Alabama Contractor Fall 2019

2019 

TRADE 

SHOW 

OCTOBER 16, 2019 

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Associated Plumbing - Heating - Cooling Contractors of Alabama 

Contractor 

ALABAMA 

The APHCC of Alabama is dedicated to the 

promotion, advancement, education and 

training of the industry, for the protection of 

our environment, and the health, safety, and 

comfort of society. 

FALL 2019 

Table of Contents 

5 

8 

11 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

20 

21 

22 

Message from the PHCC Executive Vice President Michael Copp 

Five Generations Equal Five Preferred Communication Styles 

Improving the Efficiency and Reliability of Water Systems with Variable Speed Pumps and Pressure Sensors 

Judge Strikes Down Association Health Plan (AHP) Rule 

EPA’s New Tech Report on Residential Air Cleaner Technologies Raises Awareness of Ozone Danger 

PHCC of Alabama Annual Trade Show Oct. 16 

Basic Principles for Sizing Grease Interceptors 

Students Say Unclean Restrooms Impact Their Perception of School 

PHCC Recognizes Bradford White as Highest Strategic Partner Category 

New Edition of Plumbing 401 Textbook Available 

Special Thanks to Our Associate Members 

BEAKING NEWS: Alabama PHCC and Construction Education Foundation of Alabama Partnership for Educational Program 

APHCC of Alabama 

Officers 

PRESIDENT: 

Rick Thomason PHC 

1634A Montgomery Highway, Suite 162 

Hoover, AL 35216 

205-822-0597 

Advertiser Directory 

Bradford White (bwforthepro.com) 2 

FastEst, Inc. (fastest-inc.com) 17 

Kolbi Pipe Marker Co. (kolbipipemarkers.com) 6 

Liberty Pumps (libertypumps.com) 24 

R.E. Michel Company (remichel.com) 7 

Rheem (rheem.com/TanklessInnovation) 23 

T&S Brass (tsbrass.com/markekts) 19 

Taco Comfort Solutions (tacocomfort.com) 3 

VICE PRESIDENT: 

James Cole 

Cole Sewer & Drain Services 

4530 Plummer Court 

Montgomery, AL 36106 

334-279-8919 

SECRETARY-TREASURER: 

Nick Tatum 

Conrad Watson Air Conditioning, Inc. 

4100 County Road 5 

Monroeville, AL 36460 

251-282-7741 

IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT: 

Michael Dean 

Dean Plumbing Company 

3100 Leeman Ferry Road 

Huntsville, AL 35801 

256-883-6130 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: 

Bob Mosca 

PO Box 36972 

Birmingham, AL 35236 

205-985-9488 

Christine Joiner 

DMJ Service, LLC 

219 Oxmoor Circle, Ste 1 

Homewood, AL 35209 

205-362-9989 

4 Alabama Contractor • www.alabamaphcc.org • Fall 2019 

APHCC of Alabama 

Board 

Paula Quarles 

Banks Quarles Plumbing, Heating, Cooling 

2501 17th Street 

Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 

205-758-2627 

Mike Scanlon 

Scanlon Plumbing Services 

263 Mendel Parkway 


331-279-8989 

Charlie Conklin 

Sentry Plumbing, Heating & Air 

2490 Rocky Ridge Road 


205-979-9864 

Phil Smitherman 

AUX Mechanical Inc. 

5925 Johns Road 

Bessemer, AL 35023 

205-428-8416 

Fred Williamson 

Williamson Plumbing 

560 Glade Park Loop 


Wilbur Doonan 

Wilbur Corporation 

P O box 737 

Trussville, AL 35175 

205-833-6191 

Senior Editor: 

Bob Mosca 

PO Box 36972 


(205) 985-9488 • alphcc@gmail.com 

Alabama Contractor is the official magazine 

of the Associated Plumbing-Heating-Cooling 

Contractors of Alabama and is published four 

times annually. APHCC of Alabama does not 

necessarily endorse any of the companies 

advertising in this publication or the views 

of its writers. 

Alabama Contractor is designed and 

published by Blue Water Publishers, LLC. 

Articles and information published in this 

magazine may not be reproduced without 

written consent of the APHCC of Alabama 

or Blue Water Publishers, LLC. APHCC 

reserves the right in its sole discretion to 

reject advertising that does not meet APHCC 

qualifications or which may detract from its 

business, professional or ethical standards. 

The publisher cannot assume responsibility 

for claims made by advertisers and is not 

responsible for the opinions expressed by 

contributing authors. 

For more information 

on advertising, contact 

Eric Johnson, Blue Water Publishers, LLC, 

9406 N. 107th St., Milwaukee, WI 53224 

414-708-2059 / fax: 414-354-5317 

eric@bluewaterpublishers.com

A Message from the 

PHCC Executive Vice President 

Michael Copp 

FIVE GENERATIONS 

EQUAL FIVE PREFERRED 

COMMUNICATION STYLES 

Silents 2 

Baby Boomers 1 

Generation X 1 

Generation Y 1 

(Millennials) 

Generation Z 2 

Born 

1925-146 

1946-1964 

1965-1981 

1982-1995 

1196-2009 

Size 

20 million 

78 million 

48 million 

80 million 

1 in 5 Employees by 2027 

Characteristics 

Dedicated, loyal, 

teamwork 

Hardworking, loyal, 

confident, cynical, 

competitive 

Anti-authority, highly 

individualistic, selfreliant, 

family-focused 

Confident, digital 

thinkers, sense of 

entitlement, needy 

Value authenticity and realness 

Why they are 

the way they are 

Wartime Generation 

Wealthiest, healthiest, 

raised to pursue the 

American Dream 

Children of 

workaholics, arrival 

of cable television 

and computers, raised 

to be self-reliant 

Micromanaged by 

parents, technology, 

always rewarded for 

participation. Raised 

to be high achievers. 

Never lived without the internet. Grew 

up in the Great Recession. They watched 

their parent struggle with finances that 

were seemingly stable just months 

before. They worry about the economy 

and are willing to work hard for a living. 

Communication 

Styles 

Print media 

Prefer detailed 

dialogue, in-person, 

phone meetings 

Prefer concise 

communications, no 

clichés or corporate 

jargon. Prefer email 

Prefer frequent 

feedback and problemsolving 

via technology 

instead of phone calls 

or meetings. 

Social media and virtual networking 

sites. Online communities. 

Association executives 

are managing a diversity 

of members that extend 

across five very different 

generations (the same can be said of 

PHCC contractors and their employees). 

The following table shares some 

characteristics of each generation and 

what they expect when they join an 

association. In particular, I was fascinated 

by the preferred communication style 

for each generation shown above. 

As shown in the graphic to the right, if 

you consider that most associations are 

governed and supported by the “baby 

boomer” generation 1 , then one can see 

the difficult choices that have to be made 

in developing blended communications 

that are valued across generations. For 

those who have transitioned from printed 

to digital magazines in order to appeal 

to younger generations, Early Adopters 

and Innovators (and to save production 

costs), may have unintentionally caused 

a greater sense of disenfranchisement 

and decreased membership value for 

the “silents” and the “baby boomers” 

(Adapters and Late Majorities); who 

still value printed content. Conversely, 

printed content may be seen as “old 

school” by Generation Ys and Zs: (Early 

Fall 2019 • www.alabamaphcc.org • Alabama Contractor 5

Majorities, Early Adopters and Innovators) who might then 

overlay that general perception upon the association and decide 

that is not for them. There is value in utilizing a broad range of 

communication modes to maintain member satisfaction based on 

their individual communications styles and how they consume 

and share information across generations. The ultimate goal is 

to continuously move the “member segmentation curve” 4 on 

the previous page. 

Identifying preferred intelligences of audiences 

Peter Kline and Bernard Saunders in their book, “Ten Steps 

to a Learning Organization,” talk about humans having 

seven different intelligences: visual and spatial, bodily and 

kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, linguistic, 

and logical and mathematical. In addition, effective 

communicators learn to read queues in identifying preferred 

intelligences of their audience to maximize understanding 

between the sender and receiver of information. This is called 

neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). Roy Yarbrough explains 

that NLP suggests that people talk to themselves differently 

when synthesizing information. They take in data through 

auditory, visual and kinesthetic methods. They also give others 

clues as to how they prefer to receive data through their vocal 

responses. For example: 

• Auditory people might say … “I hear what you are saying. 

Tell me again why you believe we should take this approach?” 

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• Visual people might say … “I see what you are saying. Show 

me again why you believe we should take this approach.” 

• Kinesthetic people might say … “I feel like I understand 

where you are coming from. Let’s talk about how you feel 

about taking this approach.” 

Fun Fact — The neuro-linguistic theory also suggests there 

are eye-accessing clues that indicate how a person is recalling 

information: 

• Vr- Visual Remembered. Looking up and to the left indicates 

remembering and event or image which occurred in the past. 

• Vc- Visual Constructed. Looking up and to the right indicates 

thinking of an event or image, which has not yet taken place. 

(This is sometimes construed as lying) 

• Ar- Auditory Remembered. Looking to our left at eye level 

indicates that we are remembering a sound, word, phrase or 

other auditory event which has actually taken place. 

• Ac- Auditory Constructed. Looking to our right at eye level 

indicates that we are trying to imagine a sound, phrase, word 

or other auditory event, which we have not actually heard 

before. 

• Ai- Auditory Internal. Looking to our lower left indicates 

when we are in the process of conducting a conversation 

within ourselves. This may be an internal debate, weighing 

options or evaluating a statement. 

• K- Kinesthetic. Looking to our lower right indicates that we 

are experiencing a strong emotion or feeling about what is 

being said or done. 

Left dominant people reverse the cues described above. All 

descriptions are from the perspective of the other person. 

1 

Sarah Sladek and Barb Ernster (2015), Engaging Young Generations, 

Understanding membership engagement trends in order to recruit, 

retain and sustain Generation X and Y. XYZ University, www. 

xyzuniveristy.com. 

2 

Calli Dretke (2017), Engaging the 5 Generations of Association 

Membership. Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 24, 2019 at 

https://www.nextwaveconnect.com/blog/engaging-the-5-generations-ofassociation-membership 

3 

Callie Walker (2016), Generation Z and Associations: What You Need 

to Know, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on July 25, 2019 at https:// 

blog.memberclicks.com/generation-z-and-associations-what-you-needto-know. 

4 

Seth Godin (2003), Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being 

Remarkable, (1st ed.) The Penguin Group, New York, NY, page 6. 

5 

Piet Levy (2011), Don’t Leave the Elderly Out of Your Marketing, Plan, 

Retrieved from the World Wide Web on August 20, 2019 at https:// 

www.leadingageil.org/portals/0/pdf/weeksnews/2011/jun11/Dont%20 

Forget%20the%20Silent%20Generation_062011.pdf 

6 Alabama Contractor • www.alabamaphcc.org • Fall 2019

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY 

OF WATER SYSTEMS WITH VARIABLE SPEED 

PUMPS AND PRESSURE SENSORS 

HOW NEW TECHNOLOGY WATER PUMPS WITH PRESSURE SENSORS 

ARE MEETING THE NEEDS OF 21ST CENTURY LIVING 

By Daniel Mullen, Sensata Technologies 

Distributing water on a large scale is a challenge the world 

has tackled for decades. It is a particular challenge in 

high-rise buildings, and with a trend for designers to 

build up in urban areas, rather than out, it is a challenge 

that has become a new focus for design engineers. 

Occupants of these buildings — office and factory workers, 

apartment and condo residents — are all very sensitive to failures 

of the water distribution system. People get upset if their hot water 

for showers and baths are intermittent or totally run out because 

people on other floors use up the available allocation of heated 

water. 

What happens when hot water does not immediately start flowing? 

People let the water run until the flow heats up — potentially 

wasting a great deal of water as well as the energy required to 

pump and distribute the water. 

In addition, consistent water pressure is a must for correct 

operations of appliances like dishwashers and laundry machines 

as well as for industrial and manufacturing machinery. 

The challenge to improve the mechanics of building water 

distribution systems is driven by two fundamental needs: firstly, 

the need to increase efficiency, and in doing so, decrease water 

wastage; and secondly, to improve the reliability of the installed 

systems, thereby reducing the ongoing cost of maintenance and 

repair. 

OLD-WORLD THINKING 

Old technology pumps in large industrial water systems typically 

use pressure switches calibrated to switch the pump on if the water 

pressure falls to below a specific point (say, below 50 psi) and off 

if the pressure exceeds a given parameter (for example, 70 psi). 

This operation is fine up to a point, but it essentially means that the 

pump is either working at full speed or not at all, and these surges 

in demand placed upon a mechanical system may lead to problems 


with reliability and repair. Although undoubtedly rugged and 

reliable, the industrial systems of old also tended to be expensive 

and inefficient. 

ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS 

Therefore, pump and water system designers have looked for 

alternative solutions. First amongst them are the new Variable 

Speed Pumps (VSP). 

VSPs use a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) or Variable Speed 

Drive (VSD) to continuously optimize the pump speed and power 

consumption while maintaining constant outlet pressure of the 

pump. In such scenarios, pressure sensors are essential. A pressure 

sensor converts the outlet pressure to an electrical signal, which 

the VFD uses to adjust the pump’s speed and is either included as 

an integral part of the pump design or mounted externally as part 

of a total solution. 

Similarly, in many cases, a high cut-out pressure switch is 

mounted to prevent the pump from outputting extreme pressure. 

An additional pressure sensor can also be mounted on the inlet of 

the pump to monitor efficiency. 

BENEFITS OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS 

The benefits of pressure sensors in Variable Speed Pump design 

can be categorized into three key areas: efficiency, reliability and 

the user experience: 

Efficiency — Pumps that utilize VSDs in conjunction with 

pressure sensors to maintain constant pressure output are proven 

to be more efficient. Indeed, in tests, they are proven to be up to 

30% more efficient than “traditional” technologies (Hydraulic 

Institute, Europump, & U.S. Department of Energy, 2004). 

Reliability — VSPs often run at lower speeds and do not run on 

an outdated “stop/start” cycle, therefore there is less stress on the 

pump, which results in greater reliability, a longer life cycle and 

less downtime. This in turn means a lower cost of maintenance. 

User Experience — The efficiency and reliability of a VSP 

ultimately translates into an improved customer experience. Even 

in the more challenging environments, such as high-rise buildings, 

a constant, reliable water pressure can be maintained. Beyond the 

undoubted benefit of a more reliable water supply, customers 

are also able to easily modify the pressure supply (depending on 

load and preference). The digital nature of the technology also 

allows for greater connectivity with the Internet of Things (IoT), 

effectively making the pump an intelligent device providing key 

data that can be acted upon in the event that a problem is identified, 

such as a burst pipe or leak, or to determine water usage. By using 

IoT connectivity, building managers can remotely monitor and 

regulate water use, as well as respond in an emergency by either 

turning the water systems off to reduce spillage, or by allocating 

the highest water press to combating emergencies, such as fighting 

fires on the higher levels of a building. 

USE AND APPLICATION OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS 

Traditionally, VSPs have been used in larger, commercial and/or 

industrial applications, given the previously high costs involved. 

As costs have come down, and designs improved (notably the cost 

and size of electronics in the VFD and VSD), VSPs have become 

affordable in more mainstream, residential applications. 

Using variable speed drives with 

pressure sensors and switches to 

optimize pump speed and power 

consumption while maintaining 

constant outlet pressure increases 

system efficiency while reducing 

maintenance costs in residential 

water booster pump installations. 


As the cost of components and pumps becomes more affordable, 

variable speed pumps are being used to increase the efficiency and 

reliability of water distribution systems in multistory buildings. 

This growth has been driven not simply by falling costs but, 

more importantly, by rising demand. Increasing urbanization 

on a global scale, often combined with a less than consistent 

municipal water supply, and power supply mandates, means that 

the effective delivery of water is a very real challenge. This in 

turn has prompted the sensor manufacturers to innovate. 

It is notoriously difficult to maintain a constant water pressure 

to every story of a high-rise building, but this is again where 

the new generation of pumps and sensors come into their own, 

replacing the inefficient and inconsistent “traditional” approach 

to water provision via a rooftop water reservoir. 

Sensors can detect variations in water pressure to determine when 

the pump needs to work a little harder to maintain a constant 

pressure and when it can relieve the pressure, but without the 

extremes of being either fully “off” or fully “on.” Pumps work 

more efficiently if they are run at a constant rate; they are also 

less prone to failure, with all of the associated costs of ongoing 

repair and maintenance. 

PRESSURE SENSOR INNOVATION 

Sensata has a range of sensors for use in industrial pumps where 

components require rugged, industrial housings. For example, 

its 60/70CP range pressure sensors are proven for use in other 

industries that require the reliable pumping of liquids, such as 

oil, and with a very high degree of reliability (10 million cycle 

lifespan). They are also robust enough to withstand potentially 

damaging phenomenon such as pressure spikes and hydraulic 

shock. 

As well as the proven 60/70CP sensors, Sensata has recently 

launched a cost-efficient pressure sensor family (116CP/126CP), 

for smaller residential booster pumps. The patented 116CP/126CP 

sensor design is derived from highly reliable and proven 

automotive grade pressure sensing technology. The sensors’ 

innovative plastic housing has options for use in drinking water 

applications and makes them ideal for residential and other lower 

cost pump applications 

The pressure sensor converts the pressure signal into an electronic 

value, which the pump VFP uses to control or maintain the output 

pressure. The sensor measurement pressure value is usually 

presented on the pump’s display, and in some cases, customers 

are able to view and monitor pressures via an application on their 

smartphone or tablet. In addition, a notification can alert users of 

irregularities and assist in preventative maintenance. 

The world’s water systems are in desperate need of improvement 

— especially as the world’s water resources continue to shrink. 

Many have predicted, with the advent of global warming and 

climate change — that access to clean, potable water will be the 

most critical element of life in the next century. Anything we can 

do to improve overall water distribution efficiency and reduce 

waste, will be of benefit as the world’s population continues to 

grow and migrate in response to changing climates and rising 

ocean levels. 

Companies like Sensata, who are developing and implementing 

new technology water pumps and pressure sensors, will play a 

crucial role in the design of residential and commercial solutions 

that drive system efficiency and reliability and help to reduce 

waste while improving the user experience. 

Daniel Mullen is a product line manager at Sensata Technologies 

where he leads the product strategy and roadmap for pressure 

and temperature sensors for the global industrial, HVAC and 

refrigeration markets. He has seven years of experience with 

electromechanical and sensor products and has a Master of 

Science in mechanical engineering from Worcester Polytechnic 

Institute and an MBA from Boston College. 



EPA’S NEW TECH REPORT ON 

RESIDENTIAL AIR CLEANER 

TECHNOLOGIES RAISES 

AWARENESS OF OZONE DANGER 

By Aaron Engel 

The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Residential Air 

Cleaners, a new technical summary report recently released, is 

sure to bring increased awareness to the contractor community 

and end-users regarding ozone. 

The EPA’s 75-page, comprehensive document (www.epa. 

gov/iaq EPA 402-F-09-002) on the strategies, advantages and 

disadvantages of all residential air cleaner methodologies 

has gone on record and stated that ozone-generating models 

are detrimental to homeowners’ respiratory tracts, lungs and 

general health. 

Prior to the EPA document’s release, the American Society 

of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 

(ASHRAE) had already taken a similar position on ozonegenerating 

air cleaners and their detriment to occupant health. 

ASHRAE’s 2015 publication “Position Document on Filtration 

and Air Cleaning” states in Section 2.6, “Ozone is harmful 

for health and exposure to ozone creates risk for a variety 

of symptoms and diseases associated with the respiratory 

tract; ozone emission is thus undesirable.” Section 3.2 of the 

document further states, “Devices that use the reactivity of 

ozone for the purpose of cleaning the air should not be used 

in occupied spaces because of negative health effects that arise 

from exposure to ozone and its reaction products.” 

Electrostatic Precipitators, Ionizers and Ozone 

The EPA has stated that electrostatic precipitators (ESP) and 

ionizers, which are air cleaning devices positioned in the 

airstream of HVAC systems, as potential contributors to ozone. 

Both methodologies use a powered electrostatic process to 

charge particles, which become attracted to oppositely charged 

plates or other indoor surfaces to remove airborne particulates. 

According to the EPA report, “Because ESPs and ionizers use 

high voltage to generate ionized fields, they may produce ozone 

either as a byproduct or by design. Ozone is a lung irritant that 

poses risks to health.” 

The report also states that “some makes, and models of ESPs 

and ionizers can increase indoor ozone concentrations that can 

even exceed public health standards.” 

Some designs of another popular air cleaner methodology, 

ultraviolet lamp systems, may also intentionally produce ozone 

by design. For example, some manufacturers purposefully 

use specific UV wavelengths that create ozone to produce the 

distinct ozone odor. The air cleaners are either installed in the 

supply ductwork or the HVAC system plenum for airstream 

disinfection or near the cooling coil to also prevent mold and 

other biological growth. 

Still, other organizations have carved out regulatory ozone 

requirements for consumers. For example, the U.S. Food 

and Drug Administration (FDA) was the first to set an ozone 

emissions limit of 0.05 ppm (50 ppb) for all medical devices. 

In 2008, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) targeted 

ozone emissions with a state-wide regulation requiring 

certification of all electronic air cleaners under UL 867’s test 

standard of 0.05 ppm (50 ppb) limit. 

The media prominence of the EPA will help Residential Air 

Cleaners garner significant consumer attention in the coming 

months among HVAC service contractor customers. Therefore, 

contractors should be prepared to discuss ozone and how 

products they are providing may or may not be producing 

ozone as a primary function or as a byproduct. 


There is no doubt ultraviolet lamp systems disinfect biological 

contaminants, according to equipment that passes two UVGI 

effectiveness test standards, ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 185.1 

for UVGI lamps in in-duct airstream irradiation; and ANCI/ 

ASHRAE Standard 185.2 for UVGI lamps for in-duct surface 

irradiation. 

Whether or not a UVGI lamp generates ozone 

however, is dependent upon its wavelength. Both 

UVA 315-400 nanometer (nm) and UVC 100- 

280 nm are used in UVGI air cleaners to 

deactivate microorganism reproduction by 

altering their DNA structure. Uncoated 

UVC lamps at or above 254-nm do not 

generate ozone, whereas uncoated lamps 

with wavelengths below 254-nm can 

generate ozone through photolysis of 

oxygen and further reaction, according 

to the EPA report. 

While the EPA’s report raises a red flag 

on ozone potential in residential UVGI 

air cleaners, it does not distinguish 

what brands and models emit harmful 

ozone. That raises questions for 

HVAC contractors who are aware that 

some brands may or may not generate 

ozone to provide their customers with 

IAQ solutions and may do more harm 

than good. 

Furthermore, many air cleaner 

manufacturers with designs including 

purposeful ozone generation 

began substituting their suspected 

methodologies with marketing terms that 

omit ozone descriptions. For example, 

the popular terms 10 years ago were ozone 

generator and ozonator, however those 

terms are rarely used in air cleaner marketing 

materials in light of current ozone findings. This 

misguided marketing creates expectant and quite 

undesirable marketplace confusion regarding the 

amount of ozone generation and off-gassing emissions by 

several IAQ technologies, products and brands. Consequently, 

consumers and even HVAC contractors, who wanted to install 

the safest products, had nowhere to turn for zero ozone emission 

confirmation. 

UL 2998 Validation for Zero Ozone 

Consequently, Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 

Northbrook, Illinois, recently took on the task 

of creating the desperately needed validation for 

zero ozone air cleaning devices. UL 2998 is the 

long-awaited environmental claim procedure with 

validation. Contractors and consumers can now visit UL SPOT 

(ul.com/spot), which lists all types of sustainable products 

worldwide. The UL SPOT’s “HVAC Air Cleaners” section lists 

validated zero ozone products. Qualifying zero ozone emission 

products must demonstrate they emit less than the maximum 

ozone concentration limit of 0.005 ppm (5 ppb), which is 

below quantifiable level for ozone testing. This is 10- 

fold less than permitted under test standard UL 867, 

which allows concentrations of 0.05 ppm (50 ppb). 

Approved products also receive a validation 

badge that can be displayed on marketing 

materials and product labels. 

Although the EPA report targets residential 

systems, contractors should be aware that 

commercial air cleaning devices can also 

come under scrutiny. Consequently, 

specifying a zero ozone device may 

be the difference between winning 

and losing bids, especially when 

facility design teams recognize 

their importance. Zero ozone air 

treatment device specifications may 

also someday be required by green 

building design projects. Zero ozone 

air cleaning device mandates may 

someday be required by programs, 

such as Leadership in Energy and 

Environmental Design (LEED®), 

General Services Administration 

(GSA) Advantage, the Collaborative 

for High Performance Schools (CHPS), 

the International Green Construction 

Code (IgCC) and European Union 

guidelines and directives. 

HVAC contractors can be assured ozone 

discussions will inevitably arise from 

customers who read the many reports that are 

surfacing in the media on the dangers of ozone 

emissions. It would be prudent for contractors 

to prepare their service people with the factual 

answers based on the research and refer customers to 

sources, such as the UL SPOT, where they will find a list of 

validated air cleaning devices that provide air purification with 

zero ozone emissions. 

Aaron Engel is vice president of business development at Fresh- 

Aire UV (www.freshaireuv.com), North America’s 

largest manufacturer of residential, commercial 

and medical UV disinfection and carbon/titanium / 

PCO-based air purification systems. Fresh-Aire UV’s 

APCO air treatment system recently earned UL 2998 

validation for emitting zero ozone. Engel can be 

reached at aaron@freshaireuv.com or 800-741-1195. 


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Associate Member Pricing 

The Alabama Chapter of 

Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors Association 

ANNUAL TRADE SHOW 

___________________________ 

OUR 2018 EXHIBITORS 

Covenant Fire & Water 

Coleman Russell & Associates 

Jim Benton & Associates 

Will & Pierce Agency 

Backflow Control 

Viega LLC 

DEC Fire & Water 

Credit Card Information: 

Mid American Marketing 

Haier Ductless 

Tim Morales & Associates 

Federated Insurance 

A H Deveney & Co 

Spartan Tool 

Alabama Plumbing & Gas Fitters Board 

Plumbing-Heating-Cooling 

EXHIBITOR 

Contractors 

APPLICATION 

of Alabama 

Wednesday, October 16, 2018 – 10:00 AM – 2:00 PM 

ANNUAL 

Hoover Tactical 

TRADE 

Firearms 

SHOW 

October LUNCH WILL 16, BE SERVED 2019 

At (Prizes Hoover for the Tactical top 3 shooters) Firearms 

Hoover, Alabama 

FREE TO ATTEND FOR CONTRACTORS AND STAFF 

Hoover Tactical Firearms 

1561 Montgomery Highway 

Hoover, AL 35216 

10am – 2pm 

Lunch will be served 

Non-Member Pricing* 

____ Range My Company Pass and is Gun an Associate of the Week Member Competition of ALPHCC 

1561 Montgomery Hwy, Hoover, AL 35216 

Range Pass & Gun of the Week Competition 

$200.00 per booth 


(*Non-member pricing includes Associate Member Dues for 2020.) 

Set-up will be between 9:00 AM and 10:00 AM. 

My company will require _______ booth(s) for our exhibit. 

Company Name: ____________________________________________________________________________ 

Company Name: __________ 

Representative: ____________________________________________________________________________ 

Representative: __________ 

Address: ____________________________________ City: ______________________ State____ZIP Address: ________________ 

Phone: ____________________ Email:__________________________________________________________ 

Phone: Please remit to: PHCC of Alabama – PO Box 36972, Birmingham, AL 35236 

ASSOCIATED 

of ALABAMA 


Plumb 



Credit Card #:_________________________________________________ Exp. Date: ____________________ 

Credit Card #:____________ 

Name as it appears on Card: ____________________________________________CVV/CVV2 Name Code_________ 

as it appears on Card: 

Address: ____________________________________ City: ______________________ State____ZIP Address: ________________ 

We 

(*Non-member pricing inclu 

Set-up will be between 9:00 

____ My Company is an Asso 

My company will require ___ 

Please remit to: PHCC of Ala 



ASSOCIATED 

of ALABAMA 

The Alabama Chapter of 

Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors Association 

ANNUAL TRADE SHOW 

EXHIBITOR APPLICATION 

Wednesday, October 16, 2018 – 10:00 AM – 2:00 PM 

Hoover Tactical Firearms 

1561 Montgomery Hwy, Hoover, AL 35216 

LUNCH WILL BE SERVED 

Range Pass & Gun of the Week Competition 

(Prizes for the top 3 shooters) 






(*Non-member pricing includes Associate Member Dues for 2020.) 

Set-up will be between 9:00 AM and 10:00 AM. 

____ My Company is an Associate Member of ALPHCC 

My company will require _______ booth(s) for our exhibit. 

Company Name: ____________________________________________________________________________ 

Representative: ____________________________________________________________________________ 

Address: ____________________________________ City: ______________________ State____ZIP ________ 

Phone: ____________________ Email:__________________________________________________________ 

Please remit to: PHCC of Alabama – PO Box 36972, Birmingham, AL 35236 


Credit Card #:_________________________________________________ Exp. Date: ____________________ 

Name as it appears on Card: ____________________________________________CVV/CVV2 Code_________ 

Address: ____________________________________ City: ______________________ State____ZIP ________ 


BASIC PRINCIPLES 

FOR SIZING GREASE 

INTERCEPTORS 

Courtesy of the Plumbing and Drainage Institute 

Grease interceptor is an overall term. It is a product category much 

like “faucets.” In actual practice there are many different designs 

but there are two basic design principles that are used for separating 

the FOG (fats, oils and grease) from the wastewater. There has been 

confusion over the years in that both designs have been referred to 

as grease interceptors. 

In 2006 a consensus of the industry specifiers and plumbing officials 

with the leadership of IAPMO designated new names for these two 

types of grease interceptors — hydromechanical grease interceptor 

and gravity grease interceptor. 

The hydromechanical grease interceptor incorporates air entrapment, 

the buoyancy of grease in water and hydro mechanical separation 

with interior baffling for FOG separation. Hydromechanical grease 

interceptors continuously separate the FOG at the velocity it enters 

the interceptor. 

The gravity grease interceptor incorporates two or more 

compartments in series, a minimum volume of 300 gallons and 

uses its larger volume of water to slow the flow velocity down, 

allowing the time required for the buoyancy of FOG in water to 

cause separation. That is why the physical size of the gravity grease 

interceptor is greater than the physical size of the hydromechanical 

grease interceptor. 

With both design types the key to proper sizing is understanding the 

“size” nomenclature since it is different for each type. 

In plumbing valves, piping and fixtures, it is common to size a 

product by its inlet connection pipe size. This, however, is not true 

with either type of grease interceptor. The size of hydromechanical 

grease interceptors is expressed in the gallons per minute flow 

(GPM) that the grease interceptor can accept and still remove 90% 

plus of the FOG from the influent. The common sizes available 

today are 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 50, 75, and 100 GPM. 

The size of a gravity grease interceptor is based on the actual volume 

of water the interceptor will hold expressed in gallons. Common 

sizes available today are 300, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,250, 1,500, 2,000, 

3,000 gallons. 

Ever though the designs differ in separation methods and size 

nomenclature, the system parameter that must be known for proper 

sizing is the same. That parameter is the expected maximum flow in 

GPM that the grease interceptor will receive. 

With the flow determined, hydromechanical grease interceptor 

sizing is very straightforward. You match the calculated flow 

in GPM to the size on the interceptor, which is marked in GPM. 

Hydromechanical grease interceptors, like most plumbing devices, 

are performance-tested to national standards. The standards for 

hydromechanical grease interceptors are PDI G101 and ASME 

A112.14.3. The hydromechanical grease interceptors are tested at 

their rated flow, which is their size designation. For example, a 20 

GPM size is tested with a 20 GPM flow of grease-laden water. With 

an expected maximum flow of 20 GPM, you would use a 20 GPM 

size interceptor. 

To size a gravity grease interceptor with the flow determined in 

GPM, you multiply the flow number by a detention time of 30 

minutes (the time period normally excepted for the grease to 

separate by buoyancy). With our 20 GPM example, the size would 

be 20 x 30 = 600. A 600-gallon size interceptor would be used. 

The sizing methods are rarely disputed. The difference of opinion 

is in determining the GPM flow that the grease interceptor should 

be sized to handle. When the actual grease producing fixtures are 

known, one school of thought is to calculate the total GPM based 

on the total of all the volumes of the fixtures draining in one minute, 

plus the total of other fixtures that have a designed flow rate. This 

would be the peak flow rate for the facility. 

The other school of thought is to use DFUs (drainage fixture 

units) assigned to each fixture by the plumbing code and use what 


would be an average flow rate. Sizing to potential peak flow rate 

will work for both types of grease interceptors. Sizing to DFUs 

for hydromechanical grease interceptors can result in peak flows 

beyond the size chosen and result in extended drain down time for 

fixtures. But since the hydromechanical grease interceptor has a 

vented flow control, the designed flow will not be exceeded, and 

the FOG removal efficiency will not be compromised although 

increased drain down times may be unrealistic and unworkable in 

a busy kitchen. 

Gravity grease interceptors sized with DFUs could see peak flow 

in excess of the sizing, resulting in a decrease in detention time. At 

some point, reducing detention time will affect and decrease grease 

separation efficiency. 

The other challenge in sizing a grease interceptor is the facilities 

where the actual fixtures are not known. This can happen in a build 

out at a mall where the square footage is designated for a restaurant, 

but the type is not known and there is a potential to change 

restaurants in the future. Grease interceptors are often required to 

be incorporated in the basic building before occupancy is known. 

All that may be known at this point to size the interceptor is the 

drainpipe size that will discharge to the grease interceptor. 

Again, there are two schools of thought for determining expected 

flow in GPM, which is needed to size either type of grease 

interceptor. 

The Plumbing and Drainage 

Institute (PDI) is an association 

of manufacturers of engineered 

plumbing products in a business 

area commonly referred to 

by the mechanical side of the 

construction industry as “the 

drain business.” 

Our objective is to promote the advancement of Engineered 

Plumbing Products through publicity, public relations, research 

and standardization of product requirements, as well as to prepare, 

edit and publish Standards relating to plumbing products and to 

provide certified testing, rating and installation procedures for 

Grease Interceptors and Water Hammer Arresters in Standards 

PDI-G101 and PDI-WH201 respectively. 

PDI maintains testing equipment in independent testing laboratories 

for the purpose of testing Water Hammer Arresters for compliance 

with Standard PDI-WH201 and Grease Interceptors for compliance 

with Standard PDI-G101. Certified Products carry the Seal of the 

Plumbing & Drainage Institute as evidence that the product has 

met the specified requirements of the Institute’s Standards. 

PDI also works to develop National Standards through the American 

Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME A-112 Committee. We also 

participate in the development of the model plumbing codes with 

IAPMO, International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical 

Officials and ICC, International Code Council. 

The first school of thought is that the maximum flow would be a full 

pipe with gravity flow. Based on standard engineering calculations, 

full flow, ¼ pitch, by gravity would approximately be 20 GPM for a 

2-inch pipe; 60 GPM for a 3-inch pipe; 125 GPM for a 4-inch pipe; 

203 GPM for a 5-inch pipe; and 375 GPM for a 6-inch pipe. 

The second school of thought is that in a properly designed drainage 

system the pipe will never be more than 50% of full capacity. When 

using the first school of thought, both types of grease interceptors will 

perform properly — neither one will be undersized. Using the second 

school of thought, if flows do exceed 50%, the hydromechanical 

grease interceptor will control the flow so grease separation is not 

compromised, but fixture drain down time will be extended. If flows 

exceed the 50% with the gravity grease interceptor, retention time 

will be decreased reducing grease removal efficiency. 

Is bigger better? Not necessarily. At one time gravity grease 

interceptors were sized by both flow and expected retained solids, 

which made them larger needing less frequent cleaning. Actual 

field experience has now shown that oversizing can result in the 

generation of hydrogen sulfide gas and sulfuric acid, destroying the 

interceptor and drainage system. 

So there is no pat answer for grease interceptor sizing. Sound 

engineering judgment should be applied to each system design. 

Max Weiss is the executive director for the Plumbing and Drainage 

Institute, www.pdionline.org. He can be reached at 800-589-8956 or 

mweiss@pdionline.org. 


STUDENTS SAY UNCLEAN RESTROOMS 

IMPACT THEIR PERCEPTION OF SCHOOL 

As a new school year begins, a survey of 

9th to 12th graders reveals that unclean 

school restrooms cause them to have a 

negative perception of their institution 

and its leaders. Of those surveyed, 68% 

say school restrooms that are poorly 

maintained or unclean show the school 

doesn’t care about its students, reflects 

poor school management 

and lowers their overall 

opinion of the school. 

In fact, nearly half of 

students describe the 

condition of their school 

restrooms as poor or fair. 

The findings are part 

of the Healthy Hand- 

Washing Survey 

conducted by Bradley 

Corp. The research 

asked students across 

the country about their 

school restrooms and 

hand-washing habits. 

“The negative impact of 

poorly maintained school restrooms is 

clearly significant and spreads beyond 

the bathroom doors to the entire school,” 

said Jon Dommisse, director of strategy 

and corporate development for Bradley 

Corp. “Female students are even more 

inclined to be negatively influenced by 

run-down school restrooms.” 

The state of a school restroom likely 

factors into a student’s decision on 

whether to visit the restroom. While 

most (81%) use their school restroom 

daily, 19% claim to never frequent it. 

They avoid the facilities in part because 

they’re dirty, smelly or have broken or 

old toilets, sinks and doors. 


Outside of schools, restroom conditions 

in public businesses also influence 

high school students’ perceptions and 

preferences. Most students (62%) have 

frequented a business based on its 

cleaner, well-maintained restrooms. 

Similarly, 64% of adults show 

preferential treatment for businesses 

with pleasant restrooms. 

PRIVACY TOPS STUDENT WISH LIST 

Students do have suggestions for school 

restroom improvements. Their number 

one request is more privacy. They’d like 

taller stall doors and want gaps between 

the stall panels eliminated. Their second 

wish is for cleaner facilities followed by 

more air fresheners. When asked what 

bothers them the most about school 

restrooms, foul odors top the list. 

If students do encounter an unclean or 

unpleasant restroom, they usually skip 

their trip. More than half say they leave 

without using the restroom and 39% 

try to avoid using that restroom in the 

future. Just 20% take action to address 

the situation by notifying a teacher or 

school management. 

In contrast, the Healthy Hand-Washing 

Survey found that when adults are faced 

with an unpleasant restroom, their first 

course of action is to alert management 

(43%). Just 26% of adults choose to exit 

without using the facilities as opposed to 

the 52% of students who do so. 

Avoiding Germs in School Restrooms 

Germs in school restrooms are another 

hot topic. Students believe the germiest 

surfaces are toilet flushers, the floor 

around the toilet and stall door handles. 

Students back up their beliefs with 

actions — 46% operate the toilet flusher 

with their foot in order reduce their 

contact with germs and 33% use a paper 

towel to open the door. Females are 

significantly more likely to use these 

germ-avoidance strategies in restrooms. 

And, even though most schools don’t 

post hand-washing reminders, they 

might consider it — 57 % of students 

say they’d be more likely to wash if 

there was a sign in the restroom. 

The Healthy Hand-Washing Survey 

by Bradley Corp. was conducted 

online Jan. 3-8, 2019, and queried 630 

American students enrolled in 9th-12th 

grade. Participants were from around the 

country and were evenly split between 

males and females (49 and 51%). 

T&S IS HERE 

Contractors know how important it is to have 

the right resources in place — and so does T&S. 

That’s why we offer a vast selection of high-quality 

plumbing products for a wide range of markets 

and applications, delivering world-class innovation 

and reliability when it matters most. 

Learn more at tsbrass.com/markets. 

EDUCATION HEALTHCARE PUBLIC VENUES COMMERCIAL OFFICES 

T&S plumbing products represented in Alabama by: William & Associates Inc. - 205-833-6666 

TSB_3050 2018 PHCC 7.675x5.indd 1 

Fall 2019 • www.alabamaphcc.org • Alabama 8/13/18 Contractor 10:54 AM 19

PHCC RECOGNIZES BRADFORD WHITE AS HIGHEST STRATEGIC PARTNER CATEGORY 

The PHCC-National Association has 

expanded the partnership status of 

Bradford White Corp. to its highest 

level – a new Strategic Partner category 

– a significant acknowledgment of the 

company’s 40-year commitment to 

the association and its initiatives for 

professional contractors. 

The new recognition expands the 

partnership from solely Bradford White 

Water Heaters to the entire Bradford 

White Corp., an American-based family 

of companies creating technologically 

enhanced, energy-efficient products 

that bring reliable and green heating 

solutions to the world. 

“With a shared mission to strengthen the 

industry through the advancement and 

education of the plumbing and HVACR 

professional contractors, Bradford White 

is a true partner with the PHCC family,” 

said PHCC President Ken Nielsen, 

AccuAire Inc., Reading, Massachusetts. 

“The company provides significant 

support at the national, state and local 

levels of PHCC, as well as in Canada,” 

Nielsen added. “Whether it is sponsoring 

efforts to help contractors recruit and 

train skilled employees, funding industry 

scholarships, or alerting contractors of 

regulatory changes that will affect their 

businesses, Bradford White is always 

there for our professional business 

owners and installers.” 

Bradford White’s initiatives and 

involvement with PHCC include: 

• Contributing a major gift to the 

endowment fund when joining the 

PHCC Educational Foundation Board 

of Governors in 1993. 

• Funding three $2,500 scholarships 

every year since 2003. For 17 years, 

Bradford White has made it possible 

for the PHCC Educational Foundation 

to award 51 scholarships totaling 

$127,500 to apprentices. Bradford 

White also funds scholarships awarded 

by the PHCC-National Auxiliary at 

the same monetary level. 

• Participating in a high-profile 

workforce development roundtable on 

Capitol Hill in 2016. 

• Serving on an advisory board 

that created several workforce 

development resources. 

• Helping create the 2018 Conquer 

the Workforce Challenge hiring and 

recruiting resource guide that serves 

as a helpful tool for PHCC members. 

• Communicating water heater 

regulatory changes through special 

publications and alerts. 

• Sponsoring the always-popular 

opening breakfast during the PHCC 

annual convention. 

• Promoting the value of PHCC 

membership to their customers and 

others. 

“Bradford White is honored to have 

been recognized as a premier Strategic 

Partner by the PHCC. It’s an affirmation 

of our mutual commitment to the 

industry and the professional plumbing 

and HVAC contractor,” said Bruce 

Carnevale, President & CEO, Bradford 

White Corporation. “We look forward to 

continuing our work with the PHCC to 

ensure that the professional contractor 

remains an integral and relevant part of 

our dynamically changing industry and 

the continued evolution of plumbing and 

HVAC customer expectations.” 

NEW EDITION OF PLUMBING 401 TEXTBOOK AVAILABLE 

Time to hit the books – the Foundation has a full set of Dept. of Labor recognized HVAC 

and Plumbing textbooks designed for use in 4-year apprentice training programs. A brand 

new, updated edition of the 4th year plumbing textbook is now available for sale through our 

textbook partner Cengage Learning. 

Need to get an apprentice trained? Many local PHCC chapters run apprentice schools. 

Where a program is not available, some companies run their own in-house programs using 

our books and curriculum. The textbooks can also be used in online apprentice training 

offered through our PHCC Academy. Follow the links below for more details. 

To learn more: https://bit.ly/2kmze9v 

To order: https://bit.ly/2m4aSBK 


SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR ASSOCIATE MEMBERS 

Alabama 811 

Annette Raburn 

811 

mlyvers@al811.com 

Alabama Plumbing and 

Gas Fitters Board 

David Wilcox 

205-945-4857 

Davidh.Wilcox@pgfb.alabama.gov 

Jim Benton & Associates 

Jim Benton 205-664-1221 

jim@bentonandassoc.com 

Coleman Russell 

Ronnie Holmes 

205-833-0700 

Ronnie.holmes@colemanrussell.com 

Covenant Contracting Company 

Christine Joiner 

205-362-9989 

Christiner@dmjservco.com 

DEC Fire 

Jay Compton 

205-940-9913 

jcompton@DECconstruction.com 

Federated Insurance 

Garrett Pepper 

404-497-8871 

Ferguson 

Chris Chiles 

256-858-5801 

Chris.chiles@ferguson.com 

Noland 

Barry Lee 

205-323-6322 

bwlee@noland.com 

Peterson Industrial Inc. 

O.R. Peterson 

205-595-4550 

sonny@peteind.com 

Southern Marketing 

Terry Falkner 

205-276-9051 

tjfalkner@yahoo.com 

Viega LLC 

Russell Olive 

205-383-5236 

Russell.olive@viega.us 

Weathertech 

Spencer Atkins 

205-956-5400 

sgatkins@weathertech.net 

Wiggs-Han & Bohan 

615-350-8334 

office@whbsales.com 

Will & Pierce 

Terry House 

251-621-1550 

dwalker@willandpierce.com 


BREAKING NEWS: 

ALABAMA PHCC AND CONSTRUCTION 

EDUCATION FOUNDATION OF ALABAMA 

PARTNERSHIP FOR EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM 

The Construction Education 

Foundation of Alabama and the 

Alabama PHCC are partnering 

to bring a new plumbing, 

HVAC, and electrical program 

to workers in Alabama. 

Each trade will feature a Basic, 

Intermediate, and Advanced 

programs. The cost for one 

program will be $500 per 

attendee. 

Beginning in February 2020, 

classes will meet twice a week, 

5:00 – 8:30 pm. 

Special Alabama PHCC 

Early Enrollment Period 

Members of the Alabama PHCC 

will receive a special, 2-week 

early enrollment period 

before opening to the general 

public! 

Space will be limited for these 

programs. Final schedules are 

being arranged now. For more 

information, contact Alabama 

PHCC at myalphcc@gmail.com. 

More details in future editions of 

the PHCC Contractor. 

COURSE EXAMPLES: 

Plumbing 

Basic: 

Intro to Plumbing Fixtures 

Plumbing Drawings 

Intermediate: 

Installing and Testing DWV 

Installing Water Heaters 

Advanced: 

Types of Venting 

Plumbing CODE 

HVAC 

Basic: 

Employability Skills 

Soldering and Brazing 

Intermediate: 

Compressors 

Cooling Troubleshooting 

Advanced: 

Refrigerants and Oils 

Sheet Metal Duct Systems 

AND MUCH MORE… 


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water heaters online today. 

Rheem.com/TanklessInnovation 


Locally Represented by: 

Williams & Associates, Inc. 

205.833.6666 

www.wareps.com 

Patented V-Slice ® 

Cutter Technology

Alabama Contractor Fall 2019

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