
specialization does not limit the choices for
university. So, for example, one can apply for the
Language Department of a University without any
problem despite having studied Mathemathics-
Computer Programming in high school.

The Romanian high school education
system includes:
1^
4^
5^
3^
2^
1. National College: the most prestigious
high school
2. Millitary College: administered by the
National Defense Ministry, strict and
usually act like army units
3. Economic/Technological College:
high school based mostly on the study
of technological education and
services
4. Standard High school: standard high
school with specific academic
programs
5. Scholar Group:a group of an average
high school offering and a Crafts and
Trade School;

High School duration and graduation
High school studies are four years in
length, two compulsory (9th and 10th
year), two non-compulsory (11th and
12th year). There are no exams between
the 10th and the 11 years.
High school students graduating from
High School must take the National
Baccalaureate Exam (Examenul National
de Bacalaureat — also known as the
BAC).The Bacalaureat consists of 2 or 3
oral examinations and 4 or 5 written
examinations, usually spanning on the
course of one and a half weeks in late
June and September.
BAC- oral evaluation^
BAC- written evaluation^

High School programs
Every type of high school can offer one of the profiles
or academic programs:
• theoretical programs:
o Science (Profil Real):mathematics and
o
computer programming or natural sciences
Humanities(Profil Uman) philology (literature
and latin) and social studies (history, sociology
and psychology
• technical programs:offers qualifications in a field
such as electrician, industrial machine operator,
train driver and mechanic etc.
• vocational programs:offers qualifications in a field
such as kindergarten educator, assistant architect, or
pedagogue
• services and economics programs:offers
qualifications in a field such as waiter, chef or
tourism operator

Higher Education
Higher education is
provided by universities,
institutes, study academies,
schools of higher education,
and other similar
establishments, collectively
referred to as higher
education institutions
(HEIs) or universities. HEIs
can be state-owned or
private; they are non-profit,
apolitical in nature and
focused on the public
interest.

Classification
Universities are divided
into three tiers:
• Universities focusing
on education and
scientific research;
• Universities focusing
on education and art;
• Universities with an
advanced research
and education focus;

Some of the most
prominent Romanian
universities are also the
oldest modern Romanian
universities:
• University of Iasi
(Alexandru Ioan Cuza
University) (1860)
• University of
Bucharest (1864)
• University of Cluj
(Babes-Bolyai
University) (1919)

Duration and educational stages
Most of its tertiary level programmes consists of three
cycles: a three-year bachelor's degree, followed by a twoyear
master's degree, and a three-year doctoral's degree.
Some programmes take longer to complete, for example
those in engineering fields (four-year programmes), or
some bachelor's and master's degree are combined into a
unique six-year programme (medicine, and architecture).
Master’s programs are a prerequisite for admission to
PhD programs. Vocational education is handled by postsecondary
schools with programmes lasting two years.
Universities have full autonomy, in stark contrast from the
pre-university segment. Each university is free to decide
everything from their management to the organization of
classes.