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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong><br />
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong><br />
John Akomfrah (GH/GB), Forensic Oceanography and<br />
Forensic Architecture (GB), Shaun Gladwell (AU), Karen<br />
Power (IE), Susanne M. Winterling (DE).<br />
Curated by Emer McGarry<br />
<strong>The</strong> Model;<br />
home of <strong>The</strong> Niland Collection<br />
29 Feb. – 31 May 2020<br />
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Contents<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 4<br />
Rosie O’ Reilly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 8<br />
John Akomfrah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 16<br />
Forensic Oceanography and Forensic Architecture . . . . . Page | 32<br />
Shaun Gladwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 48<br />
Karen Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 56<br />
Susanne M. Winterling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page | 66<br />
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong><br />
<strong>The</strong> sea offers us the idea of the infinite, the unknowable. A huge<br />
expanse that invites us to wonder about the limits of our world and<br />
reality. <strong>The</strong> sea has been a source of inspiration to artists, thinkers<br />
and writers for hundreds of years – its sometime serenity juxtaposed<br />
with its sublime terrifying power. <strong>The</strong> sea’s seemingly inexhaustible<br />
abundance and the promise of what lies beyond, have invited humankind<br />
to strike out in exploration in an effort to understand its vastlessness,<br />
and to enrich themselves with the knowledge, sustenance and treasure<br />
they find out there.<br />
<strong>The</strong> sheer immensity of the sea, means it cannot be seen as a clear-cut<br />
theme or topic that can be easily explained or understood. It has many<br />
aspects, and our relationship with it is complex and contradictory. <strong>The</strong><br />
sea is a channel that enables communication and trade, and that casts<br />
knowledge and ideas up on many distant shores. While the sea is a<br />
source of life and abundance, it is also a graveyard, not only for ancient<br />
civilizations, but for the many who bravely risk its depths in search of<br />
peace today. Life within the sea, which once seemed so limitless, has<br />
fallen victim to the actions of the Anthropocene age, and the effects of<br />
this are becoming more scientifically clear all the time.<br />
<strong>The</strong> works in this exhibition invite the viewer to consider the sea as<br />
a setting where a multiplicity of mostly unseen and unknown dramas<br />
are played out, dramas that are at times non-human and at times<br />
inhumane. Through these visual and sound-based works, we invite you<br />
to contemplate the ebb and flow of the ocean, and humankind’s<br />
multi-faceted relationship with it.<br />
<strong>The</strong> show is accompanied by a new music performance and sound<br />
installation by composer and sound artist Karen Power, and a specially<br />
commissioned essay by artist Rosie O’Reilly (IE).<br />
Emer McGarry, 2020<br />
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IT DAZZLES ME SLOWLY<br />
by Rosie O’Reilly<br />
Slipping under the surface of the sea I enter an otherworldly<br />
sensorium. Muffled sounds draw my body under, I’m teased<br />
with a feeling of weightlessness and an ability to shapeshift not<br />
always possible on land. I hold my breadth and wonder what it<br />
is that makes this place feel so like home.<br />
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Asking this question sends me into a speculative<br />
spin where we journey to understand the world<br />
through many different lenses, axes and planes.<br />
<strong>The</strong> boundless possibility of the ocean opens up<br />
an aquatic world of symbolic meaning that I want<br />
to unknot again and again and again. In this place<br />
I am all sensory. This under water place reaches<br />
out and in. Tilting my head, the tidal ripples<br />
lay a hazy path in the sand in front of me. I’m<br />
reminded that these are the tidal patterns that<br />
dictate our terrestrial lives. <strong>The</strong> resonances of<br />
these currents are felt everywhere and it seems<br />
vital to tell the entwined stories of this place. No<br />
one knew this more it seems than Jack B. Yeats<br />
whose abstract brush stokes seem to dance across<br />
different aquatic planes and whose oily figures<br />
shift between the land and sea of his boyhood<br />
town of Sligo. This ability to envisage a new world<br />
through mark and gesture, welcomed strangers<br />
to the west coast of Ireland. Perhaps it is this<br />
ability to view the world through other lenses that<br />
makes art essential now. Never has it been more<br />
important to imagine new worlds, to welcome<br />
strangers and make work that does not stay still<br />
- that comes to meet you in its story telling. Art<br />
then plays a crucial role in helping us ‘stay in the<br />
trouble’ as the cultural theorist and philosopher<br />
Donna Haraway tells us. 1<br />
And these are troubled and stirred up times.<br />
Looking below the surface to investigate led me<br />
to an invasive algae, Undaria pinnatifidais, which<br />
I began tracking in Porto in 2017. I find it today in<br />
Kilmore Quay, Waterford, and in Dún Laoghaire<br />
harbour. 2 Originally from Japan, it is migrating<br />
slowly around the coast of Ireland; hitchhiking<br />
on our leisure vessels and being welcomed by<br />
the warming waters of this new world. While<br />
its population expands and proliferates in local<br />
waters, we watch as the sixth greatest species<br />
extinction gets closer. In Dublin Port gallons<br />
of ballast water from container ships empty<br />
thousands of its spores among other species into<br />
the water, while in the belly of the vessels climatedisplaced<br />
humans risk their lives in refrigerated<br />
units. Coastal areas have always been collision<br />
points for these entwined human and non-human<br />
stories and now, in order to understand these<br />
strange and difficult times, we must unknot them<br />
as they wash up together on sandy shores.<br />
I am drawn down; resisting the urge to breathe I<br />
dive deeper. Again I hear Haraway ‘... it matters<br />
what stories we tell to tell other stories with; it<br />
matters what knots knot knots, what thoughts<br />
think thoughts’. 3 What stories can this aquatic<br />
space reframe if we let it? <strong>The</strong> ocean and tides<br />
challenge borders, carrying and depositing as they<br />
move. <strong>The</strong>se global waves offered our ancestors<br />
an escape to another world as they lifted their<br />
oars and let the current guide them. It is easy to<br />
see how our island ancestors saw this place as<br />
one of mythology and magic, a place to escape<br />
entrapment. Moving with it means an acceptance<br />
of new cycles and paths and of the unknown.<br />
Things ripple and reoccur unresolved on the<br />
same shore. This is the thinking of the ocean;<br />
unknotting our entwined relationship with it<br />
may offer refuge and build new worlds in these<br />
dangerous times.<br />
Unknotting an Evolutionary Tale:<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> and <strong>Us</strong><br />
It is May 2007, Stephen Munro, an archaeologist<br />
at Australian National University began<br />
photographing a collection of shells gathered in<br />
Java in 1891 by Dutch anthropologist Eugene<br />
Dubois as he searched for the link between homo<br />
sapiens and ape. <strong>The</strong> photographs revealed<br />
overlooked fossilised evidence that has now<br />
become part of an alternative story of human<br />
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evolution. Under examination the shells showed<br />
deliberate zigzag markings and small punch holes<br />
made with a shark tooth. Dating placed them as<br />
the oldest markings made by our kind and points<br />
to the bountiful intertidal zone as playing a key<br />
role in our evolution. 4 It seems the Neanderthal’s<br />
recognised the potential of this aquatic foraging<br />
zone too with recent excavations of skull bones in<br />
coastal areas showing the occurrence of Surfer’s<br />
Ear, a condition where dense bony growths<br />
protrude into the external auditory canal after<br />
continued submersion of the skull in water. <strong>The</strong>y<br />
too knew the value of the ocean for survival and<br />
learned to dive for food like clams and seaweed<br />
in order to do so. Could it be we learnt to swim<br />
before we walked? 5<br />
However, the standard story of our evolution in<br />
the 20 th century is the Savannah theory. A harsh<br />
theory that proposes that we separated from<br />
our primate cousins when the forests receded<br />
and we were forced to venture onto the African<br />
Savannah, evolving to bipedal mammals in order<br />
to hunt and kill, to survive, with the male of the<br />
species leading the fight. <strong>The</strong> ability to use tools<br />
developed in order to achieve these primary goals.<br />
This story has fit nicely with many powerful<br />
stories since it became dominant in the 1920s. <strong>The</strong><br />
dangerous stories of warfare and technological<br />
advancement at any cost seems closely allied<br />
with a theory of evolution that focuses on one<br />
species, one gender, fighting to survive. But as<br />
with all stories, ‘it matters what stories we tell<br />
these stories with’ and from the 1960s on, many<br />
academics and researchers have asked ‘did human<br />
kind begin on the dry wide Savannahs as hunters<br />
of Africa, or were our origins beside lakes, rivers<br />
and the sea shore, foraging and shallow diving in<br />
the intertidal zone?’<br />
<strong>The</strong> Aquatic Ape theory, developed by the British<br />
Biologist Alistair Hardy in the 1960s, was met<br />
by contemporary ridicule. 6 He proposed that<br />
certain apes evolved into humans when they<br />
descended from the trees to live, not on the<br />
Savannah but beside the sea, where they could<br />
follow tidal patterns and harness its bountiful<br />
aquatic resources, learning to walk with water as<br />
a support to transition into bipedal beings. One<br />
key question that pointed Hardy towards this new<br />
thinking was asking why, in particular in women,<br />
do humans have a thick layer of sub-cutaneous<br />
fat under their skin? We share this only with the<br />
aquatic mammals he pointed out - nowhere is it<br />
seen in terrestrial kind. Mostly ignored, Hardy’s<br />
ideas were picked up by a popular science<br />
enthusiast and feminist playwright, Elaine<br />
Morgan. Hugely frustrated by the Savannah theory<br />
that left women out of the narrative of human<br />
evolution, Morgan became dedicated to weaving<br />
an alternative story and published ‘<strong>The</strong> Aquatic<br />
Ape’ in 1982. While there isn’t the space here to<br />
offer up both sides of this argument, it is safe to<br />
say that her book has been key in the turning of<br />
the tide. As fossil evidence is continually revisited<br />
and prominent figures like the palaeontologist<br />
Philip Tobias and Sir David Attenborough get<br />
behind the theory, there is at last an aquatic lens<br />
firmly on the story of our evolution.<br />
<strong>The</strong> telling of our evolutionary story through a<br />
watery lens makes my focus soften. <strong>The</strong> status<br />
quo becomes blurred and I’m shifting planes,<br />
building a world view where our greatest resource<br />
was the sea, and the earliest art was scraped on<br />
shells in sea caves. As we followed the ebb and<br />
flow of the tide, we learnt to understand the world<br />
through an aquatic lens.<br />
Swimming in the Mesh:<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> as a Sensorium for New Thinking<br />
If we allow the story of our evolution to be tied<br />
closely to this place, the ocean offers ample<br />
metaphorical space to be dazzled. Thinking in<br />
this watery way draws me to two prominent<br />
cultural theorists whose writing ushers us to<br />
think across planes and axes in order to create<br />
space for new visions and tales. In doing so they<br />
propose new modes of aesthetic and ethical<br />
relationship with nature - with the non-human and<br />
with the ocean. Both lay down new tools for us to<br />
rediscover the potential of the sea as something<br />
with which to think and build new worlds. Donna<br />
Haraway’s hybrid thinking binds both human<br />
and non-humans together through what she<br />
calls ‘speculative fabulation’. This is a space very<br />
different to the use of ‘narrative’ in literary theory.<br />
It is a world of wild facts; facts that are never<br />
still, constantly moving and reforming. Drawing<br />
from the metaphor of fables, this is a webbed-like<br />
mesh structure for exploring ontological questions.<br />
Infinite layers exist with no definite backgrounds<br />
or foregrounds, structures are porous and<br />
existence is everywhere. Timothy Morton echoes<br />
Haraway’s interspecies ‘fabulations’ through<br />
his Dark Ecology, 7 a similar mesh-like structure<br />
where the romantic framework of nature as<br />
something ‘over there’ comes crashing down. We<br />
are confronted with the realisation that we exist<br />
in the shadow of a strange ‘other’. This strange<br />
stranger is the recognition that our social space is<br />
in fact borderless and we co-exist with the nonhuman;<br />
be it the ocean, the climate, a sea snake<br />
or a sardine. Haraway and Morton both point to a<br />
strange mesh where the ocular does not dominate<br />
and multisensory languages communicate across<br />
boundaries. I cannot help but think this is the<br />
language of the oceans.<br />
Rediscovering the ocean as a metaphor to<br />
challenge frameworks and communicate with<br />
is evident throughout history, from Melville’s<br />
great whale to the writing of Barbadian poet and<br />
historian Kamu Braithwaite. His poetry springs<br />
from the Atlantic and his ‘tidalectic’ thinking is the<br />
focus of a publication by the same name edited<br />
by the Thysseen-Bornemisza Academy and MIT. 8<br />
Tidalectics brings artists into focus who, like<br />
Yeats use the sea to welcome people to another<br />
world. Brathwaite’s thinking frames these works,<br />
and diving into his world we enter the realm of<br />
the ocean, ‘his poetry mirrors the fluctuating<br />
rhythmic soundings of the waves at sea and their<br />
curling ripples as they wash to the shores’. 9 He<br />
proposes the ‘tidalectic’ as a rejection of western<br />
linear thinking. <strong>The</strong> tide never returns to the same<br />
shore and, as with the tides, his words swell and<br />
dissolve terrestrial modes of thinking; ‘a being<br />
dedicated to water is a being in flux’ Briathwaite<br />
tells us.<br />
A <strong>Sea</strong> in Crisis<br />
<strong>The</strong> 20 th century has seen humankind defined by<br />
linear thinking and not by thinking in flux. With<br />
this we have lost the ability to grasp the expanse<br />
of the water bodies that make up two thirds of our<br />
planet. This detachment brings crisis. <strong>The</strong> sea is<br />
the most dynamic and sensitive component of our<br />
living planet, yet the least known. It is now in a<br />
new phase of its history, markedly shaped by the<br />
impact of human activities on the earth system.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Fifth Assessment Report published by the<br />
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<br />
(IPCC) in 2013 tells us the ocean has ‘absorbed<br />
93% of the extra energy from the enhanced<br />
greenhouse effect, with warming now being<br />
observed at depths of 1,000m’. 10 <strong>The</strong> result has<br />
been changes in ocean currents, depleted oxygen<br />
zones, extinction of marine species, and shifts<br />
in growing seasons. <strong>The</strong> list goes on. All of this<br />
defies borders and yet ironically this place has also<br />
become the site of border and political conflict.<br />
As these watery bodies between bordered land<br />
masses become pathways for migrants escaping<br />
warfare and climate displacement they become<br />
graveyards; the Mediterranean alone has claimed<br />
the lives of at least 19,164 migrants since 2014. 11<br />
In another twist to this tale, these ocean graves<br />
are now battlegrounds for deep-sea mining<br />
contracts as demand for global resources pushes<br />
the focus into the ocean. <strong>The</strong> true impact on<br />
biodiversity of deep-sea mining is immeasurable;<br />
more people have walked the lunar landscape<br />
than have seen the deepest parts of the seabed.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Rescue<br />
Breaking the surface I refill my lungs. <strong>The</strong> horizon<br />
appears with ocular clarity but I can’t ignore the<br />
sounds in the distance of the making and doing<br />
of this terrestrial world. I’m still craving the<br />
boundless space below the water, the muffled<br />
and unfocused rippling that occupied my mind<br />
and body. Craving the world of Melville’s whale,<br />
where many meanings and mythologies reveal<br />
themselves. <strong>The</strong> painter and poet Etel Adnan’s<br />
words flood in, ‘<strong>The</strong>re’s sea, ocean, and turbulent<br />
rivers, and there are the great lakes, matrix of<br />
storms, last refuge for mythologies, sailing ports<br />
and platforms for interstellar voyages.’ 12 She, like<br />
many artists, gives us the gift of showing the<br />
potential of aquatic thinking to break bad old<br />
habits and the dialectics that underpin them; and<br />
in many ways that is the great achievement of<br />
works exhibited in <strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong>.<br />
Rescuing ourselves from the disconnected tapestry<br />
that is mapped out above will require new tools<br />
and it is here where art can carefully darn and<br />
repair. <strong>The</strong> first thread is its ability to host an idea<br />
we haven’t yet articulated or we don’t see the<br />
need for. Nowhere is this more relevant than in<br />
the work of Forensic Oceanography, whose work<br />
embodies the cross-disciplinary entanglements<br />
that can make the unseen seen. <strong>The</strong>ir broader<br />
practice brings architects, artists, and forensic<br />
scientists together to ‘investigate state and<br />
corporate violence, human rights violations<br />
and environmental destruction all over the<br />
world.’ 13 <strong>The</strong> footage on view here is harrowing.<br />
<strong>The</strong> increasing human entanglement with the<br />
ocean as a passage to refuge is exposed in two<br />
Mediterranean crossings by migrants. In bringing<br />
Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong>, 2015 by John Akomfrah to Sligo the<br />
exhibition welcomes not narratives but situations,<br />
both political and ecological. <strong>The</strong>re is a powerful<br />
positioning of Akomfrah’s work as the opening<br />
piece in this exhibition. His three-screen mix<br />
seems to actualize Haraway’s fabulations, pulling<br />
wild facts and fiction together to journey through<br />
aquatic stories of whaling, colonialisation and<br />
migration. <strong>The</strong> work is intense and assaulting;<br />
there is little more to do than ‘stay in the trouble’,<br />
a second tool in reconnecting us. In commissioning<br />
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the composer Karen Power to produce new audio<br />
work for the show it fully commits to the nonocular.<br />
<strong>The</strong> piece, entitled no man’s land, is based<br />
on specially made field recordings that uncover<br />
the unique sonic profile of the Sligo seaboard.<br />
Power, in collaboration with soprano Michelle<br />
O’Rourke, open the exhibition with a performance<br />
immersing us in the tonality of the ocean and<br />
reconnecting us with this otherworldly sensorium.<br />
In Shaun Gladwell’s Storm Sequence, 2000<br />
Morton’s ‘strange stranger’ is evoked, with the<br />
oncoming storm as the ‘other’. <strong>The</strong> mesmerising<br />
work slowly unfolds with a skateboarder and<br />
the storm dancing together, waves rising behind<br />
him on Bondi Beach, until the storm’s intensity<br />
ends the entanglement; the rhythms of the storm<br />
become too powerful for it to continue. This<br />
feeling of otherness is evident too in Susanne M.<br />
Winterling’s work, planetary opera in three acts,<br />
divided by the currents, 2018; through sound and<br />
image she inverts the relationship between the<br />
ocean and us. We are immersed in a multi-species<br />
experience, where space becomes borderless and<br />
we co-exist with the maritime. Another tool with<br />
which to build new worlds is opened up.<br />
All the works speak on our behalf and in talking<br />
loudly, the complexity of our relationship with<br />
the sea is revealed. <strong>The</strong> works don’t stand still;<br />
they break the bad habit of viewing the ocean as<br />
something over there and in doing so reconnect<br />
us. Our terrestrial realities blur and new worlds<br />
are built. <strong>The</strong> words of Emily Dickinson flow in,<br />
‘Tell all the truth but tell it slant’. 14 <strong>The</strong>se words<br />
seem to fit this aquatic storytelling place.<br />
I break the surface one last time. Underwater<br />
shards of light shift my gaze – they cut through<br />
planes and I see things slant through the blue<br />
watery world. ‘<strong>The</strong> truth must dazzle gradually’<br />
Dickinson tells us. Glancing up from the sandy<br />
bottom the light splits and splits again.<br />
Rainbowing, it dazzles me slowly.<br />
Rosie O’Reilly, 2020<br />
Works Cited<br />
1<br />
Haraway, Donna J. Staying with the trouble,<br />
Making Kin in the Chthulucene. 2016, Duke<br />
University Press. Durham and London<br />
2<br />
https://maps.biodiversityireland.ie. 28/01/2019<br />
3<br />
Ibid Haraway.<br />
4<br />
‘Homo erectus at Trinil on Java used shells for tool<br />
production and engraving” https://www.nature.<br />
com/articles/nature13962. 14/02/2020<br />
5<br />
External auditory exostoses among western<br />
Eurasian late Middle and Late Pleistocene humans.<br />
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/<br />
article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220464.<br />
14/02/2020<br />
6<br />
<strong>The</strong> Waterside Ape. BBC Radio 4 Documentary.<br />
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07v0hhm<br />
07/01/2020<br />
7<br />
Morton, Timothy. Dark Ecology. For a Logic of<br />
Future Coexistence. 2016, Columbia University<br />
Press. New York<br />
8<br />
Tiadalectics. Imagining an Oceanic Worldview<br />
through Art and Science. Edited by Stefanie<br />
Hessler. 2018. TBA21-Academy, London. <strong>The</strong> MIT<br />
Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London.<br />
9<br />
Ibid Hessler.<br />
10<br />
https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/<br />
ocean-and-climate-change. 05/12/19<br />
11<br />
https://www.iom.int/news/iom-mediterranean-<br />
arrivals-reach-110699-2019-deaths-reach-1283-<br />
world-deaths-fall. 05/02/2020<br />
12<br />
Etal Adnan. <strong>Sea</strong> and Fog. 2012, Nightboat Books,<br />
New York<br />
13<br />
https://forensic-architecture.org/about/agency.<br />
06/02/2020<br />
14<br />
<strong>The</strong> Poems of Emily Dickinson: Reading<br />
Edition, <strong>The</strong> Belknap Press of Harvard University<br />
Press, 1998<br />
11<br />
12
13
John Akomfrah (b.1957)<br />
Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong>, 2015<br />
three channel HD colour video installation, 48 mins<br />
In this work, filmmaker John Akomfrah explores man’s<br />
relationship with the sea and its role in the history<br />
of slavery, migration, and conflict. A meditation on<br />
the aquatic sublime, Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong> brings together a<br />
collection of oblique tales and histories that speak to the<br />
multiple significances of the ocean and humankind’s<br />
often troubling relationship with it.<br />
With sweeping and hypnotic imagery of the aquatic and<br />
cetacean worlds, Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong> washes in waves over its<br />
audience, bringing with it the traumas, memories and<br />
the hopes of a fractured world.<br />
Touching upon migration, the history of slavery and<br />
colonisation, war and conflict and current ecological<br />
concerns, Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong> is a narrative on humankind and<br />
nature, on beauty, violence and on the precariousness of<br />
life.<br />
Shot on the Isle of Skye, the Faroe Islands and the<br />
Northern regions of Norway, and including footage<br />
from the BBC’s Natural History Unit, Vertigo <strong>Sea</strong> draws<br />
upon two remarkable books: Herman Melville’s Moby<br />
Dick (1851) and Heathcote Williams’ epic poem “Whale<br />
Nation” (1988), a harrowing and inspiring work which<br />
charts the history, intelligence and majesty of the largest<br />
mammal on earth.<br />
Courtesy Smoking Dogs Films and Lisson Gallery,<br />
London.<br />
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Forensic Oceanography<br />
and Forensic Architecture<br />
Forensic Oceanography is a project initiated within the<br />
Forensic Architecture agency by Charles Heller and<br />
Lorenzo Pezzani, in the wake of the Arab uprisings of<br />
2011. It seeks to critically investigate the militarised<br />
border regime imposed by European states across the<br />
EU’s maritime frontier, analysing the political, spatial<br />
and aesthetic conditions that have turned the waters<br />
of the Mediterranean <strong>Sea</strong> into a deadly liquid for the<br />
illegalised migrants seeking to cross it. <strong>The</strong> more than<br />
30,000 migrants who have died at and through the sea<br />
over the last 30 years are the victims of what Forensic<br />
Oceanography call “liquid violence”.<br />
By combining human testimonies with traces left<br />
across the digital sensorium of the sea constituted by<br />
radars, satellite imagery and vessel tracking systems,<br />
Forensic Oceanography has mobilised surveillance<br />
means ‘against the grain’ to contest both the violence<br />
of borders and the regime of (in)visibility on which it is<br />
founded.<br />
While the seas have been carved up into a complex<br />
jurisdictional space that allows states to extend their<br />
sovereign claims through police operations beyond the<br />
limits of their territory, but also to retract themselves<br />
from obligations, such as rescuing vessels in distress,<br />
Forensic Oceanography has sought to locate particular<br />
incidents within the legal architecture of the EU’s<br />
maritime frontier, so as to determine responsibility for<br />
them. Forensic Oceanography’s reports have served<br />
as the basis for several legal cases against European<br />
states.<br />
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Presented here is a video<br />
diptych that is part of<br />
investigations undertaken<br />
by Forensic Oceanography<br />
concerning different phases<br />
in the evolving border regime<br />
since 2011. <strong>The</strong> diptych<br />
brings together <strong>The</strong> Crime<br />
of Rescue - <strong>The</strong> Iuventa<br />
Case (2018), which offers a<br />
counter-investigation of the<br />
accusations of collusion used<br />
to justify the seizure of the<br />
rescue NGO boat Iuventa;<br />
and Mare Clausum - <strong>The</strong><br />
<strong>Sea</strong> Watch vs Libyan Coast<br />
Guard Case (2018), which<br />
reconstructs a confrontation<br />
event in which the Libyan<br />
coast guard attempted to<br />
intercept migrants while<br />
the rescue NGO <strong>Sea</strong> Watch<br />
sought to rescue them.<br />
<strong>The</strong>se videos, both of which<br />
have been produced in<br />
collaboration with Forensic<br />
Architecture, point to the<br />
two entangled dimensions<br />
of the strategy currently<br />
implemented by Italy and<br />
the EU to seal off the central<br />
Mediterranean route:<br />
criminalising solidarity, and<br />
outsourcing border control<br />
to the Tripoli-based Libyan<br />
government and militias.<br />
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Forensic Oceanography<br />
and Forensic Architecture<br />
Mare Clausum – <strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> Watch vs<br />
Libyan Coast Guard Case, 2018<br />
video installation, 28 mins<br />
On the 6 November 2017, the NGO <strong>Sea</strong> Watch and<br />
the Libyan coast guard were involved in a highly<br />
confrontational event, after both were requested to<br />
rescue a boat carrying more than 130 migrants. <strong>The</strong><br />
intercepted migrants however sought to evade their<br />
fate of violence at the hands of their Libyan captors<br />
by swimming towards the rescue NGO vessels, which<br />
offered the prospect of safety in Europe instead.<br />
<strong>Sea</strong> Watch managed to recover 59 people who were<br />
brought to Italy, while 47 passengers were pulled-back<br />
to Libya, where several were subjected to grave<br />
violations. At least 20 passengers died before and<br />
during the rescue. This video reconstruction offers a<br />
striking illustration of the lethal outcomes of Italy and<br />
the EU’s policy of externalisation of border control.<br />
It is part of the “Mare Clausum” report by Forensic<br />
Oceanography, which has served as the basis for a legal<br />
complaint against Italy submitted to the European Court<br />
of Human Rights.<br />
Project team Forensic Oceanography: Charles Heller,<br />
Lorenzo Pezzani, Rossana Padeletti<br />
Project team Forensic Architecture: Stefan Laxness,<br />
Stefanos Levidis, Grace Quah, Nathan Su,<br />
Samaneh Moafi, Christina Varvia, Eyal Weizman<br />
Produced with the support of the Watch<strong>The</strong>Med<br />
platform, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the<br />
Republic and Canton of Geneva<br />
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Forensic Oceanography<br />
and Forensic Architecture<br />
<strong>The</strong> Crime of Rescue – <strong>The</strong> Iuventa<br />
Case, 2018<br />
video installation, 33 mins<br />
On 2 August 2017, the ship Iuventa of the German<br />
NGO Jugend Rettet (‘Youth Rescue’) was seized by the<br />
Italian judiciary under suspicion of “aiding and abetting<br />
illegal immigration” and collusion with smugglers. <strong>The</strong><br />
video presented here offers a counter-investigation of<br />
the authorities’ version of the events, and a refutation<br />
of their accusations. While the latter operate by<br />
decontextualising factual elements and recombining<br />
them into a spurious chain of events, our analysis<br />
attempts instead to cross-reference all elements of<br />
evidence into a coherent spatiotemporal model. This<br />
video has been part of the legal defence of Jugend<br />
Rettet. <strong>The</strong> Iuventa remains to this day under custody of<br />
the Italian police in the port of Trapani, Sicily.<br />
Project team Forensic Oceanography: Charles Heller,<br />
Lorenzo Pezzani, Rossana Padaletti, Richard Limeburner<br />
Project Team Forensic Architecture: Nathan Su,<br />
Christina Varvia, Eyal Weizman, Grace Quah<br />
Produced with the support of Borderline Europe, the<br />
Watch<strong>The</strong>Med platform and Transmediale<br />
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Forensic Oceanography<br />
<strong>The</strong> European Union’s Lethal<br />
Maritime Frontier: Illegalised<br />
Migration, Bordering and Deaths at<br />
<strong>Sea</strong>, Central Mediterranean,<br />
2011–2018 (2019)<br />
vinyl timeline<br />
Presented here is a video diptych that is part of<br />
investigations undertaken by Forensic Oceanography<br />
concerning different phases in the evolving border<br />
regime since 2011. <strong>The</strong> content on each screen analyses<br />
and contests a particular mode of border violence, all<br />
the while drawing a political anatomy of the fluctuating<br />
patterns of border control and (non)assistance at<br />
sea, and their dramatic consequences for the lives of<br />
migrants. <strong>The</strong>se broad trends are here summarised in a<br />
timeline.<br />
Project team: Charles Heller, Lorenzo Pezzani,<br />
Gian-Andrea Monsch, Bob Trafford, Robert Preusse<br />
Courtesy Forensic Oceanography and Forensic<br />
Architecture.<br />
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Shaun Gladwell (b.1972)<br />
Storm Sequence, 2000<br />
single channel digital video, colour, sound, 8 mins<br />
Shaun Gladwell is an Australian contemporary artist<br />
who works predominantly in video and performance.<br />
His works are shot within natural and urban<br />
environments, and explore the relationship between<br />
landscapes and people while simultaneously drawing<br />
deeply from art and literary history.<br />
Storm Sequence is a deceptively simple work. It depicts<br />
the solitary action of a skateboarder – the artist, Shaun<br />
Gladwell – freestyling on the edge of a concrete drop<br />
in front of the ocean at Bondi Beach in Sydney. <strong>The</strong><br />
camera hardly moves and concentrates only on his<br />
movements, as he pirouettes and spins. Incorporating<br />
an organic, liquid-like soundtrack by Sydney composer<br />
Kazumichi Grime, the footage is presented at a reduced<br />
framerate to give the illusion of slow motion. Movement<br />
which in real time would have a jerky rhythm becomes<br />
graceful, emphasising the relationship between the<br />
individual, the ocean and the oncoming storm.<br />
Courtesy the artist and Anna Schwartz Gallery.<br />
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Karen Power (b. 1977)<br />
no man’s land, 2020<br />
eight channel audio installation, 40mins<br />
no man’s land is a multifunctional composition<br />
presented as both an eight channel sound installation<br />
and a live performance for voice and composed field<br />
recordings, all of which lie in conversation with the<br />
major surrounding artworks of <strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong>.<br />
This entire composition is based on Power’s field<br />
recordings of the sea from many locations, including<br />
new site-specific recordings made throughout Sligo’s<br />
waterways over the six-month period of this project.<br />
Subtle additions to the installation had being planned,<br />
mapping local and seasonal sea changes.<br />
<strong>The</strong> concept and structure of this sound installation<br />
emulates the living and ever-changing state of our<br />
ocean, as simultaneously constant and fleeting, fragile<br />
and robust, volatile and calm, while at the same time<br />
being mesmerising, beautiful, alluring, harsh, and<br />
encompassing all of life and death.<br />
Courtesy the artist, supported by the Arts Council<br />
Music Project Awards.<br />
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Susanne M. Winterling (b.1971)<br />
planetary opera in three acts, divided<br />
by the currents, 2018<br />
12 channel sound installation, 7 mins<br />
planetary loop of gravitation, 2018<br />
4K projection mapping, 7 mins<br />
flags of the miracular (welcome to<br />
the algae empire), 2018<br />
textile, bamboo<br />
planetary opera in three acts, divided by the currents<br />
is a composition of natural and synthetic, as well<br />
as documentary and imaginary sounds, including<br />
hydrophone recordings of algae, the sound of green<br />
turtles hatching, crabs rubbing their claws together and<br />
other ecological marvels. <strong>The</strong> opera is accompanied by<br />
planetary loop of gravitation, and flags of the miracular<br />
(welcome to the algae empire), both 2018. <strong>The</strong>se works<br />
immerse the spectator in a field of floating particles<br />
- at once reminiscent of the sky, the deep sea, and<br />
interplanetary space - as gargantuan algae whirl and<br />
dance around them.<br />
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<strong>The</strong>se pieces enact a sensory<br />
inversion of the dominant<br />
anthropocentric logics<br />
which govern our awareness<br />
through their dramatic<br />
reversals of scale and focus,<br />
deploying historical forms<br />
of media usually associated<br />
with the internal drama<br />
of humankind, to instead<br />
express the drama of the<br />
planet. Participants are<br />
immersed within a grand<br />
marine imaginary which<br />
aims to generate a new sense<br />
of interspecies alliance with<br />
the creatures that dwell<br />
within planetary space and<br />
through the currents.<br />
Courtesy the artist and<br />
Empty Gallery, supported by<br />
the Goethe Institut Irland.<br />
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Cover: Susanne M. Winterling, planetary opera in three acts, divided by the currents, 2018.<br />
12-channel sound installation. planetary loop of gravitation, 2018. Computer generated imagery<br />
mapped projection for curved screen 4K, 9 min. Photo: Michael Yu. Courtesy the artist and Empty<br />
Gallery.<br />
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Sea</strong> <strong>Around</strong> <strong>Us</strong><br />
John Akomfrah (GH/GB), Forensic Oceanography and Forensic<br />
Architecture (GB), Shaun Gladwell (AU), Karen Power (IE),<br />
Susanne M. Winterling (DE).<br />
Curated by Emer McGarry<br />
<strong>The</strong> Model; home of <strong>The</strong> Niland Collection<br />
29 Feb. – 31 May 2020<br />
Publication design<br />
Concepta Boyce<br />
Image credits<br />
Installation Shots<br />
Heike Thiele, Daniel Paul McDonald and Barry McHugh<br />
John Akomfrah<br />
© Smoking Dogs Films, courtesy Smoking Dogs Films and Lisson<br />
Gallery<br />
Forensic Oceanography and Forensic Architecture<br />
© Forensic Oceanography and Forensic Architecture<br />
Shaun Gladwell<br />
© Shaun Gladwell, courtesy the artist and Anna Schwartz Gallery<br />
Karen Power<br />
Page 57, images by John Godfrey<br />
Susanne M. Winterling<br />
© Susanne M. Winterling, images by Michael Yu, courtesy the artist<br />
and Empty Gallery<br />
This exhibition is sponsored by Hazelwood House, Sligo.<br />
With additional support from Goethe Institut Irland, Ecclesiastical Insurance and Arts<br />
Council Music Project Award.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Model; home of <strong>The</strong> Niland Collection<br />
<strong>The</strong> Mall, Sligo | (071) 9141405 | themodel.ie<br />
Registered Charity No. CHY 12212<br />
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