PCC January/February 2018

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Continued from Page 25 can review current practices, identify potential environmental issues, suggest alternative approaches (chemical, biological and cultural), and provide documentation of progress. In addition, UC IPM has developed a decision support tool (DST) for alfalfa, almond, citrus and cotton (http://www2. ipm.ucanr.edu/decisionsupport/). This tool provides an easy approach to the UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines (PMG), allowing for an easy comparison of chemical and non-chemical approaches across multiple arthropod pests. DST provides a convenient report including pest identification, population assessment, evaluation of the threat, and review of all management and control options. Within the report, links provide specific guidance from PMGs to review options with grower clients. Chemical options provide resistance management information, impact on beneficial predators, parasites, pollinators, and surface water quality concerns. The report provides an IPM annual plan and meets the requirement on written recommendation that PCAs have “considered alternatives and mitigation measures that would substantially lessen any significant adverse impact on the environment have been considered and, if feasible, adopted”. How do we get new tools? The IPM Tool Box depends on both private and public sectors to fund new and innovative tools and practices. The insecticide tools are developed with private investment requiring many years of research and registration process with hope of successful payoffs. As mentioned, these tools are the first to be used as intervention. The other tools in the tool box are developed with public sector funds or commodity based assessment fees. The latter tends to address immediate and intermediate issues such as invasive species or resurgence of endemic pests. These funds tend to be directed toward the “problem du jour” and seeking immediate results. Public sector funds have been directed toward research seeking solutions to intermediate and long term issues. These have supported independent projects which can be directed to problems not covered by other resources. As part of the original UC IPM Program “charter”, a competitive research program was conducted for over 20 years. This program provided the basis for many of the Pest Management Guidelines including sampling, threat assessments, management options, phenology models, cultural and biological practices, and pest/crop interactions. Unfortunately the research component of UC IPM was lost during the UC budget reductions in the early 2000’s. The loss of these public funds has impacted our ability to consider and pursue longer term questions. It has especially affected those crops which cannot support a research assessment program such as many row and field crops. The IPM Tool Box is filled with tools which can wear out and need replacement. While private investment is available for chemical tools, public investment is less available for cultural and biological control tools. Without public commitment to IPM, the tool box will continue to become less diverse and robust, creating a dependence on fewer alternatives and increasing our reliance on insecticide options. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 26 Progressive Crop Consultant January/February 2018
ADVERTORIAL Taking Control of Botryosphaeria in California Walnut Orchards BOTRYOSPHAERIA Botryosphaeria are a group of fungal pathogens that have been well-known for decades in the California pistachio industry, with initial discovery in 1984 and significant production loss to the disease in the late 1990s. However, Bot pathogens have emerged as a growing challenge to walnut tree health and yields in California in the past three to four years. In walnuts, Bot can easily spread from tree to tree by wind or water, and spores germinate with a quarter-inch of rain or as little as 90 minutes of exposure to water. The disease has a multi-season impact on orchards. Bot infects and damages the current year’s fruit, and also the fruit wood that will produce fruit the following year. “In some mature walnut orchards, we’ve seen yield declines of 25 percent or more in the first year, with additional declines the second year and potentially devastating impacts to the health of trees in the orchard,” said Chuck Gullord, a technical sales representative for Bayer. Botryosphaeria spores germinate and enter the tree through existing wounds or scars, such as those from pruning, leaf and fruit drop or bud scars. Research conducted by the University of California in 2014 found that untreated wounds can be susceptible to infection from Bot fungi for extended periods. For example, pruning wounds in medium to large branches can be infected for at least four months after the pruning cut is made. “Walnut trees with scale infestations are 60 to 70 percent more prone to Bot infection.” While walnut scale damage has historically not been considered a significant economic threat to walnut production, the lesions on trunks and old branches caused by scale are a key entry point for Bot infection. Walnut trees with scale infestations are 60 to 70 percent more prone to Bot infection. Chemical control programs are highly effective in controlling Bot fungi as well as scale and other damaging insects that allow disease to spread. Bayer provides several solutions for walnut growers. Luna Sensation ® and Luna Experience ® fungicides are highly effective in controlling Bot fungi, and Movento ® insecticide provides effective control of scale and other major insects and mite pests. Identification of Bot infection in walnut trees can be difficult compared to identifying the disease in pistachio and other trees, because other diseases such as Walnut blight show similar symptoms. The symptoms can also be confused with frost damage or winterkill in some circumstances. Net Weight (lb./A) 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 5,888 84.1% Jumbos 7,055 92.1% Jumbos 6,583 6,638 95% Jumbos 0 Untreated Luna Experience ® Luna Sensation ® Program Program 91.2% Jumbos Competitor Program Yield (lb./A) and percent jumbos in a university/grower large plot trial at Modesto, CA, 2014. Andy Alderson (Modesto Junior College) and Dr. Themis Michailides. Tulare variety, planted 2004. Applications on 4/16, 5/15, 6/25, 7/25 and 10/30. Harvest on 9/29. Plots: 11 rows, 2 rows harvested per plot. In addition, walnut trees in a university/ grower large plot trial treated with Luna Experience ® and Luna Sensation ® programs delivered 1,167 and 695 pounds per acre of increased walnut yields compared to untreated controls. IMPORTANT: This bulletin is not intended to provide adequate information for use of these products. Read the label before using these products. Observe all label directions and precautions while using these products. © 2018 Bayer CropScience LP, 2 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Bayer, the Bayer Cross, Luna, Luna Experience, Luna Sensation, and Movento are registered trademarks of Bayer. Luna and Movento are not registered for use in all states. Always read and follow label instructions. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.CropScience.Bayer.us. January/February 2018 www.progressivecrop.com 27
Page 1 and 2: January/February 2018 Managing Nave
Page 3 and 4: 4 UPCOMING EVENTS: North Valley Nut
Page 5 and 6: Navel orangeworm eggs on an almond
Page 7 and 8: ADVERTORIAL Ensure season-long cont
Page 9 and 10: Liquid Nutrients High Phos TM 8-25-
Page 11 and 12: Exceptional Value. Endless Innovati
Page 13 and 14: ushes to minimize spray movement ab
Page 15 and 16: ADVERTORIAL HUANGLONGBING The Growi
Page 17 and 18: or green island symptoms (Figure 3)
Page 19 and 20: January/February 2018 www.progressi
Page 21 and 22: quadrilateral cordons and spur prun
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 Summary of yield and Ravaz
Page 25: presents imminent threat to the cro
Page 29 and 30: Lettuce. All photos courtesy of Ric
Page 31 and 32: the crop for 10-14 days. Soil nitra
Page 33 and 34: acreage. Other Techniques for Impro
Page 35 and 36: 40 Years of Farming Experience The

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