WADI Sustainability

MARC4002 - Sustainable Research Studio 

Tutor: Niranjika Wijesooriya 

Group: Gabi Lawrie & Laura Payne 

WADI 

BEN TANG 

MARC4002 Sustainable Architecture Research Studio 

1

Sustainability, for us, is the idea that humanity should 

not merely be a burden on the earth but should also give 

something back. The pinnacle of human progress over it’s 

surroundings is not an ideal of comfort and convenience, but 

rather a pragmatic goal: balancing the needs of humans and 

the needs of nature more equally, and fostering a way of life 

that is environmentally conscious and connected to nature. 

Currently, Australian minimum standards of efficient 

heating and cooling energy are worse than both Europe and 

America by 40%. More efficient in heating and cooling energy 

“Pioneering” Australian sustainability measures are not at all 

impressive when compared to the rest of the world. 

However, something may be gained from looking at the past. 

Australia is the oldest landmass on earth, our native flora 

and fauna some of the most unique. In addition, Indigenous 

Australian notions of place, land and community in relation to 

the human experience are of particular interest and relevancy 

today; considering them as an example of living connected 

with and in care of nature. These are the elements of 

Australian culture that we want to display through the design 

of our pavilion. 

MARC4002 

Sustainable Architecture Research Studio 

Tutor: Niranjika Wijesooriya 

Semester One 2019 

Collaboration: Gabi Lawrie, Laura Payne

CONTENT 

02 - Introduction 

03 - Contents 

04 - Site 

05 - Site Analysis 

06 - Inspiration 

07 - Process 

08 - Form Finding 

12 - Success Matrix 

14 - Water 

16 - Materials 

18 - Comfort 

20 - Biophilia 

22 - Environmental Impact 

24 - WADI - Valley of Wetlands 

26 - Entry 

27 - Auditorium 

28 - Roof Plan 

29 - Ground Plan 

30 - Lower Ground Plan 

31 - Construction Detail 

32 - East & West Elevation 

33 - Section A and B 

34 - North & South Elevation 

35 - Section C and D 

36 - Physical Model 


38 - Critical Reflection 

3

THE SITE 

DUBAI

Ab-Anbar 

Vernacular Iranian water storage architecture. 

https://i2.wp.com/cdn.surfiran.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Ab-Anbar-01-845x321.jpg?resize=845%2C321 

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pg 

EAST 

NORTH 

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WEST 

ServiceRoad 

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SITE DRY BULB TEMP 

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MARC4002 _ GABI LAWRIE, LAURA PAYNE, BEN TANG_ 

21 

23 

EAST 

TASK 03 _ NIRANJIKA WIJESOORIYA 

20 o 

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62000 

62000 

EST 

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49000 

34000 

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ServiceRoad 

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62000 

26 

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34000 

40000 

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SOUTH 

UAE Pavilion 

26 

ServiceRoad 

UAE Pavilion 

25 

aza 

n 1:200 

tre 

lia 

27 

Al Wasi Plaza 

26 

Path of travel from arrival plazas 

Site 

Greenspace 

TEMPERATURE (C) 

40 

35 

Prevailing Hot Summer Winds 

Prevailing Warm Winter Winds 

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Prevailing Cool Winter Winds 

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25 

UAE Pavilion 


Site 

1m Contours 

Greenspace 

NORTH 

29 

27 

Al Wasi Plaza 

26 

Prevailing Hot Summer Winds 

Prevailing Warm Winter Winds 

Prevailing Cool Winter Winds 

Bus Drop-off / Pick-up 

1m Contours 

28 

SITE TEMPERATURE 

0 12.5 


29 

Site 

26 

27 

25 50 100 m 

SITE Greenspace PLAN _ 1:2500 

N 

ServiceRoad 

Bus Drop-off / Pick-up 

28 

0 12.5 

26 

1m Contours 

27 

25 50 100 m 

SITE PLAN _ 1:2500 

21 

N 

29 


ture. 

15 

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Site Temperature 

WEST 

ServiceRoad 

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23 

EAST 

5 

Se 

22

THE INSPIRATION 

MARC4002 _ GABI LAWRIE, LAU 

TASK 03 

s 

Kata-T 

Gregory Bu 

https://i.pinimg.com/originals 

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/AbAnbarNain2.jpg 


g 

s 

ic 

re 

nd 

. 

-n 

s- 

d 

ar 

of 

https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yro3R8foIA8/Wbai0qo2xvI/AAAAAAAAACg/x8Lfe02FFD0pbH9XmkRCtJgyDcIB8kHIgCLcBGAs/s1600/V01_run_ranchana_rungwatanawong.jpg 

https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/getmedia/7f523415-d2e5-4bd1-96fe-e96bc245be87/Ulura-Kata-Tjuta-Cultural-Centre_2.aspx 

523415-d2e5-4bd1-96fe-e96bc245be87/Ulura-Kaentre_2.aspx 

counts/2810/images/Mia_Mia.jpg 

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/91/03/9c/91039cd7f0a36cbad85a2a754c6411f4.jpg 

East Elevation 1:200 

Kata-Tjuta Cultural Centre 

Gregory Burgess Architects, Uluru, Australia 

Ab-Anbar 

Vernacular Iranian water storage architecture. 


NORTH 


https://www.designboom.com/cms/images/andrea05/musgum01.jpg 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

Jan-02 

Jan-02 

THE WIND TOWERS OF DUBAI AND 

INDIGENOUS WEST AUSTRALIAN VERNACULAR 

NORTH 

10 o 

20 o 

30 o 

40 o 

https://s3.amazonaws.com/libapps/accounts/2810/images/Mia_Mia.jpg 

50 o 

60 o 

70 o 

80 o 

WEST 

We look back at these ways of NORTH building methods, materiality and designs to bring 

back into our current trends to help make our SOUTH pavilion resilient to climate change. 

10 o 

Jan-02 

Jan-02 

Jan-02 

21 

Feb-02 

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ServiceRoad 

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80 o 

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SITE TEMPERATURE 

For centuries, vernacular architecture had been known for their sustainable 

designs. These efficient structures were able to withstand these extreme weather 

conditions without the use of electricity for comfort through the use of smart 

passive cooling and heating techniques. One of the major uses of electricity in 

current buildings is through the heavy uses of HVAC systems. Also in vernacular, 

natural materials were mostly found locally, reducing embodied energy. 

May-02 

22 

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21 

3 

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Aug-02 

25 

EAST 

Aug-02 

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26 

Sep-02 

Ab-Anb 

Vernacular 

https://i2.wp.com/cdn.surfira 

Sep-02 

Sep-02 

Sep-02 

Oct-02

THE PROCESS 

The early explorations of form, the experience, 

the atmosphere, the elements of water, 

natural materials and organic shapes. Inspired 

by sand dunes of the desert and the comfort 

of the burrows to shelter from the hot direct 

sunlight. 

Seeking for natural lighting and ventilation 

with the comfort of earth materials to keep 

cool or warm. Water as a way of cooling 

method without the required need for 

mechanical cooling systems. 


7

FORM FINDING

Started with a vault like structure that could be built 

out of individual mud pressed bricks. This idea became 

a problem of restriction to the plan, these vaults had 

to be symmetrical in order to build them sustainably. 

It became a question of labour and time intensive to 

make it possible for the pavilion. From this we were 

directed to another approach which was concrete shell 

structures. 


9


The form we had in interim became a question of how we could construct it, 

making it more unsustainable than what we wanted. In order to achieve this 

organic form we had to rely on high embodied energy materials like concrete and 

steel mesh. 

Throughout the semester we wanted to shift our form to another direction that 

would be much more sustainable to build. We learnt that our curved form would 

had to be greatly simplified. 

11

SUCCESS 

MATRIX 

CRITERIA 

Our Success Matrix is what set our goals to achieve what 

we have now in our final design, we learnt along the 

way that not all things could be perfect, some sacrifices 

were needed in order to achieve a balance between all 

elements. 

Through the categories of Water, materials, comfort, 

Biophilia and Environmental Impacts we had listed the 

criteria and scored them between 1 and 10. 

The Fuller the compliance star, the better the building 

performance.

CRITERIA MATRIX 

A 

WATER 

COMFO RT 

6 

4 

8 

ENVIRONMENT AL I M PACTS 

8 

2 

2 

WATER 

7 

6 

6 

6 6 7 

8 

8 

7 

BIOPH 

I LIA 

MATERIALS 

A.1 REDUCE CRITERIA 

A.1.1 Water Demand Percentage of total water use 

reduction (kL) from Sydney Water 

Benchmark: 

1. >10% 

2. >20% 

3. >30% 

4. >40% 

5. >50% 

A.1.2 Water Source Environmental impact of water supply 

source: 

1. 1 (Desalination) 

2. 2 (Surface Water) 

3. 3 (Ground Water) 

4. 4 (Reclaimed Water) 

5. 5 (Rainwater/Fog Capturing) 


A.2 REUSE CRITERIA 

A.2.1 Waste Water Percentage of total water recycled 

treatment and reuse (kL) in comparison to estimated wate 

(Grey Water + Black used: 

Water) 

1. >40% 

2. >60% 

3. >80% 

4. >90% 

5. >100% 

A.2.2 

Biogases from 

water treatment 

systems captured 

and reused 

Percentage of total biogas used to 

generate electricity (Kw/h) in 

comparison to estimated electricity 

consumption: 

1. >5% 

2. >10% 

3. >15% 

4. >20% 

5. >25% 

comparison to treated water returne 

A.3 REPLACE CRITERIA 

A.3.1 Closed Systems Percentage of water used on site in 

to closed system (kL): 

1. >25% 

2. >50% 

3. >75% 

4. >85% 

5. >100% 

A.3.2 

Beautiful and 

Transparent 

Clarity of processes in the system, 

capturing the methods in an 

educational manner and minimising the 

industrial nature of the process. 

Public Rating system: 

1. 1/5 

2. 2/5 

3. 3/5 

4. 4/5 

5. 5/5 

Sustainability Matrix 

Each of the Five Elements hold points worth between 

1 and 10, 

The fuller the compliance star, the better the 

building performance. 

13

A 

WATER 

WATER 

CENTRAL SPINE 

CENTRAL SPINE 

FLOW OF WATER OVERLAY OF USES 

THE FLOW GRID OF WATER CENTRAL THE SPINE GRID 

CENTRAL SPINE PROGRAMS OVERLAY SET OF ALONG USES 

PROGRAMS SET ALONG 

FALL 

MEMBRANE (PAINT FINISH) 

GRAVEL 

FILTER FABRIC 

PROTECTION BOARD 

MEMBRANE 

DRAINAGE CELL WITH 

FILTER FABRIC 

AG DRAIN TO FA IN GEO 

FABRIC SLEEVE AND GRAVEL 

MEMBRANE WITH ROOT 

DETERRENT 

SCREED WITH 1:80 FALLS 

TO RWO 

15 X 15 FILLET/BOND 

BREAKER (40 x 40 IF SHEET 

MEMBRANE) 

A.1 REDUCE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

A.1.1 Water Demand Percentage of total water use Water use measured Aim >30% 5 

reduction (kL) from Sydney 

Water Benchmark: 

1. >10% 

2. >20% 

3. >30% 

4. >40% 

5. >50% 

against Sydney Water 

Benchmark: 

https://www.sydneywa 

ter.com.au/SW/yourbusiness/managingyour-wateruse/benchmarks-forwater-use/index.htm 

Achieved = 

56.75% 

A.1.2 Water Source 

Environmental impact of water 

supply source: 

1. 1 (Desalination) 

2. 2 (Surface Water) 

3. 3 (Ground Water) 

4. 4 (Reclaimed Water) 

5. 5 (Rainwater/Fog Capturing) 

Trace water supply 

system determines 

impact level. 

Ranking system from: 

https://www.iwapublis 

hing.com/news/sustain 

ability-water-supply 

Aim: 3 

Achieved = 

3.5 

Total= 8 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 8 

A.2 REUSE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

A.2.1 Waste Water Percentage of total water Total water usage for Aim >80% 5 

treatment and recycled (kL) in comparison to site (L)/capacity of 

reuse (Grey estimated water used: water treatment Achieved = 

Water + Black 1. >40% 

system432.9L/Day/38, 100% 

Water) 2. >60% 

3. >80% 

4. >90% 

5. >100% 

860L 

A.2.2 Biogases from 

water 

treatment 

systems 

captured and 

reused 

Percentage of total biogas 

used to generate electricity 

(Kw/h) in comparison to 

estimated electricity 

consumption: 

1. >5% 

2. >10% 

3. >15% 

4. >20% 

5. >25% 

Total electricity 

consumption for site 

(Kw/h)/capacity of 

biogas generator. 

Total Electricity 

consumption per year 

= 193947.9 kWh 

Electricity produced 

from Biogas per year 

= 5.685 kWh/Day x 

365 = 2075 kWh 

Aim >15% 

Achieved = 

1.06% 

Total= 6 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 6 

A.3 REPLACE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

A.3.1 Closed 

Systems 

Aim >75% 4 

A.3.2 Beautiful and 

Transparent 

Percentage of water used on 

site in comparison to treated 

water returned to closed 

system (kL): 

1. >25% 

2. >50% 

3. >75% 

4. >85% 

5. >100% 

Water processes shown 

educationally and with clarity. 

Industrial feel minimized. Public 

Rating system: 

1. 1/5 

2. 2/5 

3. 3/5 

4. 4/5 

5. 5/5 

Estimated total water 

use for site (kL)/ 

total amount of water 

dispersed into this 

closed system (kL) 

Public rating system 

via brief questionaire 

upon leaving the 

pavilion 

Achieved = 

85% with 

ability to 

meet 100% 

Aim: 3/5 

Achieved = 

3/5 

Total= 7 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 7 

3 

1 

3 

Constructed Wetland Detail 

Constructed Wetland Detail Section _ 1:10 

TOTAL WATER SCORE = 

21 

/30 

3 

Drafting 1 

1 : 10 

Max = 30

Central Spine _ Closed-loop Water Treatment System 

03a 

02 

04 

113.6 L 

05 

333.6 L 

08 

06 

412.4 L 

07 

03 

38,000 L 

The total capacity of this system 

=38,860 L / Day 

The total volume of biogas produced 

=2.85m 2 / Day 

= 5.685kWh / Day 

01. Groundwater is accessed 

02. Water is used in toilets, sinks and for cleaning 

03. The used water - a combination of grey and black water, is collected in two 19,000 Litre anoxic tanks, located underground. 

Here, “naturally occurring microbial organisms use the wastewater as food. They digest ammonia, phosphorus, nitrogen, 

potassium, and many other substances in the water.” (Omega, 2019) 1 

03.a Biogas (a waste bby product of the anerobic processes that breakdown waste materials) is siphoned from the anoxic tanks. 

This is fed to a generator onsite to produce energy for the pavilion 

04. From the anoxic tanks, the water flows to four man-made wetlands. Approximately 900mm deep, lined with rubber and 

completely filled with gravel. Wastewater flows about 5cm under the surface, stopping evaporation. Microorganisms 

and native plants, including cattails and bulrushes “reduce biochemical oxygen demand, remove odorous gases, 

continue the denitrification process and harvest nutrients such as phosphorus.” (Omega, 2019) 1 

05. Two aerated lagoons, containing four cells each and about 3m deep, utilise tropical plants as filters. “At this stage, the 

water looks and smells clean, but it's not safe to touch. The plants, fungi, algae, snails, and other microorganisms 

convert ammonia into nitrates and toxins into harmless base elements”. (Omega, 2019) 1 

06. The final treatment stage uses a recirculating sand filter. Here, sand and microorganisms absorb and digest remaining 

fine particulates and nitrates that may be present. At this stage the treated water is drinkable standard, 

without using any chemicals. 

07. Testing of the water quality is done at this stage to ensure it is in the best possible condition before being released 

into the groundwater table 

08. Water is taken back through the purification process if it does not meet standards at the testing point. 

09. The purified water is released back into the groundwater table, where the process can begin again. 

01 09 

Diagram _ Closed-loop water treatment system 

20 

20 

17.5 

1. Omega. (2019). Omega Center for Sustainable Living. [online] Available at: 

https://www.eomega.org/omega-center-for-sustainable-living-0 [Accessed 7 Apr. 2019]. 

Graphics: Laura Payne 


11.4% 

2.5% 

13.3% 

27.8% 

13.3% 

WATER CONSUMPTION 

(Annual demand in KL) 

4.4% 

6.3% 

11.4% 

2.5% 

27.8% 


(Annual demand in KL) 

4.4% 

6.3% 

34.2% 

34.2% 

Kitchen Sinks 

Dishwashing 

Kitchen Sinks 

CookingDishwashing 

Cleaning Cooking 

ToiletsCleaning 

Toilets 

Urinals 

Urinals 

Taps Taps 

108 K L 

88 K 

108 L K L 

42 88 K L K L 

8 K42 L 

K L 

36 8 KK L L 

36 K 

14 K 

L 

14 L K L 

20 20 K L K L 


(Litres/ Person/ Day) 

17.5 


(Litres/ Person/ Day) 

15 

12.5 

10 

7.5 

5 

15 

12.5 

10 

7.5 

5 

30% 

REDUCTION 

30% 

REDUCTION 

TOTAL 

TOTAL 

316 K 

316 K L 

L 

2.5 

2.5 

https://etoolglobal.com/ 

https://etoolglobal.com/ 

Water Consumption Analysis 

0 

865.75 L /day 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/your-business/managing-your-water-use/benchmarks-for-water-use/index.htm 

865.75 L /day 

https://www.sydneywater.com.au/SW/your-business/managing-your-water-use/benchmarks-for-water-use/ 

BENCHMARK 

OUR AIM 

ACHIEVED 

0 

TOTAL = 20L TOTAL = 14L TOTAL = 8.65L 

per person/day BENCHMARK per person/day per OUR person/day AIM 

TOTAL = 20L TOTAL = 14L 

per person/day per person/day 

ACHIEVED 

TOTAL = 8.65L 

per person/day 

15

B 

MATERIALS 

MATERIALS 

B.1 

LIFE CYCLE 

ANALYSIS CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD 

B.1.1 Global Warming 

Potential 

(GWP) 

Total GWP during the life cycle 

of the materials used in the 

building (kg CO2 eq/m2 Gross 

Floor Area/year) 

1. 30% 

Achieved = 

52% 

NO. 

5 

Material Palette 

B.2.2 Recycling - 

Solid Waste 

Recycling of solid waste (% in 

kg): 

1. >40% 

2. >45% 

3. >50% 

4. >55% 

5. >60% 

Measurement of total 

waste generated 

(weight). 

Dubai Brief Standard: 

Min. 2x10L recycling 

collection stations 

with: metals, glass, 

plastics, paper & 

corrugated cardboard. 

Aim >50% 

Achieved= 

50.5% 

3 

Total= 8 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 8 

B.3 BUILT WASTE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD 

B.3.1 Construction 

Waste 

Construction waste diverted 

from landfill: (m3/total m3) 

1. >40% 

2. >45% 

3. >50% 

4. >55% 

5. >60% 


waste generated 

(volume) 

VALUE 

ACHIEVED 

Aim >50% 

Achieved= 

50% 

NO. 

3 

B.3.2 Deconstruction 

Percentage of construction 

materials able to be recycled 

or reused (% in m3): 

1. >20% 

2. >25% 

3. >30% 

4. >35% 

5. >40% 


materials recycled 

(volume). 

Aim >30% 

Achieved: 

51% 

5 

Total= 8 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 8 

TOTAL MATERIALS SCORE = 

22

EXPO + EATING (GF) 

1 -1 

UNDERGROUND 

AUDITORIUM (GF) CAFÉ (GF) EXPO + EATING (GF) UNDERGROUND 

This graph reports whether the operative temperature falls into the 80% acceptability limits of the adaptive comfort in ASHRAE 55-2010 

PERCENTAGES 

Greater than 0 57% 

0 27% 

Less than 0 16% 

-1 

A value of 1 means within (inclusive) the limits, i.e. the zone operative temperature is no more than 2.5°C from than the ASHRAE 55 Adaptive model tem 

value of 0 means outside the limits (i.e. uncomfortable), and a value of -1 means not applicable, i.e. the running average outdoor air temperature is b 

0 -0.05511 -0.43414 0.5 

0 -0.00298 -0.41667 0.5 

0 0 -0.43212 0.5 

0 0 -0.42222 0.5 

0 0 -0.56989 0.5 

0 0 -0.66389 0.203472222 

-0.06586 -0.06452 -0.71707 -0.298387097 

-1 -1 -1 -1 

-0.87361 -0.76667 -0.92292 -0.825 

-0.02823 0 -0.47043 -0.25 

THATCHED ROOF (PALM LEAVES): 

Pros: Naturally insulative material, sustainable 

and local. 

Cons: Harder to construct than panellised 

system 

'DANPALON'PLASTIC ROOFING PANELS: 

Pros: Insulative properties, sustainable material. 

Cons: Look perhaps too chunky. 

TIMBER FRAMED ROOF STRUCTURE: 

Pros: Lightweight, lower embodied energy than 

using metal. 

Cons: Needs to be sustainably sourced. 

333.6 L 

08 

GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL 

(kg CO2 eq/m2 Gross Floor Area/year) 

50 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

Construction Materials Diagram 

-PRODUCT REUSE 

END OF LIFE 

RECURRING 

CONSTRUCTION 

412.4 L 

TRANSPORT 

06 

15 

or cleaning 

PRODUCTS 

rey and black water, is collected in two 19,000 Litre anoxic tanks, located underground. 

bial organisms use the wastewater 10 as food. They digest ammonia, phosphorus, nitrogen, 

tances in the water.” (Omega, 2019) 1 

anerobic processes that breakdown waste materials) is siphoned from the anoxic tanks. 

e to produce energy for the pavilion 5 

ws to four man-made wetlands. Approximately 900mm deep, lined with rubber and 

astewater flows about 5cm under the surface, stopping evaporation. Microorganisms 

0 

ails and bulrushes “reduce biochemical oxygen demand, remove odorous gases, 

ess and harvest nutrients such as phosphorus.” (Omega, BENCHMARK 2019) OUR AIM 

1 

cells each and about 3m deep, utilise tropical plants TOTAL as filters. = “At this stage, the TOTAL = 

ut it's not safe to touch. The plants, fungi, algae, 44.12kg 

snails, and other microorganisms


C 

COMFORT 

COMFORT 

VISUAL 

COMFORT CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

C.1 

C.1.1 Illuminance Monthly average of regularly 

occupied primary spaces with 

daylighting illuminance levels 

of > 200lux (per year): 

1. >20% 

2. >30% 

3. >40% 

4. >50% 

5. >60% 

C.1.2 Daylight 

Access 

Average exposure to direct 

sunlight that the building 

interior achieves (during 

daytime operative hours): 

1. >20% 

2. >25% 

3. >30% 

4. >35% 

5. >40% 

Daylight Visualiser (by 

Velux) programme 

Design Builder 

Ladybug Analysis 

tools 

Aim >40% 

Achieved = 

43.7% 

Aim >30% 

Achieved = 

1.4% 

Total= 4 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 4 

3 

1 

MARC4002 _ GABI 

BIOPHILIA COMFORT 

1.06% BIOGAS 

Sun Path Strategy Diagram (N.T.S) 

1 

GSPublisherVersion 0.95.100.100 

3 

2 

1 

4 

3 

2 

1 2 3 

ENERGY USE 

Gross Floor Area/year) 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

4 

ENTRY / EXIT 

Passive Cooling Strategy Diagram (N.T.S) 

Passive Ventilation Strategy Diagram (N.T.S) 

5 

Biophilia Analysis Diagrams - Human & Nature Connections (on a Journey Through Pavilion) 

MINIMUM 

5 

6 

4 

6 

THERMAL 

COMFORT CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

C.2 

C.2.1 Comfort Range Percentage of the year that 

regularly occupied spaces are 

within AHRAE comfort range: 

1. 90% 

5 6 

Design Builder 

Min ventilation value = 

0.5 (as per Section A4 

of CIBS guide). 

Online link: 

https://www.sciencedir 

ect.com/topics/enginee 

ring/minimumventilation-rate 

Aim >50% 

Achieved = 

14.6% 

CO2 monitors are to Aim >80% 

be placed between 900 

- 1800 mm above the Achieved = 

floor. CO2 monitors 83% 

are to indicate when 

3 

CO2 concentration 

exceeds 500-700 ppm. 

Total= 4 / 10 (x10) 

1 

SCORE = 

1 

4 

TOTAL COMFORT SCORE = 

2 

4 

1 

3 

3 

2 

4 

ENTRY / EXIT 

17

1000 

500 

0 

Jan-02 Feb-02Jan-02 Mar-02Feb-02 Apr-02Mar-02 May-02Apr-02 Jun-02May-02 Jul-02Jun-02 Aug-02Jul-02 Sep-02Aug-02 Oct-02Sep-02 Nov-02Oct-02 Dec-02Nov-02 Dec-02 

MONTHLY AVERAGE MONTHLY AVERAGE 

MONTHLY AVERAGE 

AUDITORIUM (GF) AUDITORIUM MONTHLY CAFÉ (GF) AVERAGE (GF) CAFÉ EXPO (GF) + EATING EXPO (GF) + EATING UNDERGROUND 

(GF) UNDERGROUND 


Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 

Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 

RIUM (GF) CAFÉ (GF) EXPO + EATING (GF) UNDERGROUND 

TOTAL TOTALS 

AVERAGE ILLUMI- TOTALS 

NANCE TOTALS (year) 

TOTALS 

16% 

16% 

16% 

16% 

27% 

27% 57% 

27% 

57% 

2000 lux 

1000 

200-2000 lux >2000 lux 

AUDITORIUM (GF) CAFÉ (GF) EXPO + EATING (GF) MARC4002 _ GABI UNDERGROUND 

LAWRIE, LAURA PAYNE, BEN TANG_ 


ptive Model 80% Acceptability Status 

F) 

GROUND 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

0.5 

472 

839 

-1 

825 

.25 

222 

0.5 

734 

Dec-02 

57% 

2000 

KEY: 

1500 

2000 lux 

People in Zone ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Model 

80% Acceptability Status 

1 

0.8 

0.6 

0.4 

0.2 

0 

-0.2 

-0.4 

-0.6 

20 

-0.8 

-1 

ILLUMINANCE (LUX) 

4000 

3500 

3000 

2500 

57% 

500 

0 

Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 

MONTHLY AVERAGE 

Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 

16% 

27% 

TOTALS 

VISUAL COMFORT (ILLUMINANCE) 

57% 


40 

35 

30 

25 

2000 lux 

TEMPERATURE 

15 

Jan-02 Jan-02 Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 

Feb-02 Mar-02 Apr-02 May-02 Jun-02 Jul-02 Aug-02 Sep-02 Oct-02 Nov-02 Dec-02 

DATE 




UNDERGROUND AUDITORIUM (GF) CAFÉ (GF) EXPO + EATING (GF) SITE DRY BULB TEMP 

This graph reports whether the operative temperature falls into the 80% acceptability limits of the adaptive comfort in ASHRAE 55-2010: 

A value of 1 means within (inclusive) the limits, i.e. the zone operative temperature is no more than 2.5°C from than the ASHRAE 55 Adaptive model temperature. A 

value of 0 means outside the limits (i.e. uncomfortable), and a value of -1 means not applicable, i.e. the running average outdoor air temperature is below 10°C. 

19 

THATCHED ROOF (PALM LEAVES): 

Pros: Naturally insulative material, sustain-

D 

BIOPHILIA 

BIOPHILIA 

D.1 CONNECT CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

D.1.1 Human - 

Nature 

Connection 

Aim: 3 5 

D.1.2 Natural Views 

D.1.3 Human - 

Human 

Connection 

On a journey to each room or 

area of the pavilion, how many 

times does the visitor have 

the opportunity to interact 

with nature? 

1. 1 time 

2. 2 

3. 3 

4. 4 

5. 5 

Percentage of regularly 

occupied primary spaces (m2) 

that is to have a clear line of 

sight to a natural element: 

1. >50% 

2. >55% 

3. >60% 

4. >65% 

5. >70% 

How many spaces are there 

for people to socialise and 

gather on site? 

1 - 5 SCORE = 1 -5 spaces 

Interaction with nature 

means: the opportunity 

to see, hear, touch or 

smell a natural 

element. 

Analysis of visitor 

pathways and spaces. 

Views analysis in 2D 

and 3D model within 

8m zone - possible in 

most architectural 

programs 

Achieved = 

5 

Aim >60% 

Achieved = 

62% 

Analysis of social Aim: 3 3 

areas within design. 

Achieved = 

3 spaces 

Total= 11 / 15 (x10) SCORE = 7.33 

3 

D.2 ACCESS CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

D.2.1 Universal 

Access 

Analysis of circulation Aim: Yes 

pathways 

2 

D.2.2 Age access 

Are all areas of the pavillion 

able to be accessed by 

someone without the use of 

stairs? 

1. No 

2. Yes 

Percentage of exhibition area 

that is accessible to children 

and promotes child interaction: 

1. >40% 

2. >45% 

3. >50% 

4. >55% 

5. >60% 

Observation of 

children in building. 

Measure exhibition 

items height + childfriendlyness 

Achieved = 

Yes 

Aim >50% 

Achieved = 

50% 

Total= 5 / 7 (x10) SCORE = 7.14 

3 

D.3 EDUCATION CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD VALUE NO. 

D.3.1 Sustainable 

Awareness - 

Pavilion 

Aim: 2 3 

How many of the pavilion's 

sustainable design elements 

are on display to the visitor? 

1. 0 

2. 1 

3. 2 

4. 3 

5. 4 

Measure of 

sustainable design 

points shown in 

completed structure. 

Possible analysis of 

number of people who 

visit these points. 

Achieved = 

2 

D.2.2 Sustainability 

Awareness - 

General 

Percentage of visitors who 

leave the pavilion and 

incorporate a sustainable 

practice into their lifestyle: 

1. >20% 

2. >25% 

3. >30% 

4. >35% 

5. >40% 

Survey of each 

participant upon 

exiting pavilion. 

Additional survey & 

reminder email to be 

sent out 2 weeks 

after visitation. 

Aim >30% 

Achieved = 

30% 

Total= 6 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 6 

3 

TOTAL BIOPHILIC SCORE = 

20.5

4 

4 

5 

5 

3 

3 

6 

6 

1 

2 

1 

2 


3 

2 

1 2 3 

4 

5 6 

1 

1 


Biophilia Analysis Diagrams - Human & Nature Connections (on a Journey Through Pavilion) 

21 

FALL 

Constructed Wetlands

E 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 

ENVIRONMENTAL 

IMPACT 

E.1 NOISE CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD 

E.1.1 Noise Pollution - 

Construction 

E.1.2 Noise Pollution - 

Internal 

Percentage of total 

construction time (hrs) that 

noise of construction is kept 

under 80dB: 

1. >50% 

2. >60% 

3. >70% 

4. >80% 

5. >90% 

Percentage of regularly 

occupied primary spaces (m2) 

from which noise from all 

continually-operating services 

is under 20 dB: 

1. >70% 

2. >75% 

3. >80% 

4. >85% 

5. >90% 

Testo sound level 

meter: 

https://www.testo.com 

/en- 

AU/products/soundmeter 

VALUE 

ACHIEVED 

Aim >70% 

Achieved = 

72% 

Non-habitable areas Aim >80% 

to be positioned within 

the design to absorb Achieved = 

noise from habitable 83% 

areas. 

Internal spaces 

measured with a 

sound pressure 

measurement. 

NO. 

3 

3 

Total= 6 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 6 

E.2 ECOLOGY CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD 

E.2.1 Plants Sourcing All plants used are to be UAE Measure of number of 

or Australian natives. plants obtained from 

Percentage of plants used local sources (ie. 

(number of plants/total Dubai area) 

number) that are supplied from 

local sources: 

1. >30% 

2. >40% 

3. >50% 

4. >60% 

5. >70% 

E.2.2 Plants Impact 

Are plants selected an 

invasive or pest species in 

Dubai? 

1. Yes 

2. No 

Does plant appear on 

Global Register of 

Introduced and 

Invasive Species 

(GRIIS). 

http://www.griis.org/ 

VALUE 

ACHIEVED 

Aim >50% 

Achieved = 

69% 

Aim: No 

invasive 

Achieved: 

No 

invasive 

NO. 

4 

Total= 6 / 7 (x10) SCORE = 8.57 

2 

E.3 ENERGY CRITERIA ASSESSMENT METHOD 

E.3.1 Efficiency Building energy use (kWh per Design Builder 

m2 per annum): 

1. 60% 

per year 

VALUE 

ACHIEVED 

Aim 

40% 

Achieved = 

19. 29% 

NO. 

1 

1 

Total= 2 / 10 (x10) SCORE = 2 

TOTAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCORE = 

16.6

FALL 

Constructed Wetlands 

MEMBRANE (PAINT FINISH) 

GRAVEL 

FILTER FABRIC 

PROTECTION BOARD 

4 

4 

Juncus Effusus 

- Soft Rush 

Phragmites Australis 

- Reeds 

MEMBRANE 

DRAINAGE CELL WITH 

FILTER FABRIC 

Typha Domingensis 

Typha Latifolia 

AG DRAIN TO FA IN GEO 

- Bulrush FABRIC SLEEVE AND - Common GRAVEL Cattails 

5 

5 

Aerated Lagoons 

MEMBRANE WITH ROOT 

DETERRENT 

SCREED WITH 1:80 FALLS 

TO RWO 

3 

3 

6 

6 

Cyperus Involucratus 

- Umbrella Sedge 

3 

Avicennia Marina 

- Grey Mangrove 

Constructed Wetland Detail Section _ 1:10 

Drafting 1 

Cyperus Papyrus 

- Paper Reed 

Recirculating Sand Filter 

ey Through Pavilion) 

Ficinia Nodosa 

- Knobby Club Sedge 

5 6 


- Soft Rush 

15 X 15 FILLET/BOND 

BREAKER (40 x 40 IF SHEET 

MEMBRANE) 

Hydrocleys Nymphoides 

- Water Poppies 

1 : 10 

Scirpus Validus 

- Softstem Bulrush 

1 

2 

1 

Nymphaea Caerulea 

- Egyptian Lotus 

2 

ENTRY / EXIT 

Nymphaea Lotus 

- White Lotus 

Thalia Geniculata 

- Alligator Flag 

Flora of South Australia (http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/) 

Flora of Victoria (http://www.floravictoria.com.au/) 

Planting Wetlands and Dams - A Practical Guide to Wetland 

Design, Construction and Propagation, Romanowski, N. 

(Landlinks Press, 2009) 

Tangible benefits of native vegetation - Restoring the balance 

and saving a dollar, Crouch, C. (Wimmera CMA, 2005) 

Waterplants in Australia - A Field Guide, GR Sainty & SW Jacobs 

(Sainty & Associates, 2003) 

Wetland habitats - A Practical Guide to Restoration and 

Management, Romanowski, N. (CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2010) 

What South East Native Plant is that? Neville Bonney (2010) 

RENEWABLE SOURCES 

(% total kWh per year) 


70 

350 

60 

300 

RENEWABLE SOURCES 

(% total kWh per year) 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

U.A.E 2050 

PLAN 

DUBAI 2030 

1.06% BIOGAS 

SOLAR 

ENERGY USE 

(kWh/m2 Gross Floor Area/year) 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

MINIMUM 

REQUIRED 

(DUBAI) 

BEST PRACTICE 

(DUBAI) 

PLAN 

.au/) 

.au/) 

tland 

ki, N. 

2009) 

lance 

2005) 

acobs 

2003) 

n and 

2010) 

(2010) 

0 

BENCHMARK 

TOTAL = 

44% 

BENCHMARK 

TOTAL = 

15% 

OUR AIM 

TOTAL = 40% 

ACHIEVED 

TOTAL = 

19.29% 

BENCHMARK SOURCES : https://www.rsbdubai.gov.ae/renewables/ 

https://www.export.gov/article?id=United-Arab-Emirates-Renewable-Energy 

0 

BENCHMARK 

TOTAL = 

160 - 260kWh 

BENCHMARK 

TOTAL = 

110 - 160kWh 

OUR AIM 

TOTAL = 

WADI 

VALLEY OF WETLANDS 

DUBAI EXPO 2020

Throughout our exploration and working through the success 

matrix goals we achieved something we were more proud of in 

terms of sustainability and climate resilient design 


25

THE ENTRANCE 

Wetlands seen from the Entry Lobby - visitors are able 

to walk along the wetlands and discover the journey 

process of water re-harvesting.

AUDITORIUM 


The Auditorium viewed from the west entrance, a place 

free of all sorts of topics and entertainment, but most 

important a place to educate visitors on how to be 

sustainable. 

27

ROOF PLAN

GROUND PLAN 


29

LOWER GROUND PLAN

Expo 2020, Dubai 

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 

Each of the Five Elements hold points worth between 1 and 10, 

The fuller the compliance star, the better the building performance. 

THATCHED ROOF CLADDING 

THATCH TIES 

CONCRETE WALL COPING 

COVERING MOUNTING PARTS 

BIOPHILIA 

1 

RAMMED EARTH WALL 450mm 

RAMMED EARTH WALL 450mm 

BITUMEN COATiNG AND CLAY 

MORTAR 12mm 

PLINTH OF FLY-ASH INSULATING 

CONCRETE 

GRAVEL DRAINAGE 

XPS INSULATION 

GRAVEL 

SUBSOIL DRAIN 

BLINDING CONCRETE 

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 


Biophilia Analy 

FALL 

Constructed Wetlands 


- Soft Rush 

Aerated Lagoons 

Cyperus Involucratus 

- Umbrella Sedge 

3 


Phragmites Au 

- Reeds 

Constructed Wetl 

Drafting 1 

Cyperus 

- Paper 

Recirculating Sand F 

Avicennia Marina 

- Grey Mangrove 

Ficinia Nodosa 

- Knobby Club S 

Rammed Earth Wall Detail Section _ 1:20 

Unnamed As indicated 

7 

Drafting 5 

1 : 20 

31

EAST ELEVATION 

WEST ELEVATION

Section D 1:200 

v 

v 

v 

v 

Section A 1:200 

SECTION Section A C 1:200 

v 

v 

Section C 1:200 


Section B 1:200 


SECTION B 



33

v 

v 

v 

v 

v 

v 


v 


SECTION Section C 

v 

C 1:200 




SECTION D 

Section C 1:200

NORTH ELEVATION 


SOUTH ELEVATION 

35

PHYSICAL MODEL

37 

MARC4002 Sustainable Architecture Research Studio

*Allow u 

CRITICAL REFLECTION 

Strengths 

Weaknesses 

*Reduced carbon footprint from materials which are either 

locally sourced, low embodied energy, long life expectancy 

and recyclable 

*Still requires the use of artificial cooling for comfort due to 

the climate of Dubai and the many visitors expected to be in 

the pavilion 

*Sets an 

method 

concret 

Environment 

*Giving water back through reharvesting in our gravity feed 

wetlands system 

*An option to become apart of nature again, aimed for self 

sustaining wetlands after the expo. The materials such as the 

thatched roof and walls are naturally given back. 

*Requires water taken from outside system due to the low 

precipitation for rainwater harvesting all year to generate 

enough demand 

*Able to 

workers 

*More h 

heavy m 

*Allow u 

wetland 

desert 

Economical 

*Locally sourced material means less transportation and 

building time 

*Provide jobs for locals to build with the use of palm tree 

(thatched roof) and Rammed Earth 

*Able to sustain many years and can be reused after the life of 

the pavilion. 

*The energy consumption to operate the pavilion was much 

greater than what we can generate through renewable 

sources which means we weren’t able to achieve net zero 

unless we have a much greater surface area for solar panels 

*Saving 

leaves a 

without 

*Renew 

*Oppor 

Social 

*A glimpse of Australia and our native plants in the heart of the 

Dubai desert. A way to educate sustainability through out the 

pavilion. 

*A place of gathering and social interaction, dedicated cafe, 

auditorium, exhibition spaces and the experience of the 

natural wetlands throughout the pavilion, able to see the 

progression of the system from the ground and into the lower 

ground. 

*The pavilion may not attract everyone in terms of the 

programs given. 

*A place 

sustaina 

*Hopefu 

building

Opportunities 

Threats 

ue to 

be in 

low 

ate 

*Sets an example of sustainable design for Dubai’s current 

methods of using high embodied energy materials like steel, 

concrete and glass. 

*Able to utilise locally grown materials and benefit local 

workers to build the pavilion 

*More hands on construction trying to reduce the reliance of 

heavy machinery when constructing 

 

*Palm trees would need to be re planted constantly to follow 

the demand as a building material. Palm trees which grows 

fully between 4-6years can be a long time to recover from. 

This means a risk of shortage to palm trees in Dubai 

*More suited to a particular location where the right materials 

can be found 

much 

ero 

anels 

*Allow us to give back to nature and enhance it with our 

wetlands that was never possible in the middle of Dubai’s 

desert 

*Allow us to reuse water instead of wasting it 

*Saving cost by using locally available materials such as palm 

leaves and taking natural materials for rammed earth walls 

without the need for manufacture 

*Renewable energy offset 20% of the total energy uses 

*Opportunity to Reuse after the Dubai Expo 

*Building a pavilions that only operates for 173days is not fully 

ideal 

*Can be labour intensive which may cost more depending on 

the worker and experience 


*A place to gather and educate others about the process of 

sustainability and methods of water reharvesting 

*Programs are not entirely attractive for all ages but a place for 

education and awareness 

*Hopefully providing awareness to future generations on how 

buildings should be approached to be more sustainable 

39

WADI Sustainability

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