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and rigour in order to be able to gather the necessary information about an entire country and population. Inflation (a measure of price changes each month) is usually measured ed by looking at a basket of typical things bought by a typical household. What is typically bought will vary regionally, by socioeconomic status, gender, size of household, and over time. This makes comparison over time and across different groups more difficult. Second, a set of data that suggests gests a correlated relationship does not necessarily imply that t the variables have a causal relationship. This is what the field of econometrics (something you might study at university one day) tries to establish with complex statistical techniques and great difficulty. Take a look ok at Figure 1.13 below to help you understand that two variables that move together may not necessarily cause each other. Cheese eaten (kg) Rainfall (mm) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 13 13.5 14 14.5 Key Bedsheet tanglings Cheese eaten [Image 01_16a and b] TS AW Observed Predicted 1 1 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 Days Figure 1.12 (a) Time series data; (b) A scatter plot CRITICAL THINKING Enormously important in all subjects, critical thinking is needed in the study of Individuals and Societies because of the limitations of the methods outlined above. When we study the past, we only have access to the writing and artifacts left behind by people (whether deliberate or not). These do not always provide a complete picture, and information can be interpreted in different ways. In geographical, psychological, management or economic studies about people, it is difficult to gather all the information needed to fully know what we want to know. We can gather survey evidence, we can look at data, we can build mathematical models, but people are complicated and our world changes fast. We must always be aware of the limitations of our methods of investigation. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year Figure 1.13 Amount of cheese consumed per person correlates with number of people who died by becoming caught in their bedsheets. Correlation in data does not mean one of the variables causes the other Key Predicted rainfall (mm) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1 1 50 100150200250 300 350 400 450 500 Observed rainfall (mm) LEnfall SAM PLE LE 100 200 300 400 Deaths caused by bedsheet tanglings 1 Why do individuals form social groups? 23 10425798_01_I&S_for_the_IB_MYP_4&5_Ch01.indd 23 20/01/2020 13:11
When you write anything in Individuals and Societies, but especially when you are being assessed with criterion D (Thinking critically), essentially you are being asked to be clear about the extent to which you know the answer to the question being asked. The best work is balanced and demonstrates an awareness of different perspectives and limitations of the research methods employed. ACTIVITY: Building more sophisticated sticat reference lists ATL Communication skills: Find information for disciplinary and interdisciplinary inquiries, using a variety of media As you progress to the final stage of your Middle Years Programme, you will need to start recognizing what a more sophisticated reference list looks like. Choose an essay that you have written in the past, in which you consulted and cited sources. (If you don’t have one, your teacher should have one for you to look at.) Construct a table like the one below with columns for the name of the source, the weblink (if relevant) and the source’s strengths and weaknesses. Source Weblink Strengths Weaknesses When assessing a source’s strengths and weaknesses, consider the following questions: Will the reader of my source think this information is credible? How do we know the source is credible? Does this source offer alternative perspectives? Is there a range of source types being consulted? Has the source material been embedded well into my work? Make a list of advice for yourself using what you have learned about the use of sources in your work. SAM AMPLE LEE Assessment opportunities In this activity you have practised skills that are assessed using Criterion B: Investigating. 24 Individuals & Societies for the IB MYP 4&5: by Concept 10425798_01_I&S_for_the_IB_MYP_4&5_Ch01.indd 24 20/01/2020 13:11
Page 1 and 2: MYP by Concept 4&5 Individuals & So
Page 3 and 4: at (b) (a) (a) social str the 2
Page 5 and 6: Time, place and space Culture; Iden
Page 7 and 8: Why do individuals form social grou
Page 9 and 10: MEET A SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUAL: ÉMI
Page 11 and 12: DISCUSS To what extent are today’
Page 13 and 14: MEET A SIGNIFICANT INDIVIDUAL: DAN
Page 15 and 16: ACTIVITY: The case for a universal
Page 17 and 18: SOURCE B ‘Dana Bowman, 56, expres
Page 19 and 20: CULTURE In our analysis of social g
Page 21 and 22: What role has social media played i
Page 23 and 24: What impact do social groups have o
Page 25: How do we study Individuals and Soc

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