Continued from Page 30 the importance of enhancing adaptive capacity of agriculture to reduce vulnerability to climate change and gain substantial benefits. The observed changes in climate added and will continue to add increasing pressure on agricultural production systems in California. Reduced chill, increased pest pressures, increased water demand and waterinduced stress, as well as variable and unreliable water supply are examples of factors that are projected to adversely impacting yield and quality of various crops grown in California. Such impacts may further intensify the challenges to meet the local and global food demands. For this reason, there is urgent need to address such issues with resource limitations and food security challenges. There is a clear need for localized agricultural adaptation research that could alleviate agricultural risks due to increased temperatures and extreme heat. Water being a central issue for California, there needs to be a priority on agricultural adaptation to water shortages. To help growers manage risks, it is important to develop locally relevant, need-based decision support tools that can effectively integrate various stressors to help growers make informed choices. Research only has value if it leads to informed decisionmaking, so stakeholder engagement should be the central component of climate and agricultural research. References 1.CDFA (California Department of Food and Agriculture). California Agricultural Statistics Review 2015-2016. Available online: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/ PDFs/2016Report.pdf (accessed on 16 June 2017). 2.Pathak, T.; Maskey, M.; Dahlberg, J.; Kearns, F.; Bali, K.; Zaccaria, D. Climate change trends and impacts on California agriculture: a detailed review. Agronomy, 2018, 8(3), 25. 3.DWR (California Department of Water Resources). Hydroclimate Report. Water Year 2017. 4.California Climate Tracker. Generate Products Available online: https://wrcc. dri.edu/Climate/Tracker-/CA/ (accessed on 19 January <strong>2019</strong>) 5.DWR (California Department of Water Resources). California Climate Science and Data for Water Resources Percent Change 10 0 -10 -20 -30 10 0 -10 -20 -30 10 0 -10 -20 -30 Alfalfa 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Tomato 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Cotton Safflower Rice Sunflower 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 Maize 2020 2040 2060 Figure 6: Crop Yield response to warming Year in California’s Central Valley [14]. Management. Available online: http://www.water.ca.gov/climatechange/ docs/CA_-Climate_Science_and_Data_ Final_Release_June_2015. pdf (accessed on 19 June 2017). 6.Reid, C.E.; O’Neill, M.S.; Gronlund, C.J.; Brines, S.J.; Brown, D.G.; Diez- Roux, A.V.; Schwartz, J. Mapping community determinants of heat vulnerability. Environ. Health Perspect, 2009, 117, 1730–1736. 7.Cal-adapt. Exploring California’s Climate Change Research. Available online: http://cal-adapt.org/tools/ annual-averages/#climatevar-=tasm ax&scenario=rcp45&lat=38.59375&l ng=-121. 8.Wreford, A.; Adger, W.N. Adaptation in agriculture: historic effects of heat waves and droughts on UK agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 2010, 8(4), 278-289. 9.Zargar, A.; Sadiq, R.; Naser, B.; Khan, F.I. A review of drought indices. Environmental Reviews, 2011, 19, 333- 349. 10.Sommer, L. With Climate Change, California Is Likely To See More Extreme Flooding. Available online: http://www.npr. org/2017/02/28/517495739/withclimate-change-california-is-likelyto-see-mo-re-extreme-f looding, 2017 (accessed on 19 June 2017). 11.DWR (California Department of Water Resources). California Climate Science and Data for Water Resources Management. Available online: http:// www.water.ca.gov/climatechange/docs/ CA_-Climate_Science_and_Data_ Final_Release_June_2015. pdf Wheat 2080 2100 A2 Higher Emissions Scenario B1 Lower Emissions Scenario 12.Ray, D.K.; Mueller, N.D.; West, P.C.; Foley, J.A. Yield trends are insufficient to double crop production by 2050. PLoS One, 2013, 8, 1-7. 13.Hatfield, J.; Boote. K.; Fay, P.; Hahn, L.; Izaurralde, C.; Kimball, B.A.; Mader, T.; Morgan, J.; Ort, D.; Polley, W.; Thomson, A.; Wolfe, D; Agriculture, In: The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity. A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Washington DC., USA, pp 21-74, 2008 14.Lee, J.; De Gryze, S; Six, J. Effect of climate change on field crop production in California’s Central Valley. Climatic Change, 2011, 109(1), 335-353. 15.Jackson, L.E.; Wheeler, S.M.; Hollander, A.D.; O’Geen, A.T.; Orlove, B.S.; Six, J.; Sumner, D.A.; Santos-Martin, F.; Kramer, J.B.; Horwath, W.R.; Howitt, R.E.; Tomich, T.P. Case study on potential agricultural responses to climate change in a California landscape, Climatic Change, 2011, 109(1), S407-S427. 16.Zilberman, D.; Kaplan, S. Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics, University of California. An Overview of California’s Agricultural Adaptation to Climate Change. Available online: https://s. giannini.ucop.edu/uploads/giannini_ public/73/c8/73c82d70-b296-4424- 82f6-2c04c7859aa4/-v18n1 _6.pdf (accessed on 26 June 2017). Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 32 Progressive Crop Consultant <strong>March</strong>/April <strong>2019</strong>
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